B介子弱衰变和CP破坏在PQCD方法下的研究
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摘要
很多年来B物理都是粒子物理的热门领域之一。在B物理的研究中,如何处理B介子衰变中的QCD效应一直是一个热门的话题,在这方面也有很多成功的理论和模型。其中PQCD方法是比较成功的方法之一,它成功的预言了遍举衰变过程的很多实验。PQCD方法需要利用B介子电弱衰变的有效哈密顿量和基于横动量的因子化理论。
利用PQCD方法我们对B介子到两类轴矢粒子(3P1态和1P1态)衰变的形状因子进行了研究。在大反冲的区域直接计算出了形状因子的数值,然后利用双奇点模型提供的参数化公式通过拟合的方法将其推广到整个运动学区域上。作为一个副产品,我们计算了所有带电流的B介子到轴矢粒子的半轻衰变过程。我们得到大多数衰变道的衰变分支比在10-4的量级上,这些数据还有待于正在进行的或将来进行的实验进行检验。奇异的轴矢粒子态K1A和K1B之间由于SU(3)破坏的效应存在着混合,目前这个混合角有很大的不确定性,为了减少不确定性。我们提出了一个不依赖于模型的方法,利用将来的B介子衰变数据来提取这个混合角。
作为在轴矢粒子研究中更进一步的工作,我们研究了中性流的半轻衰变B→K1(1270)l+l-和B→K1(1400)l+l-。我们利用螺旋度振幅的技术将衰变振幅分解成几个独立的洛伦兹不变的部分。我们研究了B→K1l+l-衰变中的双轻子不变质量分布、分支比、极化、前后不对称性和B→K1l+l-→(Kππ)l+l-衰变的角分布。混合角符号的不确定性会为半轻衰变的分支比带来很大的差别：在不考虑共振态贡献的分支比中,两个混合角给出的分支比量级分别是10-6和10-8。不同极化在分支比中所占的比例和前后不对称性对混合角的数值并不敏感。在共振区域,共振态会显著改变双轻子不变质量分布的形状。
我们还尝试用PQCD方法系统地研究了B介子的粲衰变。在这类衰变中D介子的波函数存在着很大不确定性。我们先利用六个B→DP(P代表一个轻的赝标介子)衰变道的数据通过拟合的方法确定出了D介子的波函数。利用我们得到的波函数,在mD/mB和AQCD|mD展开领头阶的精度上,我们研究了154个BπD(*)(D(*))M(M代表一个轻介子)衰变道和40个B介子到两个粲介子的衰变道。我们计算了所有的分支比、不同极化的贡献、CP不对称性和其他对于实验和理论研究非常有用的量。我们绝大多数的结果跟现有的实验数据符合的非常好。
在B→D(*)M的计算中,我们对a2／a1强相位的结果跟实验数据一致。在B→D(*)M衰变中,我们发现很多衰变道中不可因子化发射图和湮灭图的贡献不可忽略,这跟B介子到轻介子的衰变中的情况大为不同。比例r=的数值关系到实验上从B-→D0K-和B-→D0K-两个衰变道提取CKM相角γ的精度。我们给出这个比例的计算结果是r=0.092-0.003-0.003+0.012+0.003，这个数值还不足以大到让实验从这两个衰变道非常精确地抽取出γ角的程度。
在B介子到两个粲介子的衰变中,我们发现可因子化的发射图是主要的贡献者。在这部分衰变中理论计算的结果与实验结果的吻合说明因子化在B介子到两个D介子的分支比的计算中是可靠的。在B介子衰变到两个矢量介子的情况中,无论是纯湮灭过程还是含有发射图贡献的过程,横向极化占了40%-50%的贡献,这个数据是跟现有实验相符的。理论计算得到的这些衰变中直接CP破坏非常小,这从另一个角度说明实验上任何大的直接CP破坏都会首先被看作是新物理的信号。在中性B衰变中,我们得到了较大的混合CP破坏,这些结果也跟实验相符,可以用来跟其他方式测得的sin 2β作一个相互印证。
除了非奇异B介子的衰变,我们还计算了Bs介子的所有有关衰变道,这些结果有待于将来实验的验证。
B physics has been one hot topic of particle physics for many years. How to deal with the QCD dynamics in B meson decays is a very important topic. There are many successful models and approaches, PQCD, who can deal with the exclusive decays very well, is one of them. In a very brief way we review several popular topics in B physics such as neutral B meson mixing, CP violation, the effective Hamiltonian for B meson electro-weak decays, and the frame of PQCD approach.
With the PQCD approach we study the form factors of B meson to the two kinds of axial vector mesons,3P1 and 1P1 states, respectively. The form factors are calculated directly in the large recoiling region and extrapolated to the whole kinematics region within dipole parametrization. As a byproduct, we calculate all the charged current semi-leptonic decays of B meson to axial vector mesons. Most of the branching ratios of B→Alvl are of the order of 10-4, which still need experimental tests in the ongoing and forthcoming experiments. The strange axial vector mesons K1A and K1B via SU(3) breaking effect. In order to reduce the ambiguities in the mixing angle between them, we propose a model-independent way that utilize B decay data.
