高密度电法对溶洞勘探的数值模拟研究
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摘要
高密度电法作为一种新型的电法勘探手段,因具有自动采集数据、测量模式多样化、反演程序数字化等优点,被广泛的用于岩溶地区溶洞的勘探。然而在野外实际勘探中,诸多问题未从理论上得以证实和说明。本文利用有限元数值模拟技术对这些问题从理论上进行研究说明。
本文第一部分介绍了高密度电法的发展情况、结构组成、系统特点、反演原理,重点对高密度电法的各种电极排列、高密度电法反演软件的反演原理做了详细说明。本文第二部分介绍了ANSYS软件数值模拟的原理、网格划分、误差及边界问题。本文第三部分将数值模拟的结果与室内模型试验的结果进行对比研究,以验证数值模拟的可行性。本文第四部分主要对高密度电法现场布极对勘探效果的影响进行了研究,从视电阻率异常值、反演效果图等角度讨论了电极的排列类型、最大极距选取、相邻电极间距选取等对高密度电法勘探效果的影响。还利用ANSYS软件建立三维模型对野外电极布设时存在的测线偏移问题进行了数据分析,这些研究对野外电极布设提供一定意义上的理论指导。本文第五部分利用ANSYS软件建立各种地质模型重点对覆盖型溶洞勘探中的覆盖层电阻率、基岩电阻率、覆盖层的厚度、溶洞的洞径及埋深对勘探效果的影响进行了研究,并结合野外实际统计数据提出了高密度电法在覆盖型溶洞中能实现有效勘探的最大覆盖层厚度,埋深30m的情况下溶洞的最小洞径。
In the karst development area there are a large amount of karst cave,bath,eth, To fing out the position of the karst is of great significance to ensure the safety of engineering construction. High density resistivity method, as a new method of resistivity exploration, is widely used in karst area of exploration, because it has the automatic data collection and measurement mode diversification, inversion process digital etc. However, there are many problems which have not been confirmed and explained in the field exploration. This paper research and explain those problems in the theory by using the finite element numerical simulation technology.
The first chapter introduces the development of the high density resistivity method structure,system characteristics, and make a detailed explanation on all kinds of electrode arrary, the principle of the inversion software. The principle of the numerical simulation and the problem of grid division,error,boundary are intoeduced in the second chapter.The third chapter make a comparison between the numerical simulation results and the indoor model test results, by this way the numerical simulation is proved to be feasibility. The fourth chapter mainly discuss the exploration effect of the laying way of the pole. The pole array type, the selection of the largest pole pitch,the selection of the adjacent pole spacing,etc are dicussed from the view of the the apparent resistivity abnormal value and inversion effect. By constructing a three dimensional model in the ANSYS software the data changing which is brought by the line migration is analysed. Those research can provide some guidance on the pole laying in theory. All kinds of geological model are established in the ANSYS in the fifth chapter. By doing this the effect of the covering layer resisitivity, the basement rock resisivity,the covering layer thickness, the diameter and depth of the karst cave hole in the exploration are studied. It puts forward the effctt exploration's biggest cover thickness and the minmum hole diameter under the depth of30m by combining with the field real statistical data.
本文第一部分介绍了高密度电法的发展情况、结构组成、系统特点、反演原理,重点对高密度电法的各种电极排列、高密度电法反演软件的反演原理做了详细说明。本文第二部分介绍了ANSYS软件数值模拟的原理、网格划分、误差及边界问题。本文第三部分将数值模拟的结果与室内模型试验的结果进行对比研究,以验证数值模拟的可行性。本文第四部分主要对高密度电法现场布极对勘探效果的影响进行了研究,从视电阻率异常值、反演效果图等角度讨论了电极的排列类型、最大极距选取、相邻电极间距选取等对高密度电法勘探效果的影响。还利用ANSYS软件建立三维模型对野外电极布设时存在的测线偏移问题进行了数据分析,这些研究对野外电极布设提供一定意义上的理论指导。本文第五部分利用ANSYS软件建立各种地质模型重点对覆盖型溶洞勘探中的覆盖层电阻率、基岩电阻率、覆盖层的厚度、溶洞的洞径及埋深对勘探效果的影响进行了研究,并结合野外实际统计数据提出了高密度电法在覆盖型溶洞中能实现有效勘探的最大覆盖层厚度,埋深30m的情况下溶洞的最小洞径。
In the karst development area there are a large amount of karst cave,bath,eth, To fing out the position of the karst is of great significance to ensure the safety of engineering construction. High density resistivity method, as a new method of resistivity exploration, is widely used in karst area of exploration, because it has the automatic data collection and measurement mode diversification, inversion process digital etc. However, there are many problems which have not been confirmed and explained in the field exploration. This paper research and explain those problems in the theory by using the finite element numerical simulation technology.
