山东蝗虫分类研究
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摘要
蝗虫隶属节肢动物门Arthropoda,昆虫纲Insecta,直翅目Orthoptera,镌瓣亚目Caelifera,蝗总科Acridoidea。自林奈Linnaeus 1758年倡导使用双名法命名动植物以来,全世界记载蝗虫2364属12000余种,我国有283属1200余种。
山东省是我国的农业大省,也是全国的重点蝗区,蝗虫种类众多、分布广泛、危害严重。蝗灾是一种毁灭性的农业生物灾害,是三大自然灾害之一。山东省陆地总面积15.67万㎞ 2,约占全国总面积的1.6%,但蝗区面积0.57万㎞ 2约占全国的50%,分布在8个市31个县(市、区)。每年给我省的农业、畜牧业、养殖业的生产带来巨大的损失。要控制蝗灾首先要识别种类,并研究其发生规律,提出因地制宜的防治措施,因此蝗虫的分类在学术上和生产上均有重要意义。
山东省自然生态环境复杂,构成了蝗虫发生种类、分布的差异。除危害最严重的东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835)外,还有其他种类众多的土蝗危害水稻、麦苗、玉米,芦苇、牧草、果树和蔬菜。对农副生产造成威胁的优势种还有:笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis I.Bolivar, 1905、花胫绿纹蝗Aiolopus tamulus (Fabricius, 1798)、中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis (Thunberg, 1815)、斑角蔗蝗Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki, 1910)、黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Saussure, 1884、棉蝗Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer, 1773)等等。根据季节的不同,每个地区除共有的优势种外,还有特有的优势种危害不同的农副产品。研究清楚山东省蝗虫的种类分布对蝗虫的防治有积极的意义。
本研究用采集于山东省各个地区的蝗虫标本和山东农业大学植物保护学院馆藏标本,对比蝗虫分类文献、资料鉴定标本种类。每种选取一对,还软、整姿、展翅、固定制成针插干制标本。用数码相机照相,根据种类的不同在微型计算机上用图形软件Photoshop编辑组合,制成显示不同分类特征的鉴定图谱。
经过近年来的调查研究共发现3新种:网翅蝗科Arcypteridae网翅蝗属Arcyptera 1新种(黄条网翅蝗Arcyptera flavivittata Yin & Mo, 2009)、雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种(泰山雏蝗Chorthippus taishanensis sp. nov.);斑翅蝗科0edipodidae束颈蝗属Sphingonotus 1新种(蓝胫束颈蝗Sphingonotus cyaneitibialis sp. nov.),新增分布区域10余处。
山东省蝗总科现已查明有7科,31属,55种分属于:癞蝗科Pamphagidae 1属,1种,锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae 1属,2种,斑腿蝗科Catantopidae 8属,14种,斑翅蝗科0edipodidae 10属,16种,网翅蝗科Arcypteridae 5属,14种,槌角蝗科Gomphoceridae 1属,1种,剑角蝗科Acrididae 5属,7种。
本文在调查山东的蝗虫分布种类、分布地点的基础上,对山东省蝗虫的已知55种蝗虫进行全面、系统、详细的描述,附有7幅科,亚科,属,种之间的分类关系图;31幅55种的山东省17地市的分布地点图;32幅显示分类特征的图谱。用图谱的形式记录蝗虫种类的鉴定方式,可帮助植保技术人员、院校师生、昆虫爱好者更好的识别蝗虫种类。这将为我省蝗虫的识别和鉴定提供极大的方便。
The grasshoppers belong to the Acridoidea, Caelifera, Orthoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda. At present, about 12000 species of grasshoppers belonging to 2364 genera were found in the world, among them 1200 species or so belonging to 283 genera distributed in China.
Located in the east part of China, Shandong is a big agricultural province, also an important locust and grasshopper occurrence area in China, among which Locusta migratoria maniliensis (Meyen, 1835), Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888, Atractomorpha sinensis I.Bolivar, 1905, Aiolopus tamulus (Fabricius, 1798), Oxya chinensis (Thunberg, 1815), Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki, 1910), Oedaleus infernalis Saussure, 1884, Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer, 1773) are important insect pests to agriculture or pasture. As we all know, Locusta migratoria maniliensis (Meyen, 1835) is a very famous pest of China in history. So it is important to comprehensively study the taxonomy of the grasshoppers, which help to control or use some grasshoppers.
Based on the published works, Fauna of China (Xia et al, 1994; Zheng et al, 1998;Yin et al, 2003; Li et al, 2006) and The grasshoppers of Shandong (Sun and Yan 1999), 7 families, 31 genera and 52 species of grasshoppers distributed in Shandong Province. During the identification of grasshopper specimens collected from Shandong Province from 2008 to 2009, three new species of grasshoppers in science, i.e. Arcyptera flavivittata Yin & Mo, 2009, Chorthippus taishanensis sp. nov. and Sphingonotus cyaneitibialis sp. nov., were found.
All known species and the three new species of grasshoppers from Shandong were described in this paper with detailed character figures and distribution maps for each species in Shandong. The keys to families, subfamilies, genera and species of grasshoppers were also given in this paper.