We study the B→K1(1270)l+l- and B→K1(1400)l+l- decays with the form factors we get. Using the technique of helicity amplitudes, we express the de-cay amplitudes in terms of several independent and Lorentz invariant pieces. We study the dilepton invariant mass distributions, branching ratios, polarizations, and forward-backward asymmetries of B→K1l+l- decays. The ambiguity of the sign of the mixing angle will induce very large differences to branching ratios of the semi-leptonic B decays:branching ratios without resonant contributions either have the order of 10-6 or 10-8. But the polariztions and the forward-backward asymmetries are not sensitive to the mixing angles. We find that the resonant contributions will dramatically change the dilepton invariant mass dis-tributions in the resonant region. We also provide the angular distributions of B→K1l+l-→(Kππ)l+l- decays.
We also apply the PQCD approach to the charmful decays of B mesons. In this type of decays large ambiguity exists in the wave function of D mesons. Using experimental data of B→DP (P denotes a light pseudoscalar meson) decay channels, we determine the D meson wave function by x2 fit.With the D meson wave function obtained, we study the 154 decay channels of B→D(*)(D(*))M (M denotes a light meson) and 40 channels of B meson to two charmed mesons to the leading order of mD/mB and AQCD/mD expansion. We calculate all the branching ratios, polarization fractions, CP asymmetries, and other quantities that are useful for theory or experiments. Most of our results agree with the current experimental data amazing well.
Our calculation gives the right relative strong phase of a2/a1 that agrees with the experiments. In the B→D(*)M decays, the nonfactorizable emis-sion and annihilation diagrams are not negligible in many channels, which are very different from the situation of B meson decays to light mesons. The ratio
which are very important for the extraction of CKM angleγexperimentally, is obtained as r=0.092-0.003-0.003+0.012+0.003. This value is too small for experiments to extractγwith a high accuracy.
In the study of B meson to two charmed mesons, we find that the factorizable emission diagrams are dominant. The agreement between our results and the experimental data indicates that the factorization theorem is reliable in predicting branching ratios of these decays. In the decays of a B meson to two vector charmed mesons, the transverse polarization states contribute 40% - 50% both in the processes with an external W emission and in the pure annihilation decays. This is in agreement with the present experimental data. The CP asymmetries obtained is very small. Thus observation of any large direct CP asymmetry will be a signal for new physics. The mixing induced CP asymmetry in the neutral modes is large. This is also in agreement with the current experimental measurements. They can give a cross check of the sin 2βmeasurement from other channels.
Our calculations for the Bs meson decays will be confronted with the future experiments.
利用PQCD方法我们对B介子到两类轴矢粒子(3P1态和1P1态)衰变的形状因子进行了研究。在大反冲的区域直接计算出了形状因子的数值,然后利用双奇点模型提供的参数化公式通过拟合的方法将其推广到整个运动学区域上。作为一个副产品,我们计算了所有带电流的B介子到轴矢粒子的半轻衰变过程。我们得到大多数衰变道的衰变分支比在10-4的量级上,这些数据还有待于正在进行的或将来进行的实验进行检验。奇异的轴矢粒子态K1A和K1B之间由于SU(3)破坏的效应存在着混合,目前这个混合角有很大的不确定性,为了减少不确定性。我们提出了一个不依赖于模型的方法,利用将来的B介子衰变数据来提取这个混合角。
作为在轴矢粒子研究中更进一步的工作,我们研究了中性流的半轻衰变B→K1(1270)l+l-和B→K1(1400)l+l-。我们利用螺旋度振幅的技术将衰变振幅分解成几个独立的洛伦兹不变的部分。我们研究了B→K1l+l-衰变中的双轻子不变质量分布、分支比、极化、前后不对称性和B→K1l+l-→(Kππ)l+l-衰变的角分布。混合角符号的不确定性会为半轻衰变的分支比带来很大的差别：在不考虑共振态贡献的分支比中,两个混合角给出的分支比量级分别是10-6和10-8。不同极化在分支比中所占的比例和前后不对称性对混合角的数值并不敏感。在共振区域,共振态会显著改变双轻子不变质量分布的形状。
我们还尝试用PQCD方法系统地研究了B介子的粲衰变。在这类衰变中D介子的波函数存在着很大不确定性。我们先利用六个B→DP(P代表一个轻的赝标介子)衰变道的数据通过拟合的方法确定出了D介子的波函数。利用我们得到的波函数,在mD/mB和AQCD|mD展开领头阶的精度上,我们研究了154个BπD(*)(D(*))M(M代表一个轻介子)衰变道和40个B介子到两个粲介子的衰变道。我们计算了所有的分支比、不同极化的贡献、CP不对称性和其他对于实验和理论研究非常有用的量。我们绝大多数的结果跟现有的实验数据符合的非常好。
在B→D(*)M的计算中,我们对a2／a1强相位的结果跟实验数据一致。在B→D(*)M衰变中,我们发现很多衰变道中不可因子化发射图和湮灭图的贡献不可忽略,这跟B介子到轻介子的衰变中的情况大为不同。比例r=的数值关系到实验上从B-→D0K-和B-→D0K-两个衰变道提取CKM相角γ的精度。我们给出这个比例的计算结果是r=0.092-0.003-0.003+0.012+0.003，这个数值还不足以大到让实验从这两个衰变道非常精确地抽取出γ角的程度。
在B介子到两个粲介子的衰变中,我们发现可因子化的发射图是主要的贡献者。在这部分衰变中理论计算的结果与实验结果的吻合说明因子化在B介子到两个D介子的分支比的计算中是可靠的。在B介子衰变到两个矢量介子的情况中,无论是纯湮灭过程还是含有发射图贡献的过程,横向极化占了40%-50%的贡献,这个数据是跟现有实验相符的。理论计算得到的这些衰变中直接CP破坏非常小,这从另一个角度说明实验上任何大的直接CP破坏都会首先被看作是新物理的信号。在中性B衰变中,我们得到了较大的混合CP破坏,这些结果也跟实验相符,可以用来跟其他方式测得的sin 2β作一个相互印证。
