气力输送管道中煤粉浓度及相分布测量方法研究
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摘要
火力发电厂煤粉输送管道内风粉二相流参数的实时检测与锅炉燃烧的安全性、运行的经济性和可靠性直接相关。气固二相流作为公认的复杂的非线性动态系统,相间存在着界面效应和相间速度,使得气固二相流参数检测的难度较大。
本论文在广泛了解和掌握现有的技术基础之上,将风粉二相流体的研究划分成三个层次：第一层次是锅炉燃烧安全的需要,第二层次是锅炉运行经济性的需要,第三个层次是气固二相流体理论研究层次的需要。
本论文的目的在于基于国内材料、机械、电子等相关工业现有水平的基础之上,设计出可实现的、且能够可靠应用于工程测量的风粉二相流有效测量方法,满足发电锅炉运行对气固二相流测量的第一层次的需要并部分满足第二层次的需要。
为此,本文发展出了基于γ射线吸收法的硬场感测绝对测量法。在实现上述目的过程中,本论文的主要创新工作在于：
1、提出了一种基于γ射线吸收法的气力输送管道中煤粉相浓度及相分布实时测量方法。
将点γ射线源布置在传感器管道的轴心,γ射线源准直器360°平面角出射；γ射线探测电离室多腔独立结构,传感器管壁外环形阵列。将一次风中煤粉自管道轴心到360。管壁圆周上的等效堆积厚度测出,其等效堆积厚度值与管道半径之比既作为相应扇形截面的电离室所对应的传感器管道内测量子空间的煤粉体积浓度,又作为煤粉在该半径上的相分布信号。
本论文所提出的煤粉体积浓度及相分布实时测量方法作为论文的技术核心,已申请了国家发明专利,申请专利名称：气力输送管道中煤粉浓度及相分布的实时检测装置,专利申请号：200810240327.0,申请日期：2008.12.17。
2、传感器管道采用可伐(Kovar)合金包壳与A1203陶瓷衬里复合结构。由于可伐合金具有与A1203陶瓷相近的线膨胀系数,这种复合结构既满足了管道内壁的硬度要求,也满足了传感器外壳的强度要求。在同铁材料相同的厚度的情况下,对γ射线的衰减大大降低,且在测量过程中,γ射线只需穿透单侧管壁。在满足煤粉相浓度及相分布测量的分辨率、准确度要求的基础之上,使测量对γ射线源的放射性活度要求大为降低。对于工业用γ射线源,其放射性活度水平越低,则γ射线防护越容易实现,这种复合结构传感器管道,也是本论文提出的具有新颖性的解决方案。
3、提出了一种气力输送管道中煤粉沉积工况实时测量方法,为有效控制输粉风速,使其处于最佳状态运行,找到了表征参数。
煤粉在输送管道中的流动属于稀疏气固二相流,管道在正常运行工况下,任一横截面上煤粉相分布差别并不明显；而多传感器下部任一测量子空间煤粉等效堆积厚度超过了某一阈值(如锅炉额定负荷所对应的每支输粉管道内煤粉在直径上的堆积厚度),即表明出现了煤粉沉积工况,据此可通过卖验界定最合理的输粉风速,实现对输粉管道更有效、更准确的控制。
In power boiler, whether direct firing pulverizing system, intermediate storage tanks type hot blast feeding system or gas sends powder system, the working substance in the conveyance air pipeline as the pneumatic pipeline is the mixture of hot air and pulverized coal. The flow of the mixture belongs to the typical gas-solid two-phase flow. The measurement of the parameters of the hot air-pulverized coal two phase flow in the primary air pipeline directly relates to the safety of the power boiler combustion, operational economical efficiency and reliability. Gas-solid two-phase flow is recognized as a complex nonlinear dynamic system, interfacial effect and speed exist between phases, which make the measurement of the as-solid two-phase flow parameters difficult.
Based on widely studies the existing technology, the paper divides the hot air-pulverized coal two phase flow research to three levels:the first level is the need of the boiler combustion safety, the second is the need of operational economical efficiency, and the third is the need of gas-solid two-phase flow theory research level.
The aim of the paper is to make up effective method which can be applied to actual engineering hot air-pulverized coal two phase measurement, using current technology, to meet the need of the first level and part of the second level.
