水平介质浮选柱的流体力学特征研究及应用
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摘要
近年来,浮选柱比以往更多地被应用于金属矿物、煤炭、非金属及化工矿物分选。水平介质浮选柱是一种新型浮选柱,为了明确其流体力学特征与浮选性能的关系,需要加强对水平介质浮选柱的流体力学理论研究。本论文中利用φ100×2000mm水平介质浮选柱系统研究了操作参数、液相性质以及柱体结构等因素对水平浮选柱流体力学特征参数的影响。利用自制探针检测了水平介质对浮选柱气速分布的影响。根据系统参数,推导出数学模型并进行了模拟,最后利用该系统在实验室中进行了实际矿石的选矿试验。研究结果表明：
(1)气泡行为的主要影响因素是表观气速、表面活性剂、充填介质,其次是矿浆浓度和矿物细度,表观液速影响最小；表面活性剂和水平介质会减小气泡尺寸,但作用机理和减小的幅度不同；浮选柱存在表面积通量最大区间,综合控制起泡剂、水平介质数目和表观气速可以获得更高的气泡群表面积通量；
(2)φ100×2000mm水平介质浮选柱存在最佳水平介质数量,加入水平介质能减弱紊流强度,使气速分布更加均匀；
(3)浮选柱捕集区流体力学模拟和计算表明,气速和液速是生产过程中最主要的操作参数,以气速影响最大。减小液相的轴向返混会能大幅提高捕集区浮选回收率。气、液速的分布均匀程度也会影响到捕集区的浮选回收率,而气速的分布均匀程度对回收率的影响远大于液速分布均匀程度的影响；
(4)利用实验室型φ100×2000mm水平介质浮选柱对某铝土矿进行了浮选柱浮选条件试验,取得了铝硅比10.57,回收率85.63%的精矿指标。
Flotation column had been used to beneficiate metal minerals, coal, non-metallic metal and chemical mineral more than ever. The Level Packed Flotation Column is new separation equipment, In order to identify the relationship between hydrodynamics characteristics and flotation performance of Level Packed Flotation Column, it's necessary to study the theory of Level Packed Flotation Column. In this paper, we studied the relationship between gas holdup and relevant factors, examined the effects of packing medium on gas velocity distribution of flotation column. A mathematical model was derived and simulated based on the parameters of test system. The test system was used to separate bauxite also. The results show that:
(1) Superficial gas velocity, frother and the number of packed medium had a great effect on gas holdup, which were the major consideration of flotation column design and operation. The pulp density and superficial liquid velocity had a smaller effect on gas holdup, and the effect on gas holdup could be ignored. Both the frother and packed medium could reduce the bubble size, which showed difference in mechanisms. The largest surface area flux existed in flotation column, which could be obtained by controlling frother, packing medium number and superficial gas velocity. The optimal level packed medium number in flotation column could be obtained through test also.
(2) The increase of superficial gas velocity would promote the bubble turbulence intensity in flotation column, but the level packing medium could reduce the bubble turbulence intensity in flotation column, which made the gas velocity distribution more uniform.
(3) The simulation and calculations of flotation column collection zone hydrodynamics showed that gas velocity and liquid velocity were the main operating parameters in production process, gas velocity was most important. Reducing the axial liquid back mixing could promote the recovery effectively. The distribution of gas and liquid velocity could affect flotation recovery, while the uniformity of gas velocity distribution had a great effect on flotation recovery, which is far greater than the liquid velocity distribution.
(4) Using a lab.Φ100×2000mm level packed medium floatation column separated bauxite and phosphate rock, and achieved a concentrate,A/S more than 10.57, recovery of 85.63%.
(1)气泡行为的主要影响因素是表观气速、表面活性剂、充填介质,其次是矿浆浓度和矿物细度,表观液速影响最小；表面活性剂和水平介质会减小气泡尺寸,但作用机理和减小的幅度不同；浮选柱存在表面积通量最大区间,综合控制起泡剂、水平介质数目和表观气速可以获得更高的气泡群表面积通量；
(2)φ100×2000mm水平介质浮选柱存在最佳水平介质数量,加入水平介质能减弱紊流强度,使气速分布更加均匀；
(3)浮选柱捕集区流体力学模拟和计算表明,气速和液速是生产过程中最主要的操作参数,以气速影响最大。减小液相的轴向返混会能大幅提高捕集区浮选回收率。气、液速的分布均匀程度也会影响到捕集区的浮选回收率,而气速的分布均匀程度对回收率的影响远大于液速分布均匀程度的影响；
(4)利用实验室型φ100×2000mm水平介质浮选柱对某铝土矿进行了浮选柱浮选条件试验,取得了铝硅比10.57,回收率85.63%的精矿指标。
Flotation column had been used to beneficiate metal minerals, coal, non-metallic metal and chemical mineral more than ever. The Level Packed Flotation Column is new separation equipment, In order to identify the relationship between hydrodynamics characteristics and flotation performance of Level Packed Flotation Column, it's necessary to study the theory of Level Packed Flotation Column. In this paper, we studied the relationship between gas holdup and relevant factors, examined the effects of packing medium on gas velocity distribution of flotation column. A mathematical model was derived and simulated based on the parameters of test system. The test system was used to separate bauxite also. The results show that:
(1) Superficial gas velocity, frother and the number of packed medium had a great effect on gas holdup, which were the major consideration of flotation column design and operation. The pulp density and superficial liquid velocity had a smaller effect on gas holdup, and the effect on gas holdup could be ignored. Both the frother and packed medium could reduce the bubble size, which showed difference in mechanisms. The largest surface area flux existed in flotation column, which could be obtained by controlling frother, packing medium number and superficial gas velocity. The optimal level packed medium number in flotation column could be obtained through test also.
(2) The increase of superficial gas velocity would promote the bubble turbulence intensity in flotation column, but the level packing medium could reduce the bubble turbulence intensity in flotation column, which made the gas velocity distribution more uniform.
(3) The simulation and calculations of flotation column collection zone hydrodynamics showed that gas velocity and liquid velocity were the main operating parameters in production process, gas velocity was most important. Reducing the axial liquid back mixing could promote the recovery effectively. The distribution of gas and liquid velocity could affect flotation recovery, while the uniformity of gas velocity distribution had a great effect on flotation recovery, which is far greater than the liquid velocity distribution.
(4) Using a lab.Φ100×2000mm level packed medium floatation column separated bauxite and phosphate rock, and achieved a concentrate,A/S more than 10.57, recovery of 85.63%.
引文
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