除了非奇异B介子的衰变,我们还计算了Bs介子的所有有关衰变道,这些结果有待于将来实验的验证。
B physics has been one hot topic of particle physics for many years. How to deal with the QCD dynamics in B meson decays is a very important topic. There are many successful models and approaches, PQCD, who can deal with the exclusive decays very well, is one of them. In a very brief way we review several popular topics in B physics such as neutral B meson mixing, CP violation, the effective Hamiltonian for B meson electro-weak decays, and the frame of PQCD approach.
With the PQCD approach we study the form factors of B meson to the two kinds of axial vector mesons,3P1 and 1P1 states, respectively. The form factors are calculated directly in the large recoiling region and extrapolated to the whole kinematics region within dipole parametrization. As a byproduct, we calculate all the charged current semi-leptonic decays of B meson to axial vector mesons. Most of the branching ratios of B→Alvl are of the order of 10-4, which still need experimental tests in the ongoing and forthcoming experiments. The strange axial vector mesons K1A and K1B via SU(3) breaking effect. In order to reduce the ambiguities in the mixing angle between them, we propose a model-independent way that utilize B decay data.
We study the B→K1(1270)l+l- and B→K1(1400)l+l- decays with the form factors we get. Using the technique of helicity amplitudes, we express the de-cay amplitudes in terms of several independent and Lorentz invariant pieces. We study the dilepton invariant mass distributions, branching ratios, polarizations, and forward-backward asymmetries of B→K1l+l- decays. The ambiguity of the sign of the mixing angle will induce very large differences to branching ratios of the semi-leptonic B decays:branching ratios without resonant contributions either have the order of 10-6 or 10-8. But the polariztions and the forward-backward asymmetries are not sensitive to the mixing angles. We find that the resonant contributions will dramatically change the dilepton invariant mass dis-tributions in the resonant region. We also provide the angular distributions of B→K1l+l-→(Kππ)l+l- decays.
We also apply the PQCD approach to the charmful decays of B mesons. In this type of decays large ambiguity exists in the wave function of D mesons. Using experimental data of B→DP (P denotes a light pseudoscalar meson) decay channels, we determine the D meson wave function by x2 fit.With the D meson wave function obtained, we study the 154 decay channels of B→D(*)(D(*))M (M denotes a light meson) and 40 channels of B meson to two charmed mesons to the leading order of mD/mB and AQCD/mD expansion. We calculate all the branching ratios, polarization fractions, CP asymmetries, and other quantities that are useful for theory or experiments. Most of our results agree with the current experimental data amazing well.
Our calculation gives the right relative strong phase of a2/a1 that agrees with the experiments. In the B→D(*)M decays, the nonfactorizable emis-sion and annihilation diagrams are not negligible in many channels, which are very different from the situation of B meson decays to light mesons. The ratio
which are very important for the extraction of CKM angleγexperimentally, is obtained as r=0.092-0.003-0.003+0.012+0.003. This value is too small for experiments to extractγwith a high accuracy.
In the study of B meson to two charmed mesons, we find that the factorizable emission diagrams are dominant. The agreement between our results and the experimental data indicates that the factorization theorem is reliable in predicting branching ratios of these decays. In the decays of a B meson to two vector charmed mesons, the transverse polarization states contribute 40% - 50% both in the processes with an external W emission and in the pure annihilation decays. This is in agreement with the present experimental data. The CP asymmetries obtained is very small. Thus observation of any large direct CP asymmetry will be a signal for new physics. The mixing induced CP asymmetry in the neutral modes is large. This is also in agreement with the current experimental measurements. They can give a cross check of the sin 2βmeasurement from other channels.
Our calculations for the Bs meson decays will be confronted with the future experiments.
引文
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