企业社会资本研究
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摘要
在经济全球化以及信息网络经济的时代背景下，企业价值增值的来源发生了变化，企业日益注重利用其与利益相关者合作关系的处理为自身创造价值，因此，出现了一种新的资本形态——企业社会资本。本文以利益相关者理论作为指导，对企业社会资本领域进行系统性的研究，以实现企业自有资本和社会资本的良性互动，为企业价值创造提供新的增长点，从而对企业经营管理的实践提供切实有效的指导和建议。
本文沿着“国内外相关文献述评——研究的理论基础——企业社会资本的本质揭示——企业社会资本的形成机理——企业社会资本的作用机理——企业社会资本的价值创造效应——企业社会资本的开发与利用”这一脉络展开研究。首先，在借鉴内部利益相关者构成企业边界的理论基础上，对企业社会资本进行科学的概念重构，明确企业社会资本由其外部利益相关者所提供的。在此基础上，按照企业外部利益相关者的构成，对企业社会资本进行相应的分类研究，并进一步对企业社会资本的性质和构成要素进行归结，以全面而准确地揭示其本质特征；其次，构建了企业社会资本形成的理论模型，并采用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型来具体分析企业社会资本的形成机理；再次，按照不同维度的企业社会资本，选取相应的度量指标，并采用因子分析法获得企业社会资本指数，分别以它们作为解释变量，考虑相应的控制变量，通过实证模型的构建来检验企业社会资本的价值创造效应；最后，在对企业社会资本开发现状进行分析的基础上，有针对性地提出一系列切实有效的开发策略，以促进企业社会资本的快速生成与增长；并且，就“如何有效地利用开发出来的企业社会资本”问题提出了相应的建议，以充分发挥企业社会资本的价值增值功效，促进企业的长远发展。
本文的主要研究结论是：第一，企业的本质是利益相关者的集体选择，企业所有权的配置是利益相关者集体选择的结果；参与企业集体选择的内部利益相关者（享有企业的所有权）的不同导致了企业自有资本的差异，外部利益相关者不能直接参与企业的集体选择，但由于他们也是企业的利益相关者，企业的活动会对他们的利益产生直接的影响，外部利益相关者的不同则决定了企业社会资本的差异。企业社会资本的目标应该是企业价值与社会价值的统一，这一目标只有通过企业与其外部利益相关者的协调与合作才能实现。第二，现代意义上的资本具有双重属性，从自然属性看，凡是能够给企业带来价值增值的资源都应当称之为资本，而不论其是物质形态还是非物质形态；从社会属性看，在当前的社会背景下，企业的内部利益相关者与外部利益相关者的最终目标是趋于一致的，他们的关系是一种基于共同利益的协作伙伴关系。企业社会资本的特殊属性主要体现为其嵌入于企业与其边界之外的“外部利益相关者”之间所结成的关系网络结构的这种“社会性”，具有其他类型资本所不具备的一些特殊属性，例如：黏着性、互惠性、属于公共物品、循环再生性、不确定性以及难以被观察和测量。第三，企业社会资本的分类主要应由其外部利益相关者的构成所决定，企业外部利益相关者构成的多样性和动态性使得企业社会资本的具体分类表现为多种形式。但是无论哪一种形式的企业社会资本，其均由网络、信任与规范这三大要素构成，其中，信任是企业社会资本的核心要素。第四，企业社会资本是企业与其外部利益相关者之间在长期的合作过程中，通过重复博弈而逐渐形成的，信任机制和声誉机制是企业社会资本形成的重要动力机制，通过对企业社会资本形成的理论模型进行相应的构建，全面揭示了企业与其外部利益相关者之间由低层次合作关系向高层次合作关系的动态演进；并进一步采用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型深入分析企业社会资本的核心要素——信任机制和声誉机制是如何形成的。第五，企业社会资本通过对契约履行程度、资源获取与整合、交易成本节约、技术创新、商业模式创新等多方面的影响来实现其价值增值的功效；并进一步选取2007-2010年在沪深两地发行A股的房地产上市公司作为研究样本进行实证研究，在对不同类型的企业社会资本进行衡量的基础上，构建一套全面而细致的企业社会资本测量指标体系，证实了政企关系资本、银企关系资本、供应商关系资本、客户关系资本、竞争者关系资本、管理者关系资本、员工关系资本以及社区关系资本等不同类型的企业社会资本以及企业社会资本综合指数对企业价值创造水平所产生的影响。第六，企业的社会资本不是一蹴而成的，而是需要长期的建构与维护，然而企业社会资本的消逝却是顷刻间的，企业应当对其社会资本进行积极的开发与利用，有效地防范企业社会资本潜在的风险，充分发挥其价值增值的功效，从而促使企业战略目标的实现。
本文的主要创新之处在于：（1）从利益相关者视角对企业社会资本进行概念重构与重新分类。以利益相关者理论作为指导，对企业和社会的边界给予清晰的界定，从而对企业自有资本和企业社会资本的边界进行清晰的划分，论证企业社会资本的目标应当是企业价值与社会价值的统一。并从利益相关者视角对企业社会资本进行重新分类，指出企业社会资本的分类主要应由其外部利益相关者的构成所决定，由于参与企业集体选择的利益相关者并非一成不变，因此，企业的外部利益相关者的构成也处于不断的变化之中，企业外部利益相关者构成的多样性和动态性使得企业社会资本的分类表现为多种形式。（2）对企业社会资本的本质进行创新性的诠释。紧密结合以信息网络化、经济全球化、知识资本化和生产模块化为特征的现代经济社会背景对马克思资本理论学说加以继承与创新，从现代企业所涵盖的利益关系出发，对现代意义上的资本的双重属性（自然属性与社会属性）进行全面而细致的揭示，从而深入地剖析了企业社会资本的基本属性；并通过对企业的物质资本、人力资本以及社会资本的比较分析，揭示企业社会资本的特殊属性。（3）揭示企业社会资本形成的动态演进机制。引入利益共同体的概念，构建企业社会资本形成的理论模型，并运用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型分析企业社会资本的核心要素——信任机制和声誉机制的建立和维持，从而深入诠释企业社会资本的形成机理。（4）从企业与其外部利益相关者结成联盟的视角出发，深入地分析不同类别的企业社会资本是如何通过不同的作用路径来直接获取与整合存在于企业边界之外的物质资源与人力资源，并且更进一步解析不同类型的企业社会资本之间是如何相互影响以对物质资源与人力资源的获取与整合产生间接影响。
