基于AHP和PCA的松嫩草地耐盐植物适生性定量评价
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摘要
选择合适的植物是盐碱草地改良的重要基础,为准确评价不同植物在松嫩盐碱草地的适生性,我们建立了一套适宜于松嫩盐碱草地的植物适生性综合评价体系。首先我们在典型松嫩盐碱草地建立了耐盐植物资源圃,在资源圃内选择了16种耐盐植物并设置研究样地。构建了以AHP(层次分析)为结构的综合评价体系。体系目标层为评价松嫩草地耐盐碱植物适生性；准则层为土壤改良效果、经济价值指数和生物生态效益；子准则层为土壤化学性质、土壤物理性质、直接经济指数、间接经济指数、生长指标和生态效益。子准则层分别采用AHP法和PCA(主成分分析)法进行评价,比较并选择较优的方法得出子准则层评价值。准则层的得分由子准则层按AHP法合成,适生性总评值由准则层得分按AHP法合成。指标层包括共29个因子。因子计算综合使用了改良功效系数、克里格插值及部分地统计学和GIS技术,并针对松嫩盐碱草地的特点对各种方法和技术进行了改进。
评价结果显示：
1、在对土壤改良效果进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法所得到的结果有明显差异。通过对两种方法计算过程的分析,认为AHP法比PCA更加合理准确。土壤改良效果评价值排名为：菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)>高丹草(Sorghum bicolor xSorghum sudanense)>四翅滨藜(Atyiplex canescen)>御谷(Pennisetum mezianum)>鹅观草(Roegneria tsukushiensis)>狗尾草(Setaria viridis)>千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)>谷稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)>鹅头稗(Echinochloa frumentacea)>沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)>马蔺(Iris lactea)>披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)>籽粒苋(Amarathus hypochondriacus)>罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)>紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)>小叶锦鸡儿((Caragana microphylla)。
2、在对经济价值价值指数进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法的结果差异较大。结合经济价值指数的特点,通过测试两种体系的敏感性,认为PCA更优。经济价值指数评价值排名为：菊芋>高丹草>籽粒苋>鹅观草>披碱草>狗尾草>谷稗>千屈菜>马蔺>御谷>沙打旺>紫羊茅>鹅头稗>小叶锦鸡儿>罗布麻>四翅滨藜
3、在对生物生态效益进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法计算结果基本一致。生物生态效益评价排名为：生物生态效益总评排序为：菊芋>高丹草>谷稗>御谷>鹅头稗>鹅观草>沙打旺>籽粒苋>马蔺>披碱草>狗尾草>紫羊茅>千屈菜>四翅滨藜>罗布麻>小叶锦鸡儿。
4、依据AHP法得到植物适生性总评值,16种植物得分顺序为：
菊芋>高丹草>沙打旺>鹅头稗>谷稗>御谷>籽粒苋>鹅观草>披碱草>狗尾草>紫羊茅>千屈菜>小叶锦鸡儿>四翅滨藜>罗布麻>马蔺。
5、研究发现在对松嫩盐碱草地植物适生性的不同方面进行评价时AHP法和PCA法各有适宜的方面。综合使用改良功效系数、克里格插值及部分地统计学和GIS技术获得指标值时,针对松嫩盐碱草地的特点进行的改进可以取得良好效果。
Choosing high quality plant is the most important issue to improve alkaline-saline grassland. For quantitatively evaluate the adaptability of salt-tolerant plants in Songnen grassland, we established a salt tolerance plant resources garden and then planted16salt-tolerant plants according to the optional salt-tolerant plants list from2007to2009. We then established a comprehensive evaluation system based on AHP. The target layer was to evaluate the adaptability of salt-tolerant plants. Three criterion layers were:Soil improvement effect, Economic value indexes, Biological and ecological benefit. Sub-criterion layers were Biological benefit, Ecological benefit, Soil improvement effect on chemical, Soil improvement effect on physical, properies direct economic index and Indirect economic index. The values of sub-criterion layer were obtained by both AHP and PCA. The index layer includes29indexes. We standardized the data by improved efficiency coefficient, and some indexes were obtained by Geostatistics and GIS.
The results showed:
1AHP is a better way to obtain the value of Soil improvement effect and the ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus> Sorghum bicolorxSorghum sudanense> Echinochloa crusgallt> Pennisetum mezianum> Echinochloa frumentacea> Roegneria tsukushiensis>Astragalus adsurgens> Amarathus hypochondriacus> Iris lactea>Elymus dahuricus> Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria> Atyiplex canescen> Apocynum venetum> Caragana microphylla.
2We tested the sensitivity and figured out that PCA is the better one when obtain the value of Economic value indexes and the ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus>Amarathus hypochondriacus>Echinochloa frumentacea>Echinochloa crusgalli>Pennisetum mezianum> Astragalus adsurgens>Setaria viridis>Roegneria tsukushiensis>Lythrum salicaria>Elymus dahuricus>Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense>Festuca rubra)>Atyiplex canescen>Iris lactea>Caragana microphylla>Apocynum venetum
3AHP and PCA get a similar result when estimate the value of Biological and ecological benefit and ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus>Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense> Echinochloa crusgalli> Pennisetum mezianum> Echinochloa frumentacea>Roegneria tsukushiensis>Astragalus adsurgens>Amarathus hypochondriacus>Iris lactea>Elymus dahuricus> Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria>Atyiplex canescen>Apocynum venetum> Caragana microphylla
4The ranking list of general comment is:Helianthus tuberosus> Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense>Astragalus adsurgens>Echinochloa frumentacea>Echinochloa crusgalli>Pennisetum mezianum>Amaranthus hypochondriacus>Roegneria tsukushiensis> Elymus dahuricus>Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria>Caragana microphylla> Atriplex canescens>Apocynum venetum>Iris lactea
5AHP and PCA behave advantages respectively. Obtaining index value by Geostatistics and GIS is a good way to study some index particularly to Songnen grassland.