Therefore the paper respectively provides a hard field sensing absolute measurement method based on y-ray absorption law. The real-time measurement of pulverized coal concentration and phase distribution is possible in engineering. In the process of realizing the above aim the main statistical innovation is below:
1.The method of pulverized coal volume concentration and distribution measuring in the pneumatic conveyor. The y point source was used and fixed at the cross-section centre of the sensor conduct; the collimation exit portal was vertical to the axis line of the conduct, in which the outgoing beam of they rays was assumed at the plane 360°; The profile of the ionization chamber was designed ring cross section in dependent multi-cavity. By which the equivalent thickness of the pulverized coal could be determined from the axis to the pipe wall of the sensor all around the 360°circle, the ratio between the equivalent thickness and the radius of the pipe could be take as volume concentration in the subspace in the sensor while serving as the distribution of the pulverized coal in the corresponding radius. The method present in this dissertation belongs to a hard-field sensing, absolute measurement. The measured value of the concentration as well as distribution of the pulverized coal in a pneumatic conveyor could not be influenced by the changes of humidity, fineness temperature, flow pattern, velocity of the continuous phase. The effected by the alteration of effect alterations caused by categories of the coal could be eliminated setting different linear absorption coefficient according the coal.
The measurement method of the value concentration and distribution presented in the dissertation as the technology nucleus has been applied for a China patent. Date:2008.12.17;No.200810240327.O
2. Combined Kovar alloy and Al2O3 Ceramics as the material of the sensor conduct was suggested with regard to industrialγray source, the lower radio activity level, the easier radioactivity protection was accomplished, Al2O3 Ceramics and Kovar alloy composited sensor conduct was adopted for the purpose of reduction inγray source radioactivity. On the premise of the resolution ratio, accuracy requirement, that was an innovation solution presented in this dissertation the linear absorption coefficient of the alloy and ceramic double compound material toγray was less than steel besides its high-temperature resistance, the radioactivity of the measurement demanded to theγray source could be reduced obviously and the radiation protection could be easier to reach the standard of the nation.
3. A discrimination theory of sedimentary condition, identification method about the optimum ratio between blow and pulverized coal in a phpnoumatic conveyor were advanced in the dissertation.
The flow of pulverized coal in the pheumatic conveyor belongs to thin gas-solid two phase flow the sedimentary condition was caused by the force of gravity when the velocity of the continuous phase was underspeed,in the regular service conditions,the difference of the concentration and the distribution different are a effect in area affects of the cross section was not obvious,the pulverized coal deposition first emerged at the lowest point in the sensor conduct when the sedimentary condition occurred, so the sedimentary condition could be identified when the measured value of the pulverized coal concentration in the directly below measurement space was thicker than adjacent space over a threshold value, and the superior limit to the lower limit of the threshold value could be defined as optimum ratio between below to and pulverized coal and the threshold value could be used as feedback signal to control the velocity of the primary air.
本论文在广泛了解和掌握现有的技术基础之上,将风粉二相流体的研究划分成三个层次：第一层次是锅炉燃烧安全的需要,第二层次是锅炉运行经济性的需要,第三个层次是气固二相流体理论研究层次的需要。
本论文的目的在于基于国内材料、机械、电子等相关工业现有水平的基础之上,设计出可实现的、且能够可靠应用于工程测量的风粉二相流有效测量方法,满足发电锅炉运行对气固二相流测量的第一层次的需要并部分满足第二层次的需要。
为此,本文发展出了基于γ射线吸收法的硬场感测绝对测量法。在实现上述目的过程中,本论文的主要创新工作在于：
1、提出了一种基于γ射线吸收法的气力输送管道中煤粉相浓度及相分布实时测量方法。
将点γ射线源布置在传感器管道的轴心,γ射线源准直器360°平面角出射；γ射线探测电离室多腔独立结构,传感器管壁外环形阵列。将一次风中煤粉自管道轴心到360。管壁圆周上的等效堆积厚度测出,其等效堆积厚度值与管道半径之比既作为相应扇形截面的电离室所对应的传感器管道内测量子空间的煤粉体积浓度,又作为煤粉在该半径上的相分布信号。
本论文所提出的煤粉体积浓度及相分布实时测量方法作为论文的技术核心,已申请了国家发明专利,申请专利名称：气力输送管道中煤粉浓度及相分布的实时检测装置,专利申请号：200810240327.0,申请日期：2008.12.17。
2、传感器管道采用可伐(Kovar)合金包壳与A1203陶瓷衬里复合结构。由于可伐合金具有与A1203陶瓷相近的线膨胀系数,这种复合结构既满足了管道内壁的硬度要求,也满足了传感器外壳的强度要求。在同铁材料相同的厚度的情况下,对γ射线的衰减大大降低,且在测量过程中,γ射线只需穿透单侧管壁。在满足煤粉相浓度及相分布测量的分辨率、准确度要求的基础之上,使测量对γ射线源的放射性活度要求大为降低。对于工业用γ射线源,其放射性活度水平越低,则γ射线防护越容易实现,这种复合结构传感器管道,也是本论文提出的具有新颖性的解决方案。
3、提出了一种气力输送管道中煤粉沉积工况实时测量方法,为有效控制输粉风速,使其处于最佳状态运行,找到了表征参数。
煤粉在输送管道中的流动属于稀疏气固二相流,管道在正常运行工况下,任一横截面上煤粉相分布差别并不明显；而多传感器下部任一测量子空间煤粉等效堆积厚度超过了某一阈值(如锅炉额定负荷所对应的每支输粉管道内煤粉在直径上的堆积厚度),即表明出现了煤粉沉积工况,据此可通过卖验界定最合理的输粉风速,实现对输粉管道更有效、更准确的控制。
In power boiler, whether direct firing pulverizing system, intermediate storage tanks type hot blast feeding system or gas sends powder system, the working substance in the conveyance air pipeline as the pneumatic pipeline is the mixture of hot air and pulverized coal. The flow of the mixture belongs to the typical gas-solid two-phase flow. The measurement of the parameters of the hot air-pulverized coal two phase flow in the primary air pipeline directly relates to the safety of the power boiler combustion, operational economical efficiency and reliability. Gas-solid two-phase flow is recognized as a complex nonlinear dynamic system, interfacial effect and speed exist between phases, which make the measurement of the as-solid two-phase flow parameters difficult.