In the background of economic globalization and information network, thesource of enterprise's value added has greatly changed. The enterprise hasincreasingly focused on the handling of its relations with stakeholders to create valuefor itself. Therefore, a new form of capital apears, that is enterprise's social capital.Under the guidance of the stakeholder theory, this paper has carried out a systematicresearch about the enterprise's social capital in order to achieve positive interactionsbetween equity capital and social capital of the enterprise. Based on this, this researchcan provide a new perspective for enterprise's value creation and an effective adviceof enterprise's management.
This paper has done the research along the literature reviews at home and abroad-theoretical basis of the research-the nature of enterprise's social capital-theformation mechanism of enterprise's social capital-the function mechanism ofenterprise's social capital-the effect of corporate social capital on enterprise's valuecreation–the development and utilization of enterprise's social capital. Because thecorporate boundary is consisted of internal stakeholders, enterprise's social capital isprovided by external stakeholders. First, according to the composition of enterprise'sexternal stakeholders, this paper makes a research on the classification of enterprise'ssocial capital and attributes to the nature and the elements of enterprise's social capital.Second, this paper builds a theoretical model of enterprise's social capital. In addition,use the infinitely repeated game model under incomplete information and thereputation model under incomplete information conditions to analyze the formationmechanism of enterprise's social capital. Again, according to the different dimensionsof corporate social capital, select the appropriate metrics and use the factor analysismethod to get enterprise's social capital index. Based on this, test the effect ofenterprise's social capital on enterprise's value creation through the construction of theempirical model. Finally, the paper has proposed a series of effective strategies aboutthe development and utilization of enterprise's social capital based on the status of enterprise's social capital to maximize the value added effect of enterprise's socialcapital.
The main conclusions are as follows:
First, the nature of the enterprise is a collective choice of stakeholders. Theconfiguration of the enterprise's ownership is the result of collective choice ofstakeholders. The differences of internal stakeholders involved in the enterprisecollective choice (the right to have ownership of the enterprise) have led to thedifference of the enterprise's equity capital. Although external stakeholders can’tdirectly participate in the collective choice, the enterprise's activities will produce adirect impact on their interests. Therefore, the differences of external stakeholdersdetermine the differences of enterprise's social capital. The objectives of theenterprise's social capital should be the unification of enterprise's value and socialvalue. This goal can be achieved only through coordination and cooperation betweenthe enterprise and its external stakeholders.
