胶州湾微微型浮游植物的时空分布
摘要
微微型浮游植物是指粒径大小介于0.22μm和3μm之间的浮游植物,广泛存在于世界各大海域,包括微微型光合原核浮游植物和微微型真核浮游植物。他们是海洋微生物群落的重要组成部分,是海洋食物网中的重要生产者,在维持海洋生态系统的稳定,推动海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动方面起着十分重要的作用。对微微型浮游生物在不同的海域不同环境的丰度进行分析研究,可以掌握微微型浮游生物的分布规律以及生态学地位,这为将来探讨人类活动对海洋环境、海洋微生物多样性的影响奠定基础,为环境评价等提供数据参考及理论依据。
胶州湾是一个深入青岛市辖区陆域的半封闭内湾,湾口与黄海相连,有多条河流汇集于此,由于其特殊的地理环境该海域受人类活动的影响较大,是中国沿海具有一定代表性的海域。本文利用流式细胞仪对胶州湾微微型浮游植物的丰度进行了研究,检测到了聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物,未检测到原绿球藻。其中,聚球藻的丰度在1.317×103个mL~（-1）~3.26×104个mL~（-1）之间,高值区分布在湾内远岸海域;各季节表层聚球藻丰度始终高于底层,垂直分布差异较为明显;夏季各水层丰度变化波动较大,但变化频率一致,在中午和夜间分别出现两个峰值;四季丰度分布情况为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。微微型真核浮游植物的丰度分布在1.028×103个mL~（-1）~3.651×104个mL~（-1）范围内,主要活跃于在近岸海域;在四个季节表层和底层的丰度差异不明显;夏季表层、10m层以及底层的丰度波动明显,变化规律较一致;四个季节的丰度变化规律为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季。本实验测得的胶州湾微微型浮游植物四个季节的丰度分布情况与已报道的青岛近海、北黄海以及同纬度大洋海域的微微型浮游植物丰度时空分布规律一致,但是本实验检测到胶州湾的聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物的丰度值普遍较高。分析其原因主要是胶州湾深入市区,有多条河流汇流于此,且在水位较浅的海域布有水产养殖区,受人类活动的影响胶州湾内营养盐浓度普遍较高。
Picophytoplankton (varying from 0.22to0.3μm) including prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes are widely distributed in the oceans all over the world .They are important portions of plankton an play an crucial role in the maintaining of stablilty of ecosystem in the ocean and the carbon flow an energy flow.Studying of the abundance and diversity of picophytopla- nkton in different locations and environment will help in the understanding of the rules of the distribution and the ecological status of picophytoplankton.And the knowledge if abundance and diversity of picophytoplankton will help us to make a solid foundation tof marine environment and learn about the impact of human activities on biological diversity .
Jiaozhou bay is a semi-enclosed sea in Qingdao city ,connected with the Yellow Sea, brought together a number of rivers here. Due to the special geographical environment ,it’s a typical maritime space in chinese territorial waters . By using flow cytometry,we studied the abundance of picophytoplankton in this area. And it turns out, Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes both had rich quantities,while Prochlorococcus was not detected . In the four seasons , the abundance of Synechococcus was about 1.317×103 particles mL~（-1）~ 5.326×104 particles mL~（-1）,the maximum value showed in summer and located in the far-shore waters of the Bay; the abundance of Synechococcus living on the surface was always higher than those in the bottom, and there was obvious difference in vertical distribution; The abundance of Synechococcus fluctuated in nycthemeron , in different layers they changes in the same frequency, two peaks showed in noon and night respectively.The quantity of Picoeukaryotes ranged from 1.028×103 particles mL~（-1）to 3.651×104 particles mL~（-1）, in spring the number jumped to its highest,and we also found the Picoeukaryotes were mainly active in the coastal waters; In four seasons there was no significant difference between the abundances of Picoeukaryotes living on surface and in bottom;The abundance of Picoeukaryotes over day and night also varied distinctly .