Based on widely studies the existing technology, the paper divides the hot air-pulverized coal two phase flow research to three levels:the first level is the need of the boiler combustion safety, the second is the need of operational economical efficiency, and the third is the need of gas-solid two-phase flow theory research level.
The aim of the paper is to make up effective method which can be applied to actual engineering hot air-pulverized coal two phase measurement, using current technology, to meet the need of the first level and part of the second level.
Therefore the paper respectively provides a hard field sensing absolute measurement method based on y-ray absorption law. The real-time measurement of pulverized coal concentration and phase distribution is possible in engineering. In the process of realizing the above aim the main statistical innovation is below:
1.The method of pulverized coal volume concentration and distribution measuring in the pneumatic conveyor. The y point source was used and fixed at the cross-section centre of the sensor conduct; the collimation exit portal was vertical to the axis line of the conduct, in which the outgoing beam of they rays was assumed at the plane 360°; The profile of the ionization chamber was designed ring cross section in dependent multi-cavity. By which the equivalent thickness of the pulverized coal could be determined from the axis to the pipe wall of the sensor all around the 360°circle, the ratio between the equivalent thickness and the radius of the pipe could be take as volume concentration in the subspace in the sensor while serving as the distribution of the pulverized coal in the corresponding radius. The method present in this dissertation belongs to a hard-field sensing, absolute measurement. The measured value of the concentration as well as distribution of the pulverized coal in a pneumatic conveyor could not be influenced by the changes of humidity, fineness temperature, flow pattern, velocity of the continuous phase. The effected by the alteration of effect alterations caused by categories of the coal could be eliminated setting different linear absorption coefficient according the coal.
The measurement method of the value concentration and distribution presented in the dissertation as the technology nucleus has been applied for a China patent. Date:2008.12.17;No.200810240327.O
2. Combined Kovar alloy and Al2O3 Ceramics as the material of the sensor conduct was suggested with regard to industrialγray source, the lower radio activity level, the easier radioactivity protection was accomplished, Al2O3 Ceramics and Kovar alloy composited sensor conduct was adopted for the purpose of reduction inγray source radioactivity. On the premise of the resolution ratio, accuracy requirement, that was an innovation solution presented in this dissertation the linear absorption coefficient of the alloy and ceramic double compound material toγray was less than steel besides its high-temperature resistance, the radioactivity of the measurement demanded to theγray source could be reduced obviously and the radiation protection could be easier to reach the standard of the nation.
3. A discrimination theory of sedimentary condition, identification method about the optimum ratio between blow and pulverized coal in a phpnoumatic conveyor were advanced in the dissertation.
The flow of pulverized coal in the pheumatic conveyor belongs to thin gas-solid two phase flow the sedimentary condition was caused by the force of gravity when the velocity of the continuous phase was underspeed,in the regular service conditions,the difference of the concentration and the distribution different are a effect in area affects of the cross section was not obvious,the pulverized coal deposition first emerged at the lowest point in the sensor conduct when the sedimentary condition occurred, so the sedimentary condition could be identified when the measured value of the pulverized coal concentration in the directly below measurement space was thicker than adjacent space over a threshold value, and the superior limit to the lower limit of the threshold value could be defined as optimum ratio between below to and pulverized coal and the threshold value could be used as feedback signal to control the velocity of the primary air.
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