Second, the capital in modern sense has double properties. From the aspect of itsnatural properties, all resources that can bring value added to the enterprise should becalled the capital, regardless of their physical form or non-material form. From theaspect of social attributes, internal stakeholders and external stakeholders arecooperative partnerships based on common interests in the current social context,whose ultimate goals are consistent. The special attributes of enterprise's social capitalis mainly reflected in its social relationships network between the enterprise and theexternal stakeholders outside the enterprise's borders. Compared to other types ofcapital, enterprise's social capital has some special attributes, such as: adhesive,reciprocity, belonging to the public, recycling, uncertainties and be difficult to observeand measure.
Third, the classification of enterprise's social capital should be determined by thecomposition of its external stakeholders. According to the diversity and dynamicnature of external stakeholders, the specific classification of enterprise's social capitaltakes many forms.
Fourth, the enterprise's social capital has gradually formed through the repeated game in the long-term process of cooperation between the enterprise and its externalstakeholders. Trust mechanisms and reputation mechanisms are important drivingforces of the formation of enterprise's social capital. The paper has revealed thedynamic evolution of the cooperative relations from the low-level to high-levelbetween the enterprise and its external stakeholders through the theoretical model.And then, use the infinitely repeated game model under the conditions of completeinformation and the reputation model (KMRW) under the conditions of incompleteinformation to analyze the formation of core elements of social capital-trustmechanisms and reputation mechanisms.
Fifth, the enterprise's social capital can achieve the effectiveness of valuecreation through the fulfillment of the contract, the acquisition and integration ofresources, the reduction of transaction cost, the technological innovation, and theinnovation of business model. And select listed companies of the real estate industryfrom the year2007to2010issuing A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen stockexchange to do an empirical research. On the basis of measuring different types ofenterprise's social capital, build a comprehensive and detailed index system ofenterprise's social capital measurement. This empirical study has confirmed the theimpact of different types of enterprise's social capital (e.g. government-enterpriserelationship capital, bank-enterprise relationship capital, supplier relationship capital,customer relationship capital, competitor relationship capital, managers relationshipcapital, employee relationship capital and community relations capital) and compositeindex of enterprise's social capital on enterprise's value creation.
Sixth, enterprise's social capital requires the construction and maintenance fromthe long-term. The enterprise should make the positive development and utilization ofenterprise's social capital and effectively prevent the potential risks of enterprise'ssocial capital. Only through this, can the enterprise fully realize the effectiveness ofits value added, and then promote the implementation of enterprise's strategicobjectives.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
First, this paper has advanced the concept reconstruction and reclassification of enterprise's social capital from a perspective of the stakeholder theory. Under theguidance of the stakeholder theory, give a clear definition of the boundaries betweenenterprise and society. And then, give a clear division of the equity capital and socialcapital. This paper has pointed out that the goal of enterprise's social capital should bethe unification of enterprise's value and social value. In addtion, make thereclassification of enterprise's social capital from a stakeholder perspective, which ismainly determined by the composition of external stakeholders. Because stakeholdersevolved in the collective choice of enterprise are not static, the compositions ofexternal stakeholders are constantly changing. In summary, the differences of externalstakeholders determine the differences of enterprise's social capital
Second, make an innovative interpretation of the nature of enterprise's socialcapital. Make the inheritance and innovation of Marx's capital theory combining theeconomic and social background, that is economic globalization, intellectual capitaland the modular production. This paper has made a comprehensive and in-depthinterpretation of capital’s dual attributes (natural attributes and social attributes)attributing to the the basic properties of enterprise's social capital. And then, reveal thespecial attributes of enterprise's social capital through the comparative analysis amongenterprise's physical capital, human capital and social capital.
Third, reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of the formation of enterprise'ssocial capital. On the basis of introduction to community of interests, build thetheoretical model about the formation of enterprise's social capital. And then, use theinfinitely repeated game model under the conditions of complete information and thereputation model (KMRW) under the conditions of incomplete information to analyzethe formation of core elements of social capital-trust mechanisms and reputationmechanisms. Make an in-depth interpretation about the formation mechanism of theenterprise's social capital.
