并行直流电法成像技术研究
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摘要
矿井水害问题一直威胁着煤矿安全生产,目前国内外以直流电法为主开展了大量的井下探水研究工作,取得了一定的成果,但在探测效率、准确性以及针对性问题方面仍存在诸多不足。论文以直流电法成像技术为基础,利用自行完成的并行电法采集技术,重点围绕工作面及巷道掘进矿井水害问题开展研究,努力形成井下并行成像技术方法,为煤矿安全生产提供有效的技术保障服务。
结合并行电法数据采集特点,论文针对不同的矿井水害类型提出相对应的观测系统:在工作面顶板中布置监测钻孔,监测顶板破坏情况;利用工作面的巷道和切眼布置电法测线,采用双极-偶极法探测底板水害,在工作面煤层中布置偶极-偶极装置探测面内构造;在巷道超前探测中建立U型观测系统对巷道前方异常进行定位分析。论文对并行电法数据处理方法进行了深入研究,完成了并行电法成像方法技术,主要包括常规处理方法、高分辨处理方法以及三维电法反演技术,同时对层析成像计算技术进行了说明。论文采用常规方法进行初步处理分析,利用高分辨方法对巷道前方异常进行多点交汇,而三维电法计算可以得到异常体的空间分布情况。
通过对工作面顶底板探测、巷道超前探测进行数值模拟和物理模型实验,将所形成的观测系统及技术积极应用到探测实际中,取得了良好的实际应用效果。井下回采实际验证资料表明,所形成的并行电法成像技术在矿井水害探测与防治中具有探测效率高,异常判别准确等优点,生产应用价值较为广泛。论文同时指出了并行电法成像技术研究中存在的相关技术问题及今后的研究方向。
The mine water disaster is the threaten of coalmine safe-production,a planty of research have been carried out in the electrical field at present time both home and abroad.Although these research get many achievement,there are many problems in their efficiency,accuracy and pertinence.This paper bases on the theory of electrical imaging technology,the main reasearch is about how to detect the water disaster during the coal face production and roadway excavation by using concurrent electrical acquisition technology to supply effective technology indemnification serve for coalmine safe production.
Paper give many survelliance systems acconding to difference kinds of mine water disaster by incorporating the concurrent data:surveillance bore can be designed on the upper plate of coal face to monitor the three zone;electrical prospecting system can be put in the roadway and cut hole;the Bipole-dipole can explore the water disaster in bottem plate,and Dipole-dipole also can protect the tectonic in the coal face;the U mode of survelliance system can locate the anomalous body forward the roadway. Paper has made a further research about the processing of concurrent electrical data and finished the imager technology,it is mainly include conventional processing method,high resolution and 3D inversion technology,the resistivity tomography has also been introduced at last.Paper use conventional processing method for primary analyses;use the high resolution method to carry out multipoint convergence for the anomalous body forward the roadway and use the 3D inversion for locate the distribute of anomalous body in three dimension.
By analysing the numerical simulation and physical experiment,the survllience system and technology get application in the engneering and reach the goal.The concurrent electrical imaging technology has high detection effieiency and locate abnormal body accurately,it has amplitude application value.Paper point out the technology problems during the imaging research and research direction in future. Figure 86 table 10 references 40
结合并行电法数据采集特点,论文针对不同的矿井水害类型提出相对应的观测系统:在工作面顶板中布置监测钻孔,监测顶板破坏情况;利用工作面的巷道和切眼布置电法测线,采用双极-偶极法探测底板水害,在工作面煤层中布置偶极-偶极装置探测面内构造;在巷道超前探测中建立U型观测系统对巷道前方异常进行定位分析。论文对并行电法数据处理方法进行了深入研究,完成了并行电法成像方法技术,主要包括常规处理方法、高分辨处理方法以及三维电法反演技术,同时对层析成像计算技术进行了说明。论文采用常规方法进行初步处理分析,利用高分辨方法对巷道前方异常进行多点交汇,而三维电法计算可以得到异常体的空间分布情况。
通过对工作面顶底板探测、巷道超前探测进行数值模拟和物理模型实验,将所形成的观测系统及技术积极应用到探测实际中,取得了良好的实际应用效果。井下回采实际验证资料表明,所形成的并行电法成像技术在矿井水害探测与防治中具有探测效率高,异常判别准确等优点,生产应用价值较为广泛。论文同时指出了并行电法成像技术研究中存在的相关技术问题及今后的研究方向。
The mine water disaster is the threaten of coalmine safe-production,a planty of research have been carried out in the electrical field at present time both home and abroad.Although these research get many achievement,there are many problems in their efficiency,accuracy and pertinence.This paper bases on the theory of electrical imaging technology,the main reasearch is about how to detect the water disaster during the coal face production and roadway excavation by using concurrent electrical acquisition technology to supply effective technology indemnification serve for coalmine safe production.
