LCoS相位空间光调制器的特性及其应用研究
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摘要
空间光调制器是近代光信息处理系统中关键的器件，它可以用作物函数的输入，也可以作为空间滤波器件而存在。特别是相位型的空间光调制器件由于它的高的光能利用率和高的衍射效率而广泛的用在光电混合信息处理系统中．随着液晶技术的发展，液晶器件被广泛的用作电寻址的空间光调制器件，普通的TFT器件具有开口率小(光能利用低)，分辨率低等缺点，LCoS器件则是一种新型的液晶器件，它克服了一般TFT器件的缺点，因而具有更为广泛的应用前景。
本文首先从液晶的基础物理知识出发，根据液晶到连续体弹性形变理论得到了在外加电场作用下液晶的指向矢的分布，利用不同的理论阐述了光波在液晶中的传输特性，简单介绍了液晶相位调制的原理。
首先建立了LCoS器件的理论模型，并采用参数空间的方法通过改变液晶的扭曲角度和偏振片的起偏角度选择和优化了LCoS器件用作相位调制的合适的工作模式，找到了两种比较合适的作为相位调制的工作模式----(0°，0°)和(0°，52°)配置。同时利用扩展琼斯矩阵，详细地研究了这两种工作模式的相位调制特性。理论研究表明在这两种工作模式下，工作在(0°，52°)模式下的LCoS器件是可以作为纯相位的调制器件来使用的，同时采用合适的偏振配置(0°，52°)的器件还具备强度调制特性。因此(0°，52°)模式具有复合调制的特性。实验室基于工作在(0°，52°)配置下的LCoS器件制做了实体的相位调制器件，我们还设计了基于干涉的相位测量系统，实际测量了LCoS器件的相位调制特性和伴随着相位调制的反射率变化的情况。实验表明工作在(0°，52°)模式下的LCoS器件可以用作纯相位的空间光调制器，入射光的波长为532nm时，它的动态相位变化范围可以达到1.9π，伴随着不超过5％的反射率变化。
同时为了验证(0°，0°)模式的特性，实验室中还制作了6个像素的平行排列(0°，0°)模式液晶器件(被动寻址)，通过调节补偿器的方法测量了它的相位特性，由于采用了高折射率的被动寻址液晶材料，同样对于532nm的入射光它的相位调节范围可以达到甚至超过4π，而反射率的变化则不超过10％。实验也表明如果在(0°，52°)模式的器件中采用高双折射率的助动寻址液晶材料或者采用更短波长的入射光必然能够达到2π以上的相位调制量。
然后利用已经制作的LCoS相位空间光调制器，实现了可编程的变焦菲涅尔
透镜，通过实验研究了变焦菲涅尔透镜的聚焦特性，发现LCoS器件的表面弯曲会导致聚焦焦点的弥散并设计了校正的方案。
分形波带片是最近才提出的一种新型的光学器件，有关分形波带片的研究才刚刚开始，使用已有的LCoS相位空间光调制器，实现了可变缺项的分行波带片的制作，并详细地研究了n=4情况下的可变分形波带片的聚焦特性。理论上推导n=4情况下的分形波带片的轴上光强分布公式，实验结果和理论的预测很好的吻合。实验还发现，聚焦的焦斑半径会随着焦距的长度而增大，而聚焦深度则随着分形波带片的阶次的升高而减小，同时还对比了分形波带片和常规波带片的焦距调节方式和精度，理论研究表明分形波带片的调节焦距的方式具有更高的调节精度。
As a kind of key elements in the advanced optical information processing systems, spatial light modulator (SLM) can be used as a objective function for input, or it can be also used as a spatial filter on the frequency plane. Especially, phase-only SLM devices were applied to eletro-optical information systems extensively because of the merits of high light efficiency and high diffractive efficiency. With the development of liquid crystals displays technology, LC devices were used as EA-SLM comprehensively. Thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal devices were studied in many literature, because of design feature of TFT, there are some defects to apply TFT to optical information processing, such as its low aperture opening ratio (low light efficiency), low resolution etc. Recently, one novel LC device LCoS interested people's attention because it high aperture ratio and high resolution. LCoS device should be applied to optical information processing field more comprehensively.
This dissertation describes the distribution of director of liquid crystal based on the theory of continuous elastic materials, and then several methods to describe the propagation of light wave in liquid crystals materials were introduced, the principle of phase modulation of light wave by liquid crystals was expounded.