Fourth, make in-depth analysis how different categories of enterprise's socialcapital can directly access and integrate other resources beyond the boundaries of theenterprise through different pathways from the perspective of the alliance. Andfurther, the paper has analyzed how the different types of enterprise's social capital influence each other to produce an indirect effect on the acquisition and integration ofother resources.
本文沿着“国内外相关文献述评——研究的理论基础——企业社会资本的本质揭示——企业社会资本的形成机理——企业社会资本的作用机理——企业社会资本的价值创造效应——企业社会资本的开发与利用”这一脉络展开研究。首先，在借鉴内部利益相关者构成企业边界的理论基础上，对企业社会资本进行科学的概念重构，明确企业社会资本由其外部利益相关者所提供的。在此基础上，按照企业外部利益相关者的构成，对企业社会资本进行相应的分类研究，并进一步对企业社会资本的性质和构成要素进行归结，以全面而准确地揭示其本质特征；其次，构建了企业社会资本形成的理论模型，并采用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型来具体分析企业社会资本的形成机理；再次，按照不同维度的企业社会资本，选取相应的度量指标，并采用因子分析法获得企业社会资本指数，分别以它们作为解释变量，考虑相应的控制变量，通过实证模型的构建来检验企业社会资本的价值创造效应；最后，在对企业社会资本开发现状进行分析的基础上，有针对性地提出一系列切实有效的开发策略，以促进企业社会资本的快速生成与增长；并且，就“如何有效地利用开发出来的企业社会资本”问题提出了相应的建议，以充分发挥企业社会资本的价值增值功效，促进企业的长远发展。
本文的主要研究结论是：第一，企业的本质是利益相关者的集体选择，企业所有权的配置是利益相关者集体选择的结果；参与企业集体选择的内部利益相关者（享有企业的所有权）的不同导致了企业自有资本的差异，外部利益相关者不能直接参与企业的集体选择，但由于他们也是企业的利益相关者，企业的活动会对他们的利益产生直接的影响，外部利益相关者的不同则决定了企业社会资本的差异。企业社会资本的目标应该是企业价值与社会价值的统一，这一目标只有通过企业与其外部利益相关者的协调与合作才能实现。第二，现代意义上的资本具有双重属性，从自然属性看，凡是能够给企业带来价值增值的资源都应当称之为资本，而不论其是物质形态还是非物质形态；从社会属性看，在当前的社会背景下，企业的内部利益相关者与外部利益相关者的最终目标是趋于一致的，他们的关系是一种基于共同利益的协作伙伴关系。企业社会资本的特殊属性主要体现为其嵌入于企业与其边界之外的“外部利益相关者”之间所结成的关系网络结构的这种“社会性”，具有其他类型资本所不具备的一些特殊属性，例如：黏着性、互惠性、属于公共物品、循环再生性、不确定性以及难以被观察和测量。第三，企业社会资本的分类主要应由其外部利益相关者的构成所决定，企业外部利益相关者构成的多样性和动态性使得企业社会资本的具体分类表现为多种形式。但是无论哪一种形式的企业社会资本，其均由网络、信任与规范这三大要素构成，其中，信任是企业社会资本的核心要素。第四，企业社会资本是企业与其外部利益相关者之间在长期的合作过程中，通过重复博弈而逐渐形成的，信任机制和声誉机制是企业社会资本形成的重要动力机制，通过对企业社会资本形成的理论模型进行相应的构建，全面揭示了企业与其外部利益相关者之间由低层次合作关系向高层次合作关系的动态演进；并进一步采用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型深入分析企业社会资本的核心要素——信任机制和声誉机制是如何形成的。第五，企业社会资本通过对契约履行程度、资源获取与整合、交易成本节约、技术创新、商业模式创新等多方面的影响来实现其价值增值的功效；并进一步选取2007-2010年在沪深两地发行A股的房地产上市公司作为研究样本进行实证研究，在对不同类型的企业社会资本进行衡量的基础上，构建一套全面而细致的企业社会资本测量指标体系，证实了政企关系资本、银企关系资本、供应商关系资本、客户关系资本、竞争者关系资本、管理者关系资本、员工关系资本以及社区关系资本等不同类型的企业社会资本以及企业社会资本综合指数对企业价值创造水平所产生的影响。第六，企业的社会资本不是一蹴而成的，而是需要长期的建构与维护，然而企业社会资本的消逝却是顷刻间的，企业应当对其社会资本进行积极的开发与利用，有效地防范企业社会资本潜在的风险，充分发挥其价值增值的功效，从而促使企业战略目标的实现。
本文的主要创新之处在于：（1）从利益相关者视角对企业社会资本进行概念重构与重新分类。以利益相关者理论作为指导，对企业和社会的边界给予清晰的界定，从而对企业自有资本和企业社会资本的边界进行清晰的划分，论证企业社会资本的目标应当是企业价值与社会价值的统一。并从利益相关者视角对企业社会资本进行重新分类，指出企业社会资本的分类主要应由其外部利益相关者的构成所决定，由于参与企业集体选择的利益相关者并非一成不变，因此，企业的外部利益相关者的构成也处于不断的变化之中，企业外部利益相关者构成的多样性和动态性使得企业社会资本的分类表现为多种形式。（2）对企业社会资本的本质进行创新性的诠释。紧密结合以信息网络化、经济全球化、知识资本化和生产模块化为特征的现代经济社会背景对马克思资本理论学说加以继承与创新，从现代企业所涵盖的利益关系出发，对现代意义上的资本的双重属性（自然属性与社会属性）进行全面而细致的揭示，从而深入地剖析了企业社会资本的基本属性；并通过对企业的物质资本、人力资本以及社会资本的比较分析，揭示企业社会资本的特殊属性。（3）揭示企业社会资本形成的动态演进机制。引入利益共同体的概念，构建企业社会资本形成的理论模型，并运用完全信息条件下的无限次重复博弈模型和不完全信息条件下基于声誉模型（KMRW）的有限次重复博弈模型分析企业社会资本的核心要素——信任机制和声誉机制的建立和维持，从而深入诠释企业社会资本的形成机理。（4）从企业与其外部利益相关者结成联盟的视角出发，深入地分析不同类别的企业社会资本是如何通过不同的作用路径来直接获取与整合存在于企业边界之外的物质资源与人力资源，并且更进一步解析不同类型的企业社会资本之间是如何相互影响以对物质资源与人力资源的获取与整合产生间接影响。
