石横特钢60t转炉负能炼钢的研究和实践
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摘要
能源危机日益严重制约着全球经济的发展,节约能源、降低能源消耗已成为世界性课题。我国在“十一五”发展规划纲要中已经明确提出：大力发展循环经济、全面推行清洁生产,形成低投入、低消耗、低排放和高效率的节约型增长方式。我国作为世界上最大的产钢国,同时也是资源、能源相对匮乏的国家,推广节能减排技术已成为保证我国钢铁工业可持续发展的关键。“负能炼钢”是炼钢节能的主要技术,我国转炉钢比例已超过90%,推广“负能炼钢”对实现节能减排目标,保证钢铁工业健康发展具有十分重要的意义。
为降低转炉炼钢工序能耗、实现转炉“负能炼钢”,本文主要研究包括转炉煤气回收技术、蒸汽回收技术以及氧气、电力、煤气等能源介质的相应节能降耗技术,在转炉炼钢实际生产过程中通过改造设备、优化工艺操作、推广应用新工艺技术等应用、实践和论证各技术的实用性和先进性,从而达到了有效降低石横特钢三炼钢工序能耗的目的。本文的主要工作如下：
(1)对转炉—连铸炼钢全工序高效生产工作进行了研究和实践,通过实施设备升级改造,解决了转炉—连铸生产能力匹配问题；通过制定生产顺行保证措施和建立各关键工序控制要点,并通过严格管理和监督实施,有效保证了生产顺行,为实现“负能炼钢”奠定了坚实的基础。
(2)从工艺及操作方面对影响转炉“负能炼钢”指标的因素进行了研究和实践,通过稳定炉前操作水平、稳定汽化和煤气回收操作、通过采用“一罐到底”铁水入炉技术、炉外钢包脱硫技术、精炼渣再利用技术、钢包砖料混砌技术等,有效稳定了煤气回收和蒸汽回收水平,并有效降低了氧气、精炼电及煤气等能源的消耗指标,确保了转炉“负能炼钢”指标的顺利完成。
(3)从设备角度对影响转炉“负能炼钢”指标的因素进行了研究和实践,通过完善系统管网,强化煤气回收和蒸汽回收水平,通过优化改进氧枪喷头等工艺设备参数、通过引进、消化吸收节能新工艺技术、通过改造应用新型节能设备,有效提高了煤气、蒸汽回收产量和质量,有效降低了冶炼氧耗、电力消耗及煤气消耗指标,确保了转炉“负能炼钢”指标的顺利完成。
本研究对国内转炉炼钢企业特别是同炉型小吨位转炉实现“负能炼钢”具有较强的借鉴和参考价值。
Nowadays, the increasing energy crisis restricts the development of the global economy, so energy conservation and energy consumption reduction have become a worldwide issue. Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Chinese government has proclaim clearly that the circular economy must be developed and cleaner production must be extended to form the healthy economical growth which is low-input, low-consumption, low-emissions but high efficiency. In China, which is the largest steel producing country in the world, and also relatively lack of resources and energy, promotion of energy saving technology has become the key to ensure the development of China's steel industry sustainably. In China, the converter steel-making ratio exceeds 90%, so it is very important to ensure the healthy development of steel industry through promotion of Negative Energy Steelmaking which is a main steel-making technology to achieve emission reduction targets.
The main contents of this thesis is to research related technologies to reduce the energy consumption of the converter steel-making and to achieve Negative Energy Steelmaking, which contain gas recovery technology, vapor recovery technology and other energy saving technologies. The research methods of the subject is organized Through the transformation of equipment, optimizing the operation process, and promotion the use of new technology in the converter actual production process, the efficiency and advancement are discussed in order to achieve effective reduce energy consumption. The main works of the thesis are performed as the following sections:
The full process of converter and continuous casting steelmaking and its efficient production are researched and practiced. Applying the implementation of equipment upgrades, the capacity matching of the converter-continuous casting production is solved. And through the development of production and the establishment of measures, the key process of the control points is ensured. Finally, through the implementation of strict management and supervision, the smooth production line effectively can also be ensured, which laids a solid foundation for achieving Negative Energy Steelmaking.
