西藏中拉萨地块申扎岩浆岩的年代学和地球化学
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摘要
拉萨地块中北部地区发育大量中生代火山岩和相关花岗岩类,其岩石成因和形成的构造背景一直存在争议。本文报道了中拉萨地块中部申扎地区的则弄群火山岩和相关花岗岩类的地质年代学、全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素,试图为这一问题的解决提供更多的答案。
申扎地区的岩浆岩包括侵入岩和火山岩两种类型。侵入岩主要包括寄主花岗闪长岩、辉长质包体、闪长质包体。火山岩主要为白垩系则弄群的玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩系列,且以英安岩为主,玄武岩很少。
锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP法定年结果显示:侵入岩中花岗闪长质寄主岩年龄为113 Ma,闪长质包体为111 Ma;火山岩中瓦昂错西北两件英安岩样品年龄分别为117 Ma和111 Ma,申扎县城西南则弄群一件英安岩样品年龄为112 Ma,格仁错西岸则弄群两件英安岩样品年龄均为114 Ma。全部样品均为早白垩世年龄,且对拉萨地块中北部中生代已有岩浆岩的年龄统计显示,拉萨地块中北部存在～113 Ma的岩浆作用峰期。
申扎地区岩浆岩的地球化学特征显示出明显的分组性。全部侵入岩样品和绝大多数火山岩样品均为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。全部岩石样品均显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、弱至明显的负铕异常;Rb、Th、U等元素富集,Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr等亏损。中酸性岩石相对中基性岩石表现出了更强的富集或亏损特征,所有样品均明显区别于岛弧环境岩浆岩的微量元素地球化学特征。Sr-Nd同位素方面,中酸性岩石大多显示富集的同位素特征(εNd (t)值为-13.6～-9.1),可能代表了中拉萨地块古老地壳基底重熔的产物,而中基性岩石大多表现出相对亏损的特征(εNd (t)值为-4.1～﹢0.6),可能为古老壳源物质中混入了幔源组分或新生地壳物质。锆石Hf同位素样品全部为中酸性岩石样品,所有样品均给出了负的εHf (t)值(-13.9～-3.7)和相对古老的Hf模式年龄(1440～2057 Ma)。结合区域Hf同位素对比,表明以申扎地区为代表的中拉萨地块具有太古代的地壳结晶基底。
申扎地区岩浆岩为新生地壳或幔源组分与古老地壳混合成因。以申扎岩浆岩为代表的拉萨地块中北部的大规模早白垩世(～113 Ma)岩浆作用是在班公湖-怒江洋洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲,在早白垩世时折返继而断离( slab break-off ),引起软流圈上涌的背景下产生的。申扎地区岩浆岩中的基性岩石普遍具有板内玄武岩的地球化学特征很好的符合了板片断离这一模型。
There are manny Mesozoic volcanic rocks and associated granitoids in the north and central Lhasa area, their petrogenesis and geological setting is is still ongoing debate up to now. This dissertation reports the data of chronology, bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the magmatic rocks in the Xainza region of Central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet, aiming to provide more answers for the solving of this question.
The magmatic rocks in the Xainza region include two types, intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks. The intrusive rocks include granodiorite, gabbroic enclaves and dioritic enclaves. The volcanic rocks mainly are basalt - andesite– dacite in Cretaceous Zeno group, and dacite have a majority, basalt are less.
The result of zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP dating indicate: the age of host granodiorite is 113 Ma and dioritic enclave is 111 Ma; the age of two dacite sample which located northwest of Waang Lake are 117 Ma and 111 Ma respectively, and the age of one dactie sample which located sourtheast of Xainza town is 112 Ma, and the age of two dacite sample which located the west shore of Geren Lake are both 114 Ma. All the age of the samples are Early Cretaceous, we collect the ages of the present Mesozoic magmatic rocks, and the statistical result indicates that the magmatic flare-up at～113 Ma occurred in the central and northern Lhasa Terrane.
The geochemistry feature of the Xainza magmatic rocks divided into significant two groups. All the intrusive rocks and most of the volcanic rocks are metaluminous, medium- to high-K calc-alkaline rocks. All the samples are enriched in light REE and depleted in heavy REE,most samples show well-developed to weak negative Eu anomalies; Rb, Th, U are enriched and Ba, Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr are depleted. Intermediate-acidic rocks have stronger enriched and depleted feature compar to intermediate-basic rocks. Most intermediate-acidic rocks display enriched Sr-Nd isotopic feature (εNd (t) values are -13.6～-9.1) which may represent the anatexis of the ancient Central Lhasa basement, and most intermediate-basic rocks display relative depleted feature (εNd (t) values are -4.1～﹢0.6) which may represent the ancient crust basement that mixed with mantle materials or juvenile crust materials. All the zircon Hf isotopic samples are intermediate-acidic rocks, all samples indicate negativeεHf (t) values (-13.9～-3.7) and relative old Hf modal ages (1440～2057 Ma). Combined with regional Hf isotopic date, central Lhasa Terrane have an Archean crust basement.
The petrogenesis of the magmatic rocks in Xainza are juvenile crust or mantle materials mixing with the old crust. The Xainza magmatic rocks and the great Early Cretacesous magmatism at～113 Ma in the north and central Lhasa Terrane are formed in a setting of south subducton of Bangong-Nujiang sea floor and following slab rollback and break-off which caused the rising asthenosphere materials The basic rocks in Xainza magmatic rocks generally have the geochemical affinity of within-plate basalts, this feature is consistent with the modal of slab break-off.