First we depicted one theoretical model of LCoS device, and then working modes of LCoS used as phase-only SLM were selected and optimized by varied the twist angle of liquid crystals and polarized angle due to parameter space method, two working modes, which are suitable to apply LCoS as phase-only SLM, were found, that is (0°, 0°) and (0°, 52°). Theoretical study also showed that the (0°,52°) could be used as a compound device, it behaved property of intensity modulation if a working point was selected appropriately and it behaved property of phase modulation when another wording point was selected. At the same time, this two working modes were studied detailed by extended Jones matrix method. Theoretical analysis showed that LCoS device which working on this two working modes can be used as phase-only SLM. For verify this result, the LCoS phase-only SLM was assembled working on (0,52°) mode, and also we design one experimental system to measure the phase modulated amount based on the interferometer. The properties of LCoS device were
measured and the changing of reflectivity accorded with phase modulation of LCoS device was also checking. Experimental results showed that LCoS device can realized a 1.9π dynamic phase modulation with a reflectivity changing less than 5%. These results acknowledge that LCoS device can be used as phase-only SLM.
One LC cell (Passive Matrix) was fabricated, which had six pixels and worked on (0°,0°) mode. Its phase properties were measured by compensator, because the high An liquid crystal material was used, the phase modulated amount of this LC cell can be larger than 4π while the reflectivity changing was less than 10%. Experiment verified that the phase modulation of LCoS device, which worked on (0°,52°) mode, could exceed 2π if the high birefringence LC material was adopted.
Two applications of LCoS phase-only SLM were introduced, first programmable zoom Fresnel lens was realized based on LCoS. The focal properties of varifocal Fresnel lens was studied in experimental, experimental results showed that the deformation of surface of LCoS will lead to diffusion of the focal of Fresnel lens, one correction method was mentioned.
Fractals Fresnel zone plate (FZP) was one novel element to applied to optical focusing. Based on our LCoS phase-only SLM, FZPs with variable lacunarity were fabricated, and the focalized properties of FZPs with variable lacunarity were studied in detail with n=4. The distribution of intensity on axis of FZPs was explored in theory and experiment, one formula was deduced to describe the distribution of intensity on axis of FZPs with n=4. Experimental results and values in theory were accordant well. Experimental results showed that the radius of focal spot would increase with the longer focal length, and focal depth would decrease with higher order of FZPs.
本文首先从液晶的基础物理知识出发，根据液晶到连续体弹性形变理论得到了在外加电场作用下液晶的指向矢的分布，利用不同的理论阐述了光波在液晶中的传输特性，简单介绍了液晶相位调制的原理。
首先建立了LCoS器件的理论模型，并采用参数空间的方法通过改变液晶的扭曲角度和偏振片的起偏角度选择和优化了LCoS器件用作相位调制的合适的工作模式，找到了两种比较合适的作为相位调制的工作模式----(0°，0°)和(0°，52°)配置。同时利用扩展琼斯矩阵，详细地研究了这两种工作模式的相位调制特性。理论研究表明在这两种工作模式下，工作在(0°，52°)模式下的LCoS器件是可以作为纯相位的调制器件来使用的，同时采用合适的偏振配置(0°，52°)的器件还具备强度调制特性。因此(0°，52°)模式具有复合调制的特性。实验室基于工作在(0°，52°)配置下的LCoS器件制做了实体的相位调制器件，我们还设计了基于干涉的相位测量系统，实际测量了LCoS器件的相位调制特性和伴随着相位调制的反射率变化的情况。实验表明工作在(0°，52°)模式下的LCoS器件可以用作纯相位的空间光调制器，入射光的波长为532nm时，它的动态相位变化范围可以达到1.9π，伴随着不超过5％的反射率变化。
同时为了验证(0°，0°)模式的特性，实验室中还制作了6个像素的平行排列(0°，0°)模式液晶器件(被动寻址)，通过调节补偿器的方法测量了它的相位特性，由于采用了高折射率的被动寻址液晶材料，同样对于532nm的入射光它的相位调节范围可以达到甚至超过4π，而反射率的变化则不超过10％。实验也表明如果在(0°，52°)模式的器件中采用高双折射率的助动寻址液晶材料或者采用更短波长的入射光必然能够达到2π以上的相位调制量。
然后利用已经制作的LCoS相位空间光调制器，实现了可编程的变焦菲涅尔
透镜，通过实验研究了变焦菲涅尔透镜的聚焦特性，发现LCoS器件的表面弯曲会导致聚焦焦点的弥散并设计了校正的方案。
分形波带片是最近才提出的一种新型的光学器件，有关分形波带片的研究才刚刚开始，使用已有的LCoS相位空间光调制器，实现了可变缺项的分行波带片的制作，并详细地研究了n=4情况下的可变分形波带片的聚焦特性。理论上推导n=4情况下的分形波带片的轴上光强分布公式，实验结果和理论的预测很好的吻合。实验还发现，聚焦的焦斑半径会随着焦距的长度而增大，而聚焦深度则随着分形波带片的阶次的升高而减小，同时还对比了分形波带片和常规波带片的焦距调节方式和精度，理论研究表明分形波带片的调节焦距的方式具有更高的调节精度。