The first chapter introduces the development of the high density resistivity method structure,system characteristics, and make a detailed explanation on all kinds of electrode arrary, the principle of the inversion software. The principle of the numerical simulation and the problem of grid division,error,boundary are intoeduced in the second chapter.The third chapter make a comparison between the numerical simulation results and the indoor model test results, by this way the numerical simulation is proved to be feasibility. The fourth chapter mainly discuss the exploration effect of the laying way of the pole. The pole array type, the selection of the largest pole pitch,the selection of the adjacent pole spacing,etc are dicussed from the view of the the apparent resistivity abnormal value and inversion effect. By constructing a three dimensional model in the ANSYS software the data changing which is brought by the line migration is analysed. Those research can provide some guidance on the pole laying in theory. All kinds of geological model are established in the ANSYS in the fifth chapter. By doing this the effect of the covering layer resisitivity, the basement rock resisivity,the covering layer thickness, the diameter and depth of the karst cave hole in the exploration are studied. It puts forward the effctt exploration's biggest cover thickness and the minmum hole diameter under the depth of30m by combining with the field real statistical data.
引文
[1]Liu Xiaodong. Application of High Density Resistivity Method to Engineering Geophysics [J]. Geotichnical Investigation and Surveying.2001.
[2]Yao Daoping;Detecting Limestone Cavities by a High-density Resistivity Method and Seismic WaveCharacteristics[J];Geotechnical Investigation& Surveying;2008-12
[3]Xu Fangquan et al;The Application of High-density Resistivity in Detecting of Hidden Defects on dams [J] Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering;2006-04.
[4]Zhao Ying;Application of high-density resistivity method to detect underground goaf[J];Shanxi Architecture;2008-24.
[5]杨永安,郝广平,吕沛才.高密度电阻率法在采空区调查中的应用[J].科技风.2009(12).
[6]何伟,于鹏,张罗磊,王家林,吴建生.高密度电法在探测地下金属与非金属组合管线中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报.2008(01).
[7]江玉乐,张朝霞,周清强.高密度电阻率法在覆盖层厚度探测中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2007(03).
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[11]邓维祥.高密度电阻率法在厂址区工程勘察中的应用[J].电力勘测设计.2007(04).
[12]严加永,孟贵祥,吕庆田,张昆,陈向斌.高密度电法的进展与展望[J].物探与化探.2012(04).
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[16]杨润海,赵晋明,王彬,李正光,卢吉高,曾祥凤.比值参数在高密度电法中的应用 [J].地震研究.2003(02).
[17]王怀坤,罗有春,周文峰,邹俊.高密度电法对横向目标体勘探效果比较[J].华南地质与矿产.2008(02).
[18]陈新奇,陈泉霖.高密度电法在福建大田雄峰铅锌矿区找矿中的应用[J].福建地质.2003(03).
[19]刘海飞,张赛民,阮百尧.数据断面中突变点的快速剔除方法[J].物探化探计算技术.2006(03).
[20]秦福刚,戴隆沛,李磊,张平松.高密度电阻率法的装置特点及其在水源勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报.2007(04).
[21]刘金涛,胡晓明.高密度电法勘探在岩溶查找中的应用[J].地质科技情报.2003(02).
[22]董浩斌,王传雷,曾佐勋,李志勇.高密度电法在信阳市燃气混气站场地隐伏断裂探测中的应用[J].地质科技情报.2003(01).
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[30]Hohmann G. W.1975, Three-dimensional induce polarization and electromagnetic modeling."Geophysics" Vol.40, No 2.
[31]Lajoie J J and West G. F.,1976, the electromagnetic response of a conductive inhomogenetity in a layered earth."Geophysics" Vol.41,No 6A.
[32]Okabe M.,1981,boundary element method for the arbitary inhomogeneities problem in electrical prospecting."Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.29,No.1.
[33]Oke M.,1982,Reciprocal averaging techniques in the geoelectrical boundary element approach."Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.29,No.1.
[34]Das U. C.and Verma S. K.,1982,Electromagentic response of an arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional conductor in alayered earth—numerical results."Geoph-ysics J.R.a str. Soc." 1982,68,55-66.
[35]罗延钟,1986,计算直流电法异常的积分方程法,《电法勘探教学参考论文集》地质出版社.
[36]朴化荣等,1985,积分方程法求解三度极化体的激发极化效应,《物化探计算技术》,第7卷第4期.
[37]徐世浙,1984,点源二维地电剖面的边界单元解法,《桂林冶金地质学院学报》,第4卷第4期.