山东省是我国的农业大省,也是全国的重点蝗区,蝗虫种类众多、分布广泛、危害严重。蝗灾是一种毁灭性的农业生物灾害,是三大自然灾害之一。山东省陆地总面积15.67万㎞ 2,约占全国总面积的1.6%,但蝗区面积0.57万㎞ 2约占全国的50%,分布在8个市31个县(市、区)。每年给我省的农业、畜牧业、养殖业的生产带来巨大的损失。要控制蝗灾首先要识别种类,并研究其发生规律,提出因地制宜的防治措施,因此蝗虫的分类在学术上和生产上均有重要意义。
山东省自然生态环境复杂,构成了蝗虫发生种类、分布的差异。除危害最严重的东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835)外,还有其他种类众多的土蝗危害水稻、麦苗、玉米,芦苇、牧草、果树和蔬菜。对农副生产造成威胁的优势种还有:笨蝗Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888、短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis I.Bolivar, 1905、花胫绿纹蝗Aiolopus tamulus (Fabricius, 1798)、中华稻蝗Oxya chinensis (Thunberg, 1815)、斑角蔗蝗Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki, 1910)、黄胫小车蝗Oedaleus infernalis Saussure, 1884、棉蝗Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer, 1773)等等。根据季节的不同,每个地区除共有的优势种外,还有特有的优势种危害不同的农副产品。研究清楚山东省蝗虫的种类分布对蝗虫的防治有积极的意义。
本研究用采集于山东省各个地区的蝗虫标本和山东农业大学植物保护学院馆藏标本,对比蝗虫分类文献、资料鉴定标本种类。每种选取一对,还软、整姿、展翅、固定制成针插干制标本。用数码相机照相,根据种类的不同在微型计算机上用图形软件Photoshop编辑组合,制成显示不同分类特征的鉴定图谱。
经过近年来的调查研究共发现3新种:网翅蝗科Arcypteridae网翅蝗属Arcyptera 1新种(黄条网翅蝗Arcyptera flavivittata Yin & Mo, 2009)、雏蝗属Chorthippus 1新种(泰山雏蝗Chorthippus taishanensis sp. nov.);斑翅蝗科0edipodidae束颈蝗属Sphingonotus 1新种(蓝胫束颈蝗Sphingonotus cyaneitibialis sp. nov.),新增分布区域10余处。
山东省蝗总科现已查明有7科,31属,55种分属于:癞蝗科Pamphagidae 1属,1种,锥头蝗科Pyrgomorphidae 1属,2种,斑腿蝗科Catantopidae 8属,14种,斑翅蝗科0edipodidae 10属,16种,网翅蝗科Arcypteridae 5属,14种,槌角蝗科Gomphoceridae 1属,1种,剑角蝗科Acrididae 5属,7种。
本文在调查山东的蝗虫分布种类、分布地点的基础上,对山东省蝗虫的已知55种蝗虫进行全面、系统、详细的描述,附有7幅科,亚科,属,种之间的分类关系图;31幅55种的山东省17地市的分布地点图;32幅显示分类特征的图谱。用图谱的形式记录蝗虫种类的鉴定方式,可帮助植保技术人员、院校师生、昆虫爱好者更好的识别蝗虫种类。这将为我省蝗虫的识别和鉴定提供极大的方便。
The grasshoppers belong to the Acridoidea, Caelifera, Orthoptera, Insecta, Arthropoda. At present, about 12000 species of grasshoppers belonging to 2364 genera were found in the world, among them 1200 species or so belonging to 283 genera distributed in China.
Located in the east part of China, Shandong is a big agricultural province, also an important locust and grasshopper occurrence area in China, among which Locusta migratoria maniliensis (Meyen, 1835), Haplotropis brunneriana Saussure, 1888, Atractomorpha sinensis I.Bolivar, 1905, Aiolopus tamulus (Fabricius, 1798), Oxya chinensis (Thunberg, 1815), Hieroglyphus annulicornis (Shiraki, 1910), Oedaleus infernalis Saussure, 1884, Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer, 1773) are important insect pests to agriculture or pasture. As we all know, Locusta migratoria maniliensis (Meyen, 1835) is a very famous pest of China in history. So it is important to comprehensively study the taxonomy of the grasshoppers, which help to control or use some grasshoppers.
Based on the published works, Fauna of China (Xia et al, 1994; Zheng et al, 1998;Yin et al, 2003; Li et al, 2006) and The grasshoppers of Shandong (Sun and Yan 1999), 7 families, 31 genera and 52 species of grasshoppers distributed in Shandong Province. During the identification of grasshopper specimens collected from Shandong Province from 2008 to 2009, three new species of grasshoppers in science, i.e. Arcyptera flavivittata Yin & Mo, 2009, Chorthippus taishanensis sp. nov. and Sphingonotus cyaneitibialis sp. nov., were found.
All known species and the three new species of grasshoppers from Shandong were described in this paper with detailed character figures and distribution maps for each species in Shandong. The keys to families, subfamilies, genera and species of grasshoppers were also given in this paper.
引文
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