As a kind of key elements in the advanced optical information processing systems, spatial light modulator (SLM) can be used as a objective function for input, or it can be also used as a spatial filter on the frequency plane. Especially, phase-only SLM devices were applied to eletro-optical information systems extensively because of the merits of high light efficiency and high diffractive efficiency. With the development of liquid crystals displays technology, LC devices were used as EA-SLM comprehensively. Thin-film-transistor (TFT) liquid crystal devices were studied in many literature, because of design feature of TFT, there are some defects to apply TFT to optical information processing, such as its low aperture opening ratio (low light efficiency), low resolution etc. Recently, one novel LC device LCoS interested people's attention because it high aperture ratio and high resolution. LCoS device should be applied to optical information processing field more comprehensively.
This dissertation describes the distribution of director of liquid crystal based on the theory of continuous elastic materials, and then several methods to describe the propagation of light wave in liquid crystals materials were introduced, the principle of phase modulation of light wave by liquid crystals was expounded.
First we depicted one theoretical model of LCoS device, and then working modes of LCoS used as phase-only SLM were selected and optimized by varied the twist angle of liquid crystals and polarized angle due to parameter space method, two working modes, which are suitable to apply LCoS as phase-only SLM, were found, that is (0°, 0°) and (0°, 52°). Theoretical study also showed that the (0°,52°) could be used as a compound device, it behaved property of intensity modulation if a working point was selected appropriately and it behaved property of phase modulation when another wording point was selected. At the same time, this two working modes were studied detailed by extended Jones matrix method. Theoretical analysis showed that LCoS device which working on this two working modes can be used as phase-only SLM. For verify this result, the LCoS phase-only SLM was assembled working on (0,52°) mode, and also we design one experimental system to measure the phase modulated amount based on the interferometer. The properties of LCoS device were
measured and the changing of reflectivity accorded with phase modulation of LCoS device was also checking. Experimental results showed that LCoS device can realized a 1.9π dynamic phase modulation with a reflectivity changing less than 5%. These results acknowledge that LCoS device can be used as phase-only SLM.
One LC cell (Passive Matrix) was fabricated, which had six pixels and worked on (0°,0°) mode. Its phase properties were measured by compensator, because the high An liquid crystal material was used, the phase modulated amount of this LC cell can be larger than 4π while the reflectivity changing was less than 10%. Experiment verified that the phase modulation of LCoS device, which worked on (0°,52°) mode, could exceed 2π if the high birefringence LC material was adopted.
Two applications of LCoS phase-only SLM were introduced, first programmable zoom Fresnel lens was realized based on LCoS. The focal properties of varifocal Fresnel lens was studied in experimental, experimental results showed that the deformation of surface of LCoS will lead to diffusion of the focal of Fresnel lens, one correction method was mentioned.
Fractals Fresnel zone plate (FZP) was one novel element to applied to optical focusing. Based on our LCoS phase-only SLM, FZPs with variable lacunarity were fabricated, and the focalized properties of FZPs with variable lacunarity were studied in detail with n=4. The distribution of intensity on axis of FZPs was explored in theory and experiment, one formula was deduced to describe the distribution of intensity on axis of FZPs with n=4. Experimental results and values in theory were accordant well. Experimental results showed that the radius of focal spot would increase with the longer focal length, and focal depth would decrease with higher order of FZPs.
引文
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