The distribution of Picophytoplankton in Jizaozhou Bay we got from this experiment is all about the same with that of Picophytoplankton in Qingdao coastal waters, the North Yellow Sea and the ocean on the same latitude,while the population quantity of Picophytoplankton is larger.The main reason is about Jiaozhou Bay located in urban area ,that impact of the human activities change the hyraulic index of the waters.
胶州湾是一个深入青岛市辖区陆域的半封闭内湾,湾口与黄海相连,有多条河流汇集于此,由于其特殊的地理环境该海域受人类活动的影响较大,是中国沿海具有一定代表性的海域。本文利用流式细胞仪对胶州湾微微型浮游植物的丰度进行了研究,检测到了聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物,未检测到原绿球藻。其中,聚球藻的丰度在1.317×103个mL~（-1）~3.26×104个mL~（-1）之间,高值区分布在湾内远岸海域;各季节表层聚球藻丰度始终高于底层,垂直分布差异较为明显;夏季各水层丰度变化波动较大,但变化频率一致,在中午和夜间分别出现两个峰值;四季丰度分布情况为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季。微微型真核浮游植物的丰度分布在1.028×103个mL~（-1）~3.651×104个mL~（-1）范围内,主要活跃于在近岸海域;在四个季节表层和底层的丰度差异不明显;夏季表层、10m层以及底层的丰度波动明显,变化规律较一致;四个季节的丰度变化规律为春季>秋季>夏季>冬季。本实验测得的胶州湾微微型浮游植物四个季节的丰度分布情况与已报道的青岛近海、北黄海以及同纬度大洋海域的微微型浮游植物丰度时空分布规律一致,但是本实验检测到胶州湾的聚球藻和微微型真核浮游植物的丰度值普遍较高。分析其原因主要是胶州湾深入市区,有多条河流汇流于此,且在水位较浅的海域布有水产养殖区,受人类活动的影响胶州湾内营养盐浓度普遍较高。
Picophytoplankton (varying from 0.22to0.3μm) including prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes are widely distributed in the oceans all over the world .They are important portions of plankton an play an crucial role in the maintaining of stablilty of ecosystem in the ocean and the carbon flow an energy flow.Studying of the abundance and diversity of picophytopla- nkton in different locations and environment will help in the understanding of the rules of the distribution and the ecological status of picophytoplankton.And the knowledge if abundance and diversity of picophytoplankton will help us to make a solid foundation tof marine environment and learn about the impact of human activities on biological diversity .
Jiaozhou bay is a semi-enclosed sea in Qingdao city ,connected with the Yellow Sea, brought together a number of rivers here. Due to the special geographical environment ,it’s a typical maritime space in chinese territorial waters . By using flow cytometry,we studied the abundance of picophytoplankton in this area. And it turns out, Synechococcus and Picoeukaryotes both had rich quantities,while Prochlorococcus was not detected . In the four seasons , the abundance of Synechococcus was about 1.317×103 particles mL~（-1）~ 5.326×104 particles mL~（-1）,the maximum value showed in summer and located in the far-shore waters of the Bay; the abundance of Synechococcus living on the surface was always higher than those in the bottom, and there was obvious difference in vertical distribution; The abundance of Synechococcus fluctuated in nycthemeron , in different layers they changes in the same frequency, two peaks showed in noon and night respectively.The quantity of Picoeukaryotes ranged from 1.028×103 particles mL~（-1）to 3.651×104 particles mL~（-1）, in spring the number jumped to its highest,and we also found the Picoeukaryotes were mainly active in the coastal waters; In four seasons there was no significant difference between the abundances of Picoeukaryotes living on surface and in bottom;The abundance of Picoeukaryotes over day and night also varied distinctly .
The distribution of Picophytoplankton in Jizaozhou Bay we got from this experiment is all about the same with that of Picophytoplankton in Qingdao coastal waters, the North Yellow Sea and the ocean on the same latitude,while the population quantity of Picophytoplankton is larger.The main reason is about Jiaozhou Bay located in urban area ,that impact of the human activities change the hyraulic index of the waters.
引文
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