申扎地区的岩浆岩包括侵入岩和火山岩两种类型。侵入岩主要包括寄主花岗闪长岩、辉长质包体、闪长质包体。火山岩主要为白垩系则弄群的玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩系列,且以英安岩为主,玄武岩很少。
锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP法定年结果显示:侵入岩中花岗闪长质寄主岩年龄为113 Ma,闪长质包体为111 Ma;火山岩中瓦昂错西北两件英安岩样品年龄分别为117 Ma和111 Ma,申扎县城西南则弄群一件英安岩样品年龄为112 Ma,格仁错西岸则弄群两件英安岩样品年龄均为114 Ma。全部样品均为早白垩世年龄,且对拉萨地块中北部中生代已有岩浆岩的年龄统计显示,拉萨地块中北部存在～113 Ma的岩浆作用峰期。
申扎地区岩浆岩的地球化学特征显示出明显的分组性。全部侵入岩样品和绝大多数火山岩样品均为钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列偏铝质岩石。全部岩石样品均显示轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损、弱至明显的负铕异常;Rb、Th、U等元素富集,Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、Sr等亏损。中酸性岩石相对中基性岩石表现出了更强的富集或亏损特征,所有样品均明显区别于岛弧环境岩浆岩的微量元素地球化学特征。Sr-Nd同位素方面,中酸性岩石大多显示富集的同位素特征(εNd (t)值为-13.6～-9.1),可能代表了中拉萨地块古老地壳基底重熔的产物,而中基性岩石大多表现出相对亏损的特征(εNd (t)值为-4.1～﹢0.6),可能为古老壳源物质中混入了幔源组分或新生地壳物质。锆石Hf同位素样品全部为中酸性岩石样品,所有样品均给出了负的εHf (t)值(-13.9～-3.7)和相对古老的Hf模式年龄(1440～2057 Ma)。结合区域Hf同位素对比,表明以申扎地区为代表的中拉萨地块具有太古代的地壳结晶基底。
申扎地区岩浆岩为新生地壳或幔源组分与古老地壳混合成因。以申扎岩浆岩为代表的拉萨地块中北部的大规模早白垩世(～113 Ma)岩浆作用是在班公湖-怒江洋洋壳岩石圈向南俯冲,在早白垩世时折返继而断离( slab break-off ),引起软流圈上涌的背景下产生的。申扎地区岩浆岩中的基性岩石普遍具有板内玄武岩的地球化学特征很好的符合了板片断离这一模型。
There are manny Mesozoic volcanic rocks and associated granitoids in the north and central Lhasa area, their petrogenesis and geological setting is is still ongoing debate up to now. This dissertation reports the data of chronology, bulk-rock major element, trace element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the magmatic rocks in the Xainza region of Central Lhasa Terrane, Tibet, aiming to provide more answers for the solving of this question.
The magmatic rocks in the Xainza region include two types, intrusive rocks and volcanic rocks. The intrusive rocks include granodiorite, gabbroic enclaves and dioritic enclaves. The volcanic rocks mainly are basalt - andesite– dacite in Cretaceous Zeno group, and dacite have a majority, basalt are less.
The result of zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP dating indicate: the age of host granodiorite is 113 Ma and dioritic enclave is 111 Ma; the age of two dacite sample which located northwest of Waang Lake are 117 Ma and 111 Ma respectively, and the age of one dactie sample which located sourtheast of Xainza town is 112 Ma, and the age of two dacite sample which located the west shore of Geren Lake are both 114 Ma. All the age of the samples are Early Cretaceous, we collect the ages of the present Mesozoic magmatic rocks, and the statistical result indicates that the magmatic flare-up at～113 Ma occurred in the central and northern Lhasa Terrane.
The geochemistry feature of the Xainza magmatic rocks divided into significant two groups. All the intrusive rocks and most of the volcanic rocks are metaluminous, medium- to high-K calc-alkaline rocks. All the samples are enriched in light REE and depleted in heavy REE,most samples show well-developed to weak negative Eu anomalies; Rb, Th, U are enriched and Ba, Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr are depleted. Intermediate-acidic rocks have stronger enriched and depleted feature compar to intermediate-basic rocks. Most intermediate-acidic rocks display enriched Sr-Nd isotopic feature (εNd (t) values are -13.6～-9.1) which may represent the anatexis of the ancient Central Lhasa basement, and most intermediate-basic rocks display relative depleted feature (εNd (t) values are -4.1～﹢0.6) which may represent the ancient crust basement that mixed with mantle materials or juvenile crust materials. All the zircon Hf isotopic samples are intermediate-acidic rocks, all samples indicate negativeεHf (t) values (-13.9～-3.7) and relative old Hf modal ages (1440～2057 Ma). Combined with regional Hf isotopic date, central Lhasa Terrane have an Archean crust basement.
The petrogenesis of the magmatic rocks in Xainza are juvenile crust or mantle materials mixing with the old crust. The Xainza magmatic rocks and the great Early Cretacesous magmatism at～113 Ma in the north and central Lhasa Terrane are formed in a setting of south subducton of Bangong-Nujiang sea floor and following slab rollback and break-off which caused the rising asthenosphere materials The basic rocks in Xainza magmatic rocks generally have the geochemical affinity of within-plate basalts, this feature is consistent with the modal of slab break-off.
引文
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