评价结果显示：
1、在对土壤改良效果进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法所得到的结果有明显差异。通过对两种方法计算过程的分析,认为AHP法比PCA更加合理准确。土壤改良效果评价值排名为：菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)>高丹草(Sorghum bicolor xSorghum sudanense)>四翅滨藜(Atyiplex canescen)>御谷(Pennisetum mezianum)>鹅观草(Roegneria tsukushiensis)>狗尾草(Setaria viridis)>千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria)>谷稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)>鹅头稗(Echinochloa frumentacea)>沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)>马蔺(Iris lactea)>披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)>籽粒苋(Amarathus hypochondriacus)>罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)>紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)>小叶锦鸡儿((Caragana microphylla)。
2、在对经济价值价值指数进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法的结果差异较大。结合经济价值指数的特点,通过测试两种体系的敏感性,认为PCA更优。经济价值指数评价值排名为：菊芋>高丹草>籽粒苋>鹅观草>披碱草>狗尾草>谷稗>千屈菜>马蔺>御谷>沙打旺>紫羊茅>鹅头稗>小叶锦鸡儿>罗布麻>四翅滨藜
3、在对生物生态效益进行评价时,AHP法和PCA法计算结果基本一致。生物生态效益评价排名为：生物生态效益总评排序为：菊芋>高丹草>谷稗>御谷>鹅头稗>鹅观草>沙打旺>籽粒苋>马蔺>披碱草>狗尾草>紫羊茅>千屈菜>四翅滨藜>罗布麻>小叶锦鸡儿。
4、依据AHP法得到植物适生性总评值,16种植物得分顺序为：
菊芋>高丹草>沙打旺>鹅头稗>谷稗>御谷>籽粒苋>鹅观草>披碱草>狗尾草>紫羊茅>千屈菜>小叶锦鸡儿>四翅滨藜>罗布麻>马蔺。
5、研究发现在对松嫩盐碱草地植物适生性的不同方面进行评价时AHP法和PCA法各有适宜的方面。综合使用改良功效系数、克里格插值及部分地统计学和GIS技术获得指标值时,针对松嫩盐碱草地的特点进行的改进可以取得良好效果。
Choosing high quality plant is the most important issue to improve alkaline-saline grassland. For quantitatively evaluate the adaptability of salt-tolerant plants in Songnen grassland, we established a salt tolerance plant resources garden and then planted16salt-tolerant plants according to the optional salt-tolerant plants list from2007to2009. We then established a comprehensive evaluation system based on AHP. The target layer was to evaluate the adaptability of salt-tolerant plants. Three criterion layers were:Soil improvement effect, Economic value indexes, Biological and ecological benefit. Sub-criterion layers were Biological benefit, Ecological benefit, Soil improvement effect on chemical, Soil improvement effect on physical, properies direct economic index and Indirect economic index. The values of sub-criterion layer were obtained by both AHP and PCA. The index layer includes29indexes. We standardized the data by improved efficiency coefficient, and some indexes were obtained by Geostatistics and GIS.
The results showed:
1AHP is a better way to obtain the value of Soil improvement effect and the ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus> Sorghum bicolorxSorghum sudanense> Echinochloa crusgallt> Pennisetum mezianum> Echinochloa frumentacea> Roegneria tsukushiensis>Astragalus adsurgens> Amarathus hypochondriacus> Iris lactea>Elymus dahuricus> Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria> Atyiplex canescen> Apocynum venetum> Caragana microphylla.
2We tested the sensitivity and figured out that PCA is the better one when obtain the value of Economic value indexes and the ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus>Amarathus hypochondriacus>Echinochloa frumentacea>Echinochloa crusgalli>Pennisetum mezianum> Astragalus adsurgens>Setaria viridis>Roegneria tsukushiensis>Lythrum salicaria>Elymus dahuricus>Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense>Festuca rubra)>Atyiplex canescen>Iris lactea>Caragana microphylla>Apocynum venetum
3AHP and PCA get a similar result when estimate the value of Biological and ecological benefit and ranking list is:Helianthus tuberosus>Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense> Echinochloa crusgalli> Pennisetum mezianum> Echinochloa frumentacea>Roegneria tsukushiensis>Astragalus adsurgens>Amarathus hypochondriacus>Iris lactea>Elymus dahuricus> Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria>Atyiplex canescen>Apocynum venetum> Caragana microphylla
4The ranking list of general comment is:Helianthus tuberosus> Sorghum bicolor×Sorghum sudanense>Astragalus adsurgens>Echinochloa frumentacea>Echinochloa crusgalli>Pennisetum mezianum>Amaranthus hypochondriacus>Roegneria tsukushiensis> Elymus dahuricus>Setaria viridis>Festuca rubra>Lythrum salicaria>Caragana microphylla> Atriplex canescens>Apocynum venetum>Iris lactea
5AHP and PCA behave advantages respectively. Obtaining index value by Geostatistics and GIS is a good way to study some index particularly to Songnen grassland.
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