玉米抗甘蔗花叶病毒QTL分析
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摘要
玉米矮花叶病是一种世界性病害，也是我国玉米产区的主要病害之一。培育抗病品种是防治玉米矮花叶病和减轻危害的最经济最有效的途径，而抗病育种的成效取决于对抗源和抗性遗传机制的认识。采用分子标记技术发掘我国主要玉米种质中的抗甘蔗花叶病毒基因及其连锁分子标记，为建立高效率抗病育种及种质改良技术提供理论依据。本研究以玉米自交系X178(抗)和B73(感)组配的F_2和F_3群体为作图和抗病性评价群体，采用SSR和AFLP分子标记构建遗传连锁图谱，在北京分春播和夏播二个时期，采用人工接种方法对216个F_3家系在苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和成株期分别进行玉米矮花叶病的抗性鉴定。应用复合区间作图法分析抗病QTL及基因效应。主要研究结果如下：
(1) 以X178×B73的F_2分离群体(234个单株)为作图群体，构建了含有134个SSR位点和119个AFLP位点的遗传连锁图，覆盖玉米基因组的1659.3 cM，标记间平均距离为6.58 cM，标记间图距小于20cM的比例为88.9％。
(2)通过分子数量遗传学分析，发现植株抗病性与多个基因的遗传控制有关，在各个不同发育时期玉米抗甘蔗花叶病毒的遗传力较高，变幅为69.2％～80.0％。相关分析表明，各个时期的病株率或病情指数之间呈高度正相关；但随植株生长发育，各个时期病株率或病情指数的相关性略有降低。
(3)将216个F_3家系在北京地区分春、夏两个时期播种，进行抗甘蔗花叶病毒鉴定，采用复合区间作图法进行QTL定位分析。在春播的苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和成株期共检测到5个QTL，分别位于第3、4、5、6、8染色体上，解释的表型变异为4.5％～32.6％。在夏播的苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和成株期共检测到5个QTL，分别位于第2、3、5、6、9染色体上，解释的表型变异为4.3％～40.5％。
(4)玉米对我国矮花叶病的抗性QTL与发育阶段有关，抗病QTL数目和位置在不同发育阶段的表现有差异。在春播玉米苗期共检测到3个QTL，分别位于第3、6、8染色体上；在拔节期也检测到3个QTL，位于第3、5、6染色体上；在抽雄期比拔节期多检测到一个QTL，位于第8染色体上；在成株期检测到4个QTL，分别位于第3、4、5、6染色体上。在夏播玉米苗期1和苗期2，分别于第3、5、6和9染色体上检测到4个QTL；在拔节期1于第3、6染色体上检测到QTL；在拔节期2，于第3、6、9染色体上共检测到3个QTL；抽雄期检测到的QTL数目与拔节期2相同，均在第3、6、9染色体上找到了QTL；在成株期检测到4个QTL，分别位于第3、5、6、9染色体。
Maize dwarf mosaic disease caused by sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a worldwide disease and is also one of the most important diseases in the China corn belt. Developing disease-resistant varieties is the most economic and efficient approach to control the disease. To explore SCMV-resistant genes and the linked markers in Chinese maize germplasm by moleculer marker technology will offer useful information for setting strategy to facilitate disease-resistant breeding efforts efficiently. In this study, F2 and F3 populations derived from the cross (X178 X B73), were used for linkage map construction by molecular markers SSR and AFLP and evaluation of disease resistance, respectively. In spring and summer crops, the 216 F3 families were evaluated for SCMV resistance at seedling, elongation, anthesis and adult stages under artificial inoculation, respectively. The QTL relevant to disease resistance and effects were analyzed with composite interval mapping. The main results were summarized as follows:
(1) A genetic linkage map was constructed with 134 SSR markers and 119 AFLP markers based on an F2 segregation population (234 individuals ) derived from (XI78 X B73), with a total length of 1659.3 cM and average distance between markers of 6.58 cM. The proportion less than 20 cM between markers accounted for 88.9%.
(2) Based on molecular quantitative genetic analysis, the heritabilities of resistance to SCMV in maize were high in different developmental stages, ranged from 69.2% to 80.0%, which indicates that the resistance to diseases was controlled by multi-genes. Moreover, the correlation analysis presented that disease incidence and index of SCMV at different stages were highly positive correlated; and values became declined with the plant development.
(3) Two hundred and sixteen F3 family lines were sown in Beijing for SCMV evaluation at two periods of spring and summer crops. Using composite interval mapping, 5 QTL were detected across seedling, elongation, anthesis and adult stages in spring crop, located on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, respectively, expressing 4.5% to 32.6% of phenotypic variance. Five QTL were detected across four stages in summer crop, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9, respectively, expressing 4.3~40.5% of phenotypic variance.