Paper give many survelliance systems acconding to difference kinds of mine water disaster by incorporating the concurrent data:surveillance bore can be designed on the upper plate of coal face to monitor the three zone;electrical prospecting system can be put in the roadway and cut hole;the Bipole-dipole can explore the water disaster in bottem plate,and Dipole-dipole also can protect the tectonic in the coal face;the U mode of survelliance system can locate the anomalous body forward the roadway. Paper has made a further research about the processing of concurrent electrical data and finished the imager technology,it is mainly include conventional processing method,high resolution and 3D inversion technology,the resistivity tomography has also been introduced at last.Paper use conventional processing method for primary analyses;use the high resolution method to carry out multipoint convergence for the anomalous body forward the roadway and use the 3D inversion for locate the distribute of anomalous body in three dimension.
By analysing the numerical simulation and physical experiment,the survllience system and technology get application in the engneering and reach the goal.The concurrent electrical imaging technology has high detection effieiency and locate abnormal body accurately,it has amplitude application value.Paper point out the technology problems during the imaging research and research direction in future. Figure 86 table 10 references 40
引文
[1]程久龙,刘宗才.煤层底板岩层富水性的物探方法评价.全国矿井水文工程地质学术交流会论文集[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[2]李学军.煤矿井下定点源梯度法超前探测试验研究[J].煤炭地质与勘探.1992,20(4):59-62
[3]候克昌.三极电阻率法探测构造与含水体[J].煤炭地质与勘探.1993,21(3):57-61
[4]岳建华,刘树才,于景邨.矿井电法井下干扰实验[J].勘察科学技术.1994,(6):60-63
[5]岳建华,李志聃.煤矿井下直流层测深法原理与应用[J].煤炭学报.1994,19:422-429
[6]李世峰.矿山巷道电测深法模拟试验研究[J].矿业快报.2004,3:20-21
[7]宁书年,李育芳,史付生.巷道超前探测的理论探讨与应用尝试[J].地下水.2004,22:43-44
[8]于师建,于红.直流电法在矿井突水构造优势面理论中的应用[J].中国地球物理学会年刊.1996
[9]岳建华,李志聃.矿井直流电法及在煤层底板突水探测中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报.1997,26(1):94-98
[10]程久龙,王玉和,于师建.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2000,28(4):60-62
[11]王玉和.井下定点电源三极电阻率法超前探测研究[D].山东泰安:山东矿业学院,1997
[12]韩德品,张天敏,石亚丁等.井下单极-偶极直流电透视原理及解释方法[J].煤田地质与勘探.1997,25(5):32-35
[13]曾方禄,王永胜等.矿井音频电透视及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.1997,12:54-58
[14]高致宏,王彦红,陈青峰.工作面富水区探测与矿井电法-音频电透视在工作面富水区探测中的应用效果[J].煤田地质与勘探.2002,30(4):51-54
[15]常吉,杜晓军,刘杨贤等.音频电透视技术在临城矿下组煤开采中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,31(1):57-59
[16]韩德品,石亚丁.矿井电穿透方法技术的研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2000,28(2):50-52
[17]刘青雯,刘艳玲,韩德品.矿井电穿透法二维正演数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探.2001,29(3):48-52
[18]刘志新,许新刚,岳建华.矿井电法三维有限元正演模拟-直流电透视方法技术研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,25(4):302-307
[19]黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率超前探测研究[J].地球物理学报.2006, 49(5):1529-1538
[20]李文.工作面水害电阻率CT法探测实验研究.山东科技大学,2005
[21]Shima.H 2-D and 3-D resistivity image reconstruction using crosshole data,Geophysics,57,10,1270-1281,1992
[22]刘青雯.井下电法超前探测方法及其应用.煤田地质与勘探.2001.9,29.5:60-61
[23]李玉宝.矿井电法超前探测技术.煤炭科学技术.第30卷第2期.2002年2月
[24]李志聃,刘树才,岳建华.煤田电法勘探数字解释基础[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995
[25]周熙襄,钟本菩.电法勘探数值模拟技术[M]-科学技术出版社,1986
[26]吴小平.利用共轭梯度方法的电阻率正、反演研究[R].中国科学技术大学,1998
[27]吕涛,石济民.区域分解算法--偏微分方程数值解新技术[M].科学技术出版社,1999
[28]曹德欣,曹璎珞.计算方法[M]冲国矿业大学出版社,2001
[29]胡家赣.线性方程组的迭代解法[M].科学出版社,2001
[30]王志勇.矿井直流电法三维有限差分算法研究fRl.中国矿业大学,2001
[31]Li Y&Oldenberg D W.Approximate inverse mappings in DC problems[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:343-362.
[32]庄浩.三维电阻率层析成像研究[D].[博士论文].长沙:中南工业大学,1998
[33]Shima,H.2-D and 3-D resistivity image recostruction using alpha centers[J].Geophysics,1992,57(10):1270-1281.
[34]Zhang,J,Mackie,R L and Madden,T R.Three-dimensional resistivity forward modeling and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics,1995,60(5):1313-1325.
[35]Loke M.H,Barker R.D.Practical techniques for 3D resis-tivity surveys and data inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:499-523.
[36]吴小平,徐果明.利用共轭梯度方法电阻率三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):420-427.
[37]Dabas,M.,et.al.3-D inversion in subsurface electric surveying-Ⅰ:Theory[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1994,119 975-990.
