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从肺论治—补肺清瘀法促进硬皮病皮肤软化的研究
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摘要
目的
     探讨中医学对硬皮病发病机理的认识,按照“肺气亏虚为本,痰瘀互结是标”的病变机理,制定“从肺论治”的治疗大法,选用古方“补肺汤”进行加减化裁,在金实导师的指导下拟定补肺清瘀颗粒进行临床观察,同时进行相关的实验研究,探讨补肺清瘀颗粒对硬皮病的作用机制,为治疗硬皮病提供可靠的实验数据和理论依据。
     方法
     1理论方法检索古今中外文献,分析比较。
     2实验方法①采用给小鼠背部皮肤连续皮内注射BLM(A255-70%)3周复制硬皮病模型成功后,灌服中药一段时间,处死小鼠,将其皮肤作病理检查,观察补肺清瘀颗粒对BLM致近交系BALB/C小鼠实验性硬皮病治疗效果。②采用给大鼠气管内注入博来霉素(BLM-A6)复制肺纤维化模型,灌服中药一段时间后,处死大鼠,对大鼠肺作病理检查和其他实验检查,以观察补肺清瘀颗粒对大鼠实验性肺纤维化的治疗作用。③通过主要药效学试验验证与临床功能主治有关的作用。
     3临床研究方法本研究采用随机平行对照的临床试验方法,观察病例数40例,其中治疗组和对照组各20例,疗程8周。试验组给予补肺清瘀颗粒,每次一袋,每日三次。对照组给予青霉胺0.125,2次/日,逐渐加量至0.75-1.25/日。治疗前后评价两组患者的中医证候积分、皮肤硬化积分、症状体征、相关实验室检查的差异,以及不良反应。
     结果
     1理论研究结果在文献资料分析的基础上,根据导师金实教授的学术思想,我们认为硬皮病的基本病机是:肺气亏虚为本,痰瘀互结是标。治疗以补益和祛邪共进,从肺论治-补益肺气治其本,活血通络、清除痰瘀治其标。
     2实验研究结果
     (1)对血瘀小鼠的血液流变性实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒可扩张小鼠血管,改善微循环,具有一定的活血化瘀作用。
     (2)对小鼠DNCB诱导的DTH反应的影响实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒对异常的细胞免疫功能具有调节作用。
     (3)对小鼠血清溶血素抗体生成的影响实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒具有增强体液免疫的作用。
     (4)对昆明种小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒具有增强单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用,从而达到增强机体免疫功能。
     (5)补肺清瘀颗粒对肺纤维化模型鼠血清中MDA含量和MAO活力的实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒有降低肺纤维化模型鼠血清中MDA含量和MAO活力的作用。
     (6)补肺清瘀颗粒对肺纤维化模型鼠组织中MDA含量和羟脯氨酸含量的作用实验提示:补肺清瘀颗粒可降低组织中MDA含量和羟脯氨酸含量。
     (7)补肺清瘀颗粒抗博来霉素所致大鼠肺纤维化病理学的结果提示:补肺清瘀颗粒对博来霉素所致肺纤维化有一定治疗作用,其中低剂量组疗效较好。
     (8)补肺清瘀颗粒对博来霉致近交系BALB/C硬皮病模型小鼠的作用结果提示:
     ①补肺清瘀颗粒具有防止胸腺萎缩的作用,且能防止硬皮病的脾肿大。
     ②补肺清瘀颗粒低、中、高剂量组均有改善博来霉素所致小鼠硬皮病真皮增厚的趋势。
     ③补肺清瘀颗粒中、高剂量组能减轻真皮小血管周围炎,缓解附属结构毛囊、汗腺的减少或缺失。
     说明补肺清瘀颗粒对博来霉素所致硬皮病模型小鼠具有一定的治疗作用。
     3临床研究结果硬皮病患者40例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例,中医证候疗效比较:补肺清瘀颗粒组中医证候疗效95%,优于青霉胺组41.7%,秩和检验T=7.02,P=0.008,有显著差异;两组的皮肤积分、齿距、指距、平均握力、关节压痛指数与治疗前相比,均有改善,但治疗组疗效优于对照组,两组相比,有显著差异(P<0.05);血沉、球蛋白的改善治疗组优于对照组,两组相比,有显著差异(P<0.05);安全性分析发现:治疗组无不良事件和实验室指标的异常,而对照组有5例因味觉异常、白细胞下降、肝功能异常而退出试验,提示:治疗组补肺清瘀颗粒更安全。
     结论
     补肺清瘀颗粒能改善硬皮病患者的临床症状,并且更安全。实验研究证实:补肺清瘀颗粒具有活血化瘀,改善微循环,调节免疫功能,抗纤维化,促进皮肤软化等作用,说明补肺清瘀颗粒从多个环节、多条途径对硬皮病起到了一定的治疗作用。
Objective:
     According to the pathogenesis of pulmonary qi deficiency is the Ben of theScleroderma, phlegm retention and blood stasis is the Biao of the Scleroderma, formulatingthe the therapy method of treating by lung, Selecting the ancient prescription "Bufei soup"for addition and subtraction, We evaluated the TCM understanding of the pathogenesis ofthe Scleroderma. Also with the guidance of the Jinshi instructor, we selectedBufeiqiyu-granule decoction for clinical observation and the associated experimentalstudy, in order to evaluate the mechanism of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction for the treatmentof the scleroderma and provide reliable experimental data and theoretical basis.