(4 ) The QTL mapping results for resistance to SCMV were related with developmental stages, and the number and location of QTL varied with different stages. For spring crop, 3 QTL of seedling stage were found on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8; 3 QTL on chromosomes 3, 5 and 6 at elongation stage; One more QTL was found on chromosome 8 at anthesis stage than elongation stage; 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 4, 5 and 6 at adult stage. For summer crop, at seedling stage (1 and 2), 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9; at elongation stage 1, 2 QTL were found on chromosomes 3 and 6; at elongation stage 2 and anthesis stage, 3 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 6 and 9, respectively; at adult stage, 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9.
(1) 以X178×B73的F_2分离群体(234个单株)为作图群体，构建了含有134个SSR位点和119个AFLP位点的遗传连锁图，覆盖玉米基因组的1659.3 cM，标记间平均距离为6.58 cM，标记间图距小于20cM的比例为88.9％。
(2)通过分子数量遗传学分析，发现植株抗病性与多个基因的遗传控制有关，在各个不同发育时期玉米抗甘蔗花叶病毒的遗传力较高，变幅为69.2％～80.0％。相关分析表明，各个时期的病株率或病情指数之间呈高度正相关；但随植株生长发育，各个时期病株率或病情指数的相关性略有降低。
(3)将216个F_3家系在北京地区分春、夏两个时期播种，进行抗甘蔗花叶病毒鉴定，采用复合区间作图法进行QTL定位分析。在春播的苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和成株期共检测到5个QTL，分别位于第3、4、5、6、8染色体上，解释的表型变异为4.5％～32.6％。在夏播的苗期、拔节期、抽雄期和成株期共检测到5个QTL，分别位于第2、3、5、6、9染色体上，解释的表型变异为4.3％～40.5％。
(4)玉米对我国矮花叶病的抗性QTL与发育阶段有关，抗病QTL数目和位置在不同发育阶段的表现有差异。在春播玉米苗期共检测到3个QTL，分别位于第3、6、8染色体上；在拔节期也检测到3个QTL，位于第3、5、6染色体上；在抽雄期比拔节期多检测到一个QTL，位于第8染色体上；在成株期检测到4个QTL，分别位于第3、4、5、6染色体上。在夏播玉米苗期1和苗期2，分别于第3、5、6和9染色体上检测到4个QTL；在拔节期1于第3、6染色体上检测到QTL；在拔节期2，于第3、6、9染色体上共检测到3个QTL；抽雄期检测到的QTL数目与拔节期2相同，均在第3、6、9染色体上找到了QTL；在成株期检测到4个QTL，分别位于第3、5、6、9染色体。
Maize dwarf mosaic disease caused by sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a worldwide disease and is also one of the most important diseases in the China corn belt. Developing disease-resistant varieties is the most economic and efficient approach to control the disease. To explore SCMV-resistant genes and the linked markers in Chinese maize germplasm by moleculer marker technology will offer useful information for setting strategy to facilitate disease-resistant breeding efforts efficiently. In this study, F2 and F3 populations derived from the cross (X178 X B73), were used for linkage map construction by molecular markers SSR and AFLP and evaluation of disease resistance, respectively. In spring and summer crops, the 216 F3 families were evaluated for SCMV resistance at seedling, elongation, anthesis and adult stages under artificial inoculation, respectively. The QTL relevant to disease resistance and effects were analyzed with composite interval mapping. The main results were summarized as follows:
(1) A genetic linkage map was constructed with 134 SSR markers and 119 AFLP markers based on an F2 segregation population (234 individuals ) derived from (XI78 X B73), with a total length of 1659.3 cM and average distance between markers of 6.58 cM. The proportion less than 20 cM between markers accounted for 88.9%.
(2) Based on molecular quantitative genetic analysis, the heritabilities of resistance to SCMV in maize were high in different developmental stages, ranged from 69.2% to 80.0%, which indicates that the resistance to diseases was controlled by multi-genes. Moreover, the correlation analysis presented that disease incidence and index of SCMV at different stages were highly positive correlated; and values became declined with the plant development.
(3) Two hundred and sixteen F3 family lines were sown in Beijing for SCMV evaluation at two periods of spring and summer crops. Using composite interval mapping, 5 QTL were detected across seedling, elongation, anthesis and adult stages in spring crop, located on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, respectively, expressing 4.5% to 32.6% of phenotypic variance. Five QTL were detected across four stages in summer crop, located on chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 6 and 9, respectively, expressing 4.3~40.5% of phenotypic variance.
(4 ) The QTL mapping results for resistance to SCMV were related with developmental stages, and the number and location of QTL varied with different stages. For spring crop, 3 QTL of seedling stage were found on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8; 3 QTL on chromosomes 3, 5 and 6 at elongation stage; One more QTL was found on chromosome 8 at anthesis stage than elongation stage; 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 4, 5 and 6 at adult stage. For summer crop, at seedling stage (1 and 2), 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9; at elongation stage 1, 2 QTL were found on chromosomes 3 and 6; at elongation stage 2 and anthesis stage, 3 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 6 and 9, respectively; at adult stage, 4 QTL were found on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 9.
引文
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