The factors to influence the index of Negative Energy Steelmaking are investigated and discussed, in terms of the technology and operation of the converter steelmaking. Based on the stabilizing the level of blast furnace operation and vaporization, as well as gas recovery operations, and the use of some advanced technologies (such as "a can in the end" technology into the furnace hot metal, furnace ladle desulfurization technology, refining slag recycling technology, ladle brick puzzle mixed materials technology etc), the level of gas recovery and vapor recovery are effectively stabilized, and oxygen, electricity and gas, refining energy consumption indicators are effectively reduced. As a result, the index of Negative Energy Steel-making is performed successfully.
The factors to influence the index of Negative Energy Steelmaking are investigated and discussed, in the viewpoint of the device. Through improving the networks the recycling of the gas and vapour increases. And through the introduction, digestion and absorption of new energy-saving technology and now equapments, such as oxygen lance nozzle parameters, the gas, vapor recovery yield and quality are improved obviously, and simultaneously the refining oxygen consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are effectively reduced so as to ensure Negative Energy Steelmaking converter targets successfully.
The methods, conclusions and practice of this thesis give a good example or can be considered as the benchmark for relevant steelmaking companies in China.
为降低转炉炼钢工序能耗、实现转炉“负能炼钢”,本文主要研究包括转炉煤气回收技术、蒸汽回收技术以及氧气、电力、煤气等能源介质的相应节能降耗技术,在转炉炼钢实际生产过程中通过改造设备、优化工艺操作、推广应用新工艺技术等应用、实践和论证各技术的实用性和先进性,从而达到了有效降低石横特钢三炼钢工序能耗的目的。本文的主要工作如下：
(1)对转炉—连铸炼钢全工序高效生产工作进行了研究和实践,通过实施设备升级改造,解决了转炉—连铸生产能力匹配问题；通过制定生产顺行保证措施和建立各关键工序控制要点,并通过严格管理和监督实施,有效保证了生产顺行,为实现“负能炼钢”奠定了坚实的基础。
(2)从工艺及操作方面对影响转炉“负能炼钢”指标的因素进行了研究和实践,通过稳定炉前操作水平、稳定汽化和煤气回收操作、通过采用“一罐到底”铁水入炉技术、炉外钢包脱硫技术、精炼渣再利用技术、钢包砖料混砌技术等,有效稳定了煤气回收和蒸汽回收水平,并有效降低了氧气、精炼电及煤气等能源的消耗指标,确保了转炉“负能炼钢”指标的顺利完成。
(3)从设备角度对影响转炉“负能炼钢”指标的因素进行了研究和实践,通过完善系统管网,强化煤气回收和蒸汽回收水平,通过优化改进氧枪喷头等工艺设备参数、通过引进、消化吸收节能新工艺技术、通过改造应用新型节能设备,有效提高了煤气、蒸汽回收产量和质量,有效降低了冶炼氧耗、电力消耗及煤气消耗指标,确保了转炉“负能炼钢”指标的顺利完成。
本研究对国内转炉炼钢企业特别是同炉型小吨位转炉实现“负能炼钢”具有较强的借鉴和参考价值。
Nowadays, the increasing energy crisis restricts the development of the global economy, so energy conservation and energy consumption reduction have become a worldwide issue. Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Chinese government has proclaim clearly that the circular economy must be developed and cleaner production must be extended to form the healthy economical growth which is low-input, low-consumption, low-emissions but high efficiency. In China, which is the largest steel producing country in the world, and also relatively lack of resources and energy, promotion of energy saving technology has become the key to ensure the development of China's steel industry sustainably. In China, the converter steel-making ratio exceeds 90%, so it is very important to ensure the healthy development of steel industry through promotion of Negative Energy Steelmaking which is a main steel-making technology to achieve emission reduction targets.