     Methods:
     1 Theory methods: use computer network, search literature in ancient or moderntimes,in china or abroad, analysis and compare.
     2 Experimental methods:①Using intradermal continuous injection to the back skin ofmice BLM (A255-70%) three weeks,after the success of replication sclerodermatous model,Chinese herb for some time, The mice were killed and skin pathology, observed thetreatment of experimental scleroderma of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction on BLM-inbredmice.②Using intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats (BLM-A6) to replicate themodel of pulmonary fibrosis, after use Chinese herb for some time, killed the mice andexamed the rat lung on pathology examinations and other experiments forinspection,observed the treatment of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction on the experimentalpulmonary fibrosis in rats.③Through the mutual relations between primaryPharmacodynamics and experiment Clinical function.
     3 Clinical research methods: this study used a randomized Parallel controlled clinicaltrial methods, the number of patient observed was 40 cases, divided the treatment groupand the control group,each group was 20,they were treated for 8 weeks,usedBufeiqiyu-granule decoction on the treatment group,one does daily, used Penicillamine0.125 on the control group,twice daily, gradually increased the volume to 0.75—1.25 oneday, evaluated the Chinese medicine syndromes integral, integralskin sclerosis, signs andsymptoms, the difference related to laboratory tests and adverse reactions of both groupsbefore and after the treatment.
     Results:
     1 Theoretical study results: On the basis of an extensive literature search, and based on the academic thinking of Jinshi instructor, We believe that the basic pathogenesis ofScleroderma is: pulmonary qi deficiency is the Ben of the Scleroderma, phlegm retentionand blood stasis is the Biao of the Scleroderma, treatment by strengthening vital qi andeliminating pathogenic factors, treatment by lung and replenishing and restoring pulmonaryQi aiming at the Ben of the Scleroderma, treatment by promoting blood circulation toremove phlegm retention and blood stasis aiming at the Biao of the Scleroderma.
     2 Experimental study results:
     (1) Hemorheology experiment of the blood stasis mice showed: Bufeiqiyu-granuledecoction can expand blood vessels and improve microcirculation, had the certain effects ofpromoting blood circulation.
     (2)The experiment of DTH reaction in mice induced by DNCB showed:Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction can regulate the abnormal cells immune function.
     (3) The experiment of IgM antibody production in mice showed: Bufeiqiyu-granuledecoction can reinforce the role of humoral immunity.
     (4) The experiment of monocyte-macrophage phagocytosis functions of the Kunmingmice showed: Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction can reinforce the role of monocyte-macrophagephagocytosis functions, so can enhance immune function.
     (5) The experiment of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction on Serum MDA and MAOdynamic of rat model of pulmonary fibrosis showed: Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction canlower serum MDA and MAO vitality in rat model of pulmonary fibrosis.
     (6) The effectible experiment of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction on MDA content andHydroxyproline content in rat model of pulmonary fibrosis tissue showed:Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction can lower MDA content and Hydroxyproline content in tissue.
     (7) Pathology results of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction anti bleomycin-inducedpulmonary fibrosis showed: Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction had the certain effects of antibleomycin-induced lung fibrosis,low-dose group was better.
     (8)The effect of Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction to bleomycin-induced inbred strainBALB/C sclerodermatous rat model showed:
     ①Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction can prevent thymic atrophy and can preventsclerodermatous splenomegaly.
     ②The low dose of, middle dose of and large dose of Bufeiqingyu-granule group hadimproved bleomycin-induced sclerodermatous dermal thickening trend.
     ③The middle dose of and large dose of Bufeiqingyu-granule group can reduce dermalaround the small blood vessels,and ease subsidiary structure of hair follicles and sweatglands in the reduction or deletion.so showed that Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction had thecertain effects of anti bleomycin-induced sclerodermatous rat model. 3 Clinical studyresults: 40 cases of sclerodermatous patients were randomized into the treatment group andthe control group, each group was 20 cases. Compare the effects of TCM Syndrome,theeffects of Bufeiqingyu-granule group 95%, 41.7% better than penicillamine group, ranktest, T=7.02 P=0.008, a significant difference; The skin integral, tooth distance, fingersdistance, average grip strength,joint pressure pain index of two group compared with thosebefore treatment have improved, However, the treatment group better than the control group, These two groups showed significant differences (P<0.05); the improvement inESR,MG of treatment group better than the control group, a significant difference(P<0.05);Security Analysis showed: The treatment group found no adverse events and laboratoryabnormalities, five patients with abnormal taste, leukopenia, and abnormal liver functionwithdrew the test in the control group,so showed that Bufeiqingyu-granule group more safe.
     Conclusion:
     Bufeiqiyu-granule decoction improved clinical symptoms of the sclerodermatouspatients and more safe. Experimental studies have confirmed: Bufeiqiyu-granule decoctioncan promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis,improve microcirculation, regulateimmune function,anti-fibrosis,promote skin softening, clearly showed theBufeiqiyu-granule decoction has a number of ways to play the treatment of sclerodermafrom many areas.
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