In the background of economic globalization and information network, thesource of enterprise's value added has greatly changed. The enterprise hasincreasingly focused on the handling of its relations with stakeholders to create valuefor itself. Therefore, a new form of capital apears, that is enterprise's social capital.Under the guidance of the stakeholder theory, this paper has carried out a systematicresearch about the enterprise's social capital in order to achieve positive interactionsbetween equity capital and social capital of the enterprise. Based on this, this researchcan provide a new perspective for enterprise's value creation and an effective adviceof enterprise's management.
This paper has done the research along the literature reviews at home and abroad-theoretical basis of the research-the nature of enterprise's social capital-theformation mechanism of enterprise's social capital-the function mechanism ofenterprise's social capital-the effect of corporate social capital on enterprise's valuecreation–the development and utilization of enterprise's social capital. Because thecorporate boundary is consisted of internal stakeholders, enterprise's social capital isprovided by external stakeholders. First, according to the composition of enterprise'sexternal stakeholders, this paper makes a research on the classification of enterprise'ssocial capital and attributes to the nature and the elements of enterprise's social capital.Second, this paper builds a theoretical model of enterprise's social capital. In addition,use the infinitely repeated game model under incomplete information and thereputation model under incomplete information conditions to analyze the formationmechanism of enterprise's social capital. Again, according to the different dimensionsof corporate social capital, select the appropriate metrics and use the factor analysismethod to get enterprise's social capital index. Based on this, test the effect ofenterprise's social capital on enterprise's value creation through the construction of theempirical model. Finally, the paper has proposed a series of effective strategies aboutthe development and utilization of enterprise's social capital based on the status of enterprise's social capital to maximize the value added effect of enterprise's socialcapital.
The main conclusions are as follows:
First, the nature of the enterprise is a collective choice of stakeholders. Theconfiguration of the enterprise's ownership is the result of collective choice ofstakeholders. The differences of internal stakeholders involved in the enterprisecollective choice (the right to have ownership of the enterprise) have led to thedifference of the enterprise's equity capital. Although external stakeholders can’tdirectly participate in the collective choice, the enterprise's activities will produce adirect impact on their interests. Therefore, the differences of external stakeholdersdetermine the differences of enterprise's social capital. The objectives of theenterprise's social capital should be the unification of enterprise's value and socialvalue. This goal can be achieved only through coordination and cooperation betweenthe enterprise and its external stakeholders.