[38]王兴泰,李晓芹.电阻率图像重建的佐迪(Zohdy)反演及其应用效果[J].物探与化探,1996,(3)
[39]许新钢 电阻率法技术研究及软件开发 中国矿业大学 2004,53-58
[40]白登海 电阻率层析成像理论和方法 地球物理学进展 1995 58-60
[2]李学军.煤矿井下定点源梯度法超前探测试验研究[J].煤炭地质与勘探.1992,20(4):59-62
[3]候克昌.三极电阻率法探测构造与含水体[J].煤炭地质与勘探.1993,21(3):57-61
[4]岳建华,刘树才,于景邨.矿井电法井下干扰实验[J].勘察科学技术.1994,(6):60-63
[5]岳建华,李志聃.煤矿井下直流层测深法原理与应用[J].煤炭学报.1994,19:422-429
[6]李世峰.矿山巷道电测深法模拟试验研究[J].矿业快报.2004,3:20-21
[7]宁书年,李育芳,史付生.巷道超前探测的理论探讨与应用尝试[J].地下水.2004,22:43-44
[8]于师建,于红.直流电法在矿井突水构造优势面理论中的应用[J].中国地球物理学会年刊.1996
[9]岳建华,李志聃.矿井直流电法及在煤层底板突水探测中的应用[J].中国矿业大学学报.1997,26(1):94-98
[10]程久龙,王玉和,于师建.巷道掘进中电阻率法超前探测原理及应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2000,28(4):60-62
[11]王玉和.井下定点电源三极电阻率法超前探测研究[D].山东泰安:山东矿业学院,1997
[12]韩德品,张天敏,石亚丁等.井下单极-偶极直流电透视原理及解释方法[J].煤田地质与勘探.1997,25(5):32-35
[13]曾方禄,王永胜等.矿井音频电透视及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.1997,12:54-58
[14]高致宏,王彦红,陈青峰.工作面富水区探测与矿井电法-音频电透视在工作面富水区探测中的应用效果[J].煤田地质与勘探.2002,30(4):51-54
[15]常吉,杜晓军,刘杨贤等.音频电透视技术在临城矿下组煤开采中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,31(1):57-59
[16]韩德品,石亚丁.矿井电穿透方法技术的研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2000,28(2):50-52
[17]刘青雯,刘艳玲,韩德品.矿井电穿透法二维正演数值模拟[J].煤田地质与勘探.2001,29(3):48-52
[18]刘志新,许新刚,岳建华.矿井电法三维有限元正演模拟-直流电透视方法技术研究[J].煤田地质与勘探.2003,25(4):302-307
[19]黄俊革,王家林,阮百尧.坑道直流电阻率超前探测研究[J].地球物理学报.2006, 49(5):1529-1538
[20]李文.工作面水害电阻率CT法探测实验研究.山东科技大学,2005
[21]Shima.H 2-D and 3-D resistivity image reconstruction using crosshole data,Geophysics,57,10,1270-1281,1992
[22]刘青雯.井下电法超前探测方法及其应用.煤田地质与勘探.2001.9,29.5:60-61
[23]李玉宝.矿井电法超前探测技术.煤炭科学技术.第30卷第2期.2002年2月
[24]李志聃,刘树才,岳建华.煤田电法勘探数字解释基础[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995
[25]周熙襄,钟本菩.电法勘探数值模拟技术[M]-科学技术出版社,1986
[26]吴小平.利用共轭梯度方法的电阻率正、反演研究[R].中国科学技术大学,1998
[27]吕涛,石济民.区域分解算法--偏微分方程数值解新技术[M].科学技术出版社,1999
[28]曹德欣,曹璎珞.计算方法[M]冲国矿业大学出版社,2001
[29]胡家赣.线性方程组的迭代解法[M].科学出版社,2001
[30]王志勇.矿井直流电法三维有限差分算法研究fRl.中国矿业大学,2001
[31]Li Y&Oldenberg D W.Approximate inverse mappings in DC problems[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:343-362.
[32]庄浩.三维电阻率层析成像研究[D].[博士论文].长沙:中南工业大学,1998
[33]Shima,H.2-D and 3-D resistivity image recostruction using alpha centers[J].Geophysics,1992,57(10):1270-1281.
[34]Zhang,J,Mackie,R L and Madden,T R.Three-dimensional resistivity forward modeling and inversion using conjugate gradients[J].Geophysics,1995,60(5):1313-1325.
[35]Loke M.H,Barker R.D.Practical techniques for 3D resis-tivity surveys and data inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:499-523.
[36]吴小平,徐果明.利用共轭梯度方法电阻率三维反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(3):420-427.
[37]Dabas,M.,et.al.3-D inversion in subsurface electric surveying-Ⅰ:Theory[J].Geophys.J.Int.,1994,119 975-990.
[38]王兴泰,李晓芹.电阻率图像重建的佐迪(Zohdy)反演及其应用效果[J].物探与化探,1996,(3)
[39]许新钢 电阻率法技术研究及软件开发 中国矿业大学 2004,53-58
[40]白登海 电阻率层析成像理论和方法 地球物理学进展 1995 58-60