[38]徐世浙,赵生凯,楼云菊,1984,水平地形三维电场的边界单元解法,《物化探计算计算》
[39]Jepsen A.F.,1969,Resistivity and induced polarization modeling.Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ.of califonia,Berkeley.
[40]Swift C. M.Jr.,1971, Theoretical magnetotelluric and Turam response from two-dimensional inhomogeneities."Geophysics" Vol.36,No 1.
[41]Madden T.R.,1971,The resolving power of geoelectric measurements for delineating resistive zone within the crust.
[42]Aiken C.L.,et al,1973, physical and computer modeling induced polarization. 'Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.21, No 4.
[43]Aiken C.L., et al,1973, Numerical modeling induced polarization." 11'th International symposium on computer application in the minerals industry" Vol.2.
[44]Alfano L.,1959,Introduction to the interpretation of resistivity measurements for complicated structural condition."Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.7.
[45]Mufti I.R.,1976, Finite—difference resistivity modeling for arbitrarily shaped two—dimensional structures."Geophysics"Vol.41, No 1.
[46]Mufti I.R.,1978, A practical approach to finite-difference resistivity modeling."Geophysics"Vol.43,No 5.
[47]Scriba H.,1981,Computations of the electrical Potential in three-dimensional structures."Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.29,790-802.
[48]Zhdanow M.S.etal.1982, The construction of effective method for electromagnet tic modeling."Geophys J.R. astr.Soc."1982,68,589～607.
[49]周熙襄等,1983,点电源二维电阻率有限差分正演计算,《物化探电子技术》,1983年第二期.
[50]Coggon J.H.,1971, Electromagnetic and electrical modeling by the finite element method."Geophysics" Vol.36, No 1.
[51]Rijo L.,1977,Electromagnetic modeling by the finite element method. Ph.D.Theesis, Univ. of Utah.
[52]Kaikkonen P.,1979,Numerical VLF modeling. "Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.27,815-834.
[53]John T.Kuo and dong-heng cho,1980,Transient time-domainelectrtromagnetics. "Geophysical" Vol.45.No 2.
[54]Pridmore D.F., Hohmann GW., Ward S.H. and Still W.R,1981,An investigation of finite-element modeling for electrical and electromagnetic data in three-dimensions "Geophysics" Vol 46,No 7.
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[2]Yao Daoping;Detecting Limestone Cavities by a High-density Resistivity Method and Seismic WaveCharacteristics[J];Geotechnical Investigation& Surveying;2008-12
[3]Xu Fangquan et al;The Application of High-density Resistivity in Detecting of Hidden Defects on dams [J] Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering;2006-04.
[4]Zhao Ying;Application of high-density resistivity method to detect underground goaf[J];Shanxi Architecture;2008-24.
[5]杨永安,郝广平,吕沛才.高密度电阻率法在采空区调查中的应用[J].科技风.2009(12).
[6]何伟,于鹏,张罗磊,王家林,吴建生.高密度电法在探测地下金属与非金属组合管线中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报.2008(01).
[7]江玉乐,张朝霞,周清强.高密度电阻率法在覆盖层厚度探测中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2007(03).
[8]赵光辉.高密度电法勘探技术及其应用[J].矿产与地质.2006(02).
[9]阿发友,周洪庆,杜定全.高密度电法在乌当断层探测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术.2008(02).
[10]祁明星,严建民.高密度电法在水库坝基无损检测中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质.2009(10).
[11]邓维祥.高密度电阻率法在厂址区工程勘察中的应用[J].电力勘测设计.2007(04).
[12]严加永,孟贵祥,吕庆田,张昆,陈向斌.高密度电法的进展与展望[J].物探与化探.2012(04).
[13]董健,翟培合,张振勇,牟义.高密度电法在煤层工作面底板含水体探查中的应用[J].科学技术与工程.2008(06).
[14]陆才昆.高密度电法在岜蒙水库暗河探测中的应用[J].广西水利水电.2011(03)
[15]王丰,王兴泰,于万瑞.改进的模拟退火方法及其在电阻率图像重建中的应用[J].长春科技大学学报.1999(02).
[16]杨润海,赵晋明,王彬,李正光,卢吉高,曾祥凤.比值参数在高密度电法中的应用 [J].地震研究.2003(02).
[17]王怀坤,罗有春,周文峰,邹俊.高密度电法对横向目标体勘探效果比较[J].华南地质与矿产.2008(02).
[18]陈新奇,陈泉霖.高密度电法在福建大田雄峰铅锌矿区找矿中的应用[J].福建地质.2003(03).