Second, the capital in modern sense has double properties. From the aspect of itsnatural properties, all resources that can bring value added to the enterprise should becalled the capital, regardless of their physical form or non-material form. From theaspect of social attributes, internal stakeholders and external stakeholders arecooperative partnerships based on common interests in the current social context,whose ultimate goals are consistent. The special attributes of enterprise's social capitalis mainly reflected in its social relationships network between the enterprise and theexternal stakeholders outside the enterprise's borders. Compared to other types ofcapital, enterprise's social capital has some special attributes, such as: adhesive,reciprocity, belonging to the public, recycling, uncertainties and be difficult to observeand measure.
Third, the classification of enterprise's social capital should be determined by thecomposition of its external stakeholders. According to the diversity and dynamicnature of external stakeholders, the specific classification of enterprise's social capitaltakes many forms.
Fourth, the enterprise's social capital has gradually formed through the repeated game in the long-term process of cooperation between the enterprise and its externalstakeholders. Trust mechanisms and reputation mechanisms are important drivingforces of the formation of enterprise's social capital. The paper has revealed thedynamic evolution of the cooperative relations from the low-level to high-levelbetween the enterprise and its external stakeholders through the theoretical model.And then, use the infinitely repeated game model under the conditions of completeinformation and the reputation model (KMRW) under the conditions of incompleteinformation to analyze the formation of core elements of social capital-trustmechanisms and reputation mechanisms.
Fifth, the enterprise's social capital can achieve the effectiveness of valuecreation through the fulfillment of the contract, the acquisition and integration ofresources, the reduction of transaction cost, the technological innovation, and theinnovation of business model. And select listed companies of the real estate industryfrom the year2007to2010issuing A shares in Shanghai and Shenzhen stockexchange to do an empirical research. On the basis of measuring different types ofenterprise's social capital, build a comprehensive and detailed index system ofenterprise's social capital measurement. This empirical study has confirmed the theimpact of different types of enterprise's social capital (e.g. government-enterpriserelationship capital, bank-enterprise relationship capital, supplier relationship capital,customer relationship capital, competitor relationship capital, managers relationshipcapital, employee relationship capital and community relations capital) and compositeindex of enterprise's social capital on enterprise's value creation.
Sixth, enterprise's social capital requires the construction and maintenance fromthe long-term. The enterprise should make the positive development and utilization ofenterprise's social capital and effectively prevent the potential risks of enterprise'ssocial capital. Only through this, can the enterprise fully realize the effectiveness ofits value added, and then promote the implementation of enterprise's strategicobjectives.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
First, this paper has advanced the concept reconstruction and reclassification of enterprise's social capital from a perspective of the stakeholder theory. Under theguidance of the stakeholder theory, give a clear definition of the boundaries betweenenterprise and society. And then, give a clear division of the equity capital and socialcapital. This paper has pointed out that the goal of enterprise's social capital should bethe unification of enterprise's value and social value. In addtion, make thereclassification of enterprise's social capital from a stakeholder perspective, which ismainly determined by the composition of external stakeholders. Because stakeholdersevolved in the collective choice of enterprise are not static, the compositions ofexternal stakeholders are constantly changing. In summary, the differences of externalstakeholders determine the differences of enterprise's social capital
Second, make an innovative interpretation of the nature of enterprise's socialcapital. Make the inheritance and innovation of Marx's capital theory combining theeconomic and social background, that is economic globalization, intellectual capitaland the modular production. This paper has made a comprehensive and in-depthinterpretation of capital’s dual attributes (natural attributes and social attributes)attributing to the the basic properties of enterprise's social capital. And then, reveal thespecial attributes of enterprise's social capital through the comparative analysis amongenterprise's physical capital, human capital and social capital.
Third, reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of the formation of enterprise'ssocial capital. On the basis of introduction to community of interests, build thetheoretical model about the formation of enterprise's social capital. And then, use theinfinitely repeated game model under the conditions of complete information and thereputation model (KMRW) under the conditions of incomplete information to analyzethe formation of core elements of social capital-trust mechanisms and reputationmechanisms. Make an in-depth interpretation about the formation mechanism of theenterprise's social capital.
Fourth, make in-depth analysis how different categories of enterprise's socialcapital can directly access and integrate other resources beyond the boundaries of theenterprise through different pathways from the perspective of the alliance. Andfurther, the paper has analyzed how the different types of enterprise's social capital influence each other to produce an indirect effect on the acquisition and integration ofother resources.
引文
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