The main contents of this thesis is to research related technologies to reduce the energy consumption of the converter steel-making and to achieve Negative Energy Steelmaking, which contain gas recovery technology, vapor recovery technology and other energy saving technologies. The research methods of the subject is organized Through the transformation of equipment, optimizing the operation process, and promotion the use of new technology in the converter actual production process, the efficiency and advancement are discussed in order to achieve effective reduce energy consumption. The main works of the thesis are performed as the following sections:
The full process of converter and continuous casting steelmaking and its efficient production are researched and practiced. Applying the implementation of equipment upgrades, the capacity matching of the converter-continuous casting production is solved. And through the development of production and the establishment of measures, the key process of the control points is ensured. Finally, through the implementation of strict management and supervision, the smooth production line effectively can also be ensured, which laids a solid foundation for achieving Negative Energy Steelmaking.
The factors to influence the index of Negative Energy Steelmaking are investigated and discussed, in terms of the technology and operation of the converter steelmaking. Based on the stabilizing the level of blast furnace operation and vaporization, as well as gas recovery operations, and the use of some advanced technologies (such as "a can in the end" technology into the furnace hot metal, furnace ladle desulfurization technology, refining slag recycling technology, ladle brick puzzle mixed materials technology etc), the level of gas recovery and vapor recovery are effectively stabilized, and oxygen, electricity and gas, refining energy consumption indicators are effectively reduced. As a result, the index of Negative Energy Steel-making is performed successfully.
The factors to influence the index of Negative Energy Steelmaking are investigated and discussed, in the viewpoint of the device. Through improving the networks the recycling of the gas and vapour increases. And through the introduction, digestion and absorption of new energy-saving technology and now equapments, such as oxygen lance nozzle parameters, the gas, vapor recovery yield and quality are improved obviously, and simultaneously the refining oxygen consumption, electricity consumption and gas consumption are effectively reduced so as to ensure Negative Energy Steelmaking converter targets successfully.
The methods, conclusions and practice of this thesis give a good example or can be considered as the benchmark for relevant steelmaking companies in China.
引文
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[2]王雅贞,张岩,张红文.氧气顶吹转炉炼钢工艺与设备[M].第2版.北京：冶金工业出版社,2001,400-422
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[4]CAI Jiu ju, HE Jie heng. LU Zhong wu, et al. Analysis of Energy Saving and Energy Consumption in Chinese Steel Industry for Last 20 Years and Next 5 Years [J]. Iron and Steel,2002,37(11):68-73
[5]李明儒,方善超,段贵生等.对国内转炉负能炼钢几个问题的探讨[J].河南冶金,2005,13(4)：26-28
[6]Shangyi Li, Zubin Wang. Present and Future Status of the Chinese Steel Industry in 21st Century [J]. Iron and Steel Engineer,1999, (8):56-59
[7]翟有有.炼钢——工序转炉炼钢能耗现状分析[J].甘肃冶金.2008,30(1)：62-63
[8]李世龙,孟祥燕.转炉负能炼钢与煤气回收技术[C].中国钢铁年会论文集(下),北京,1997,23-27
[9]杨家国.实现转炉负能炼钢的措施[J].能源研究与利用,2007,6：7-9
[10]王英均.宝钢转炉炼钢工序能耗现状分析及其措施[C].全国炼钢、连铸生产技术会议,上海,2002,164-166
[11]刘占增,蒋扬虎,丁翠娇等.武钢炼钢总厂三分厂转炉负能炼钢实践[J].武钢技术,2009,47(5)：1-6
[12]刘雪平,张新彦.邯钢转炉实现“负能炼钢”的现状与措施[J].冶金能源,2006,25(6)：6-9
[13]郑筱莉,兰海,赵小卉.南钢转炉实现“负能”炼钢的探讨[J].江西冶金,2008, 28(2)：12-15
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