[19]刘海飞,张赛民,阮百尧.数据断面中突变点的快速剔除方法[J].物探化探计算技术.2006(03).
[20]秦福刚,戴隆沛,李磊,张平松.高密度电阻率法的装置特点及其在水源勘察中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报.2007(04).
[21]刘金涛,胡晓明.高密度电法勘探在岩溶查找中的应用[J].地质科技情报.2003(02).
[22]董浩斌,王传雷,曾佐勋,李志勇.高密度电法在信阳市燃气混气站场地隐伏断裂探测中的应用[J].地质科技情报.2003(01).
[23]董浩斌,王传雷.高密度电法的发展与应用[J].地学前缘.2003(01).
[24]吕玉增,阮百尧.高密度电法工作中的几个问题研究[J].工程地球物理学报.2005(04).
[25]Alfano L.,1959,Introduction to the interpretation of resistivity measurements for complicated structural condition."Geophsical Prospecting" Vol.7.
[26]Vozoff K.1960,Numerical resistivity interpretation. "Geophysics" Vol.25.No 6.
[27]Keller G.V. and Frischknecht F. C.,1996,Electrical methods in geophysical prospecting.pergamon press.
[28]Dieter K., et al,1969, IP and resistivity type curves for three-dimensional bodies."Geophysics" Vol.34.No 4.
[29]Dey A.and Morrison H.F.,1973, Electromagnetic response of two-dimensional inhomogeneities in a dissipative half-space for Turam interpretation. "Geohpysical prospecting" Vol.21,No 2.
[30]Hohmann G. W.1975, Three-dimensional induce polarization and electromagnetic modeling."Geophysics" Vol.40, No 2.
[31]Lajoie J J and West G. F.,1976, the electromagnetic response of a conductive inhomogenetity in a layered earth."Geophysics" Vol.41,No 6A.
[32]Okabe M.,1981,boundary element method for the arbitary inhomogeneities problem in electrical prospecting."Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.29,No.1.
[33]Oke M.,1982,Reciprocal averaging techniques in the geoelectrical boundary element approach."Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.29,No.1.
[34]Das U. C.and Verma S. K.,1982,Electromagentic response of an arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional conductor in alayered earth—numerical results."Geoph-ysics J.R.a str. Soc." 1982,68,55-66.
[35]罗延钟,1986,计算直流电法异常的积分方程法,《电法勘探教学参考论文集》地质出版社.
[36]朴化荣等,1985,积分方程法求解三度极化体的激发极化效应,《物化探计算技术》,第7卷第4期.
[37]徐世浙,1984,点源二维地电剖面的边界单元解法,《桂林冶金地质学院学报》,第4卷第4期.
[38]徐世浙,赵生凯,楼云菊,1984,水平地形三维电场的边界单元解法,《物化探计算计算》
[39]Jepsen A.F.,1969,Resistivity and induced polarization modeling.Ph.D.Dissertation, Univ.of califonia,Berkeley.
[40]Swift C. M.Jr.,1971, Theoretical magnetotelluric and Turam response from two-dimensional inhomogeneities."Geophysics" Vol.36,No 1.
[41]Madden T.R.,1971,The resolving power of geoelectric measurements for delineating resistive zone within the crust.
[42]Aiken C.L.,et al,1973, physical and computer modeling induced polarization. 'Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.21, No 4.
[43]Aiken C.L., et al,1973, Numerical modeling induced polarization." 11'th International symposium on computer application in the minerals industry" Vol.2.
[44]Alfano L.,1959,Introduction to the interpretation of resistivity measurements for complicated structural condition."Geophysical Prospecting"Vol.7.
[45]Mufti I.R.,1976, Finite—difference resistivity modeling for arbitrarily shaped two—dimensional structures."Geophysics"Vol.41, No 1.
[46]Mufti I.R.,1978, A practical approach to finite-difference resistivity modeling."Geophysics"Vol.43,No 5.
[47]Scriba H.,1981,Computations of the electrical Potential in three-dimensional structures."Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.29,790-802.
[48]Zhdanow M.S.etal.1982, The construction of effective method for electromagnet tic modeling."Geophys J.R. astr.Soc."1982,68,589～607.
[49]周熙襄等,1983,点电源二维电阻率有限差分正演计算,《物化探电子技术》,1983年第二期.
[50]Coggon J.H.,1971, Electromagnetic and electrical modeling by the finite element method."Geophysics" Vol.36, No 1.
[51]Rijo L.,1977,Electromagnetic modeling by the finite element method. Ph.D.Theesis, Univ. of Utah.
[52]Kaikkonen P.,1979,Numerical VLF modeling. "Geophysical Prospecting" Vol.27,815-834.
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