纳米磁粉/石墨烯异质结构材料的制备及其应用研究
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摘要
纳米磁粉/石墨烯异质结构微粉由于其稳定的化学和物理性质,在包括环境、能源、生物医药、催化等的很多领域中具有广泛的应用前景。因此,对磁性石墨烯基异质结构微粉的制备和其性质研究最近几年备受关注。本论文结果如下：
1形状可控的单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的热分解制备及其磁性
我们采用热分解法,使用十二烷二醇为还原剂,成功地合成了形状和尺寸可控的单分散Fe3O4纳米颗粒。通过调节表面活性剂的使用比例,纳米颗粒的形状可容易地控制为球形、立方体和六边形。通过对上百纳米粒子的HRTEM照片和单个纳米粒子STEM图像的分析,我们发现六边形的纳米颗粒为截角八面体,并且其表面出现了很多热力学不稳定的{100}和{111}高能晶面。磁性测量结果表明,截角八面体纳米晶在室温下表现为铁磁性。通过缓慢蒸发溶剂,截角八面体纳米晶可自组装成有序的二维和三维超晶格,这种有序的三维超晶格具有体心立方结构。截角八面体超晶格结构的研究为新一代纳米器件的推广以及应用提供了一种新的方向和设计思路。
2Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们通过一个简单的多羟基法成功地制备出了Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉。并在纳米尺度上,对其形态、化学和晶体结构进行了系统的表征。我们发现,每个Fe3O4纳米颗粒是具有立方尖晶石结构的多晶材料。我们采用FT-IR光谱、拉曼光谱,热重/差热分析(TG-DTA), X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉的化学价键、表面成分以及形貌结构等进行了详细的表征。微波吸收研究表明,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉/石蜡(50wt%)复合材料在1.48mm的厚度时,其反射损耗值可达-30.1分贝,其匹配频率为17.2GHz。与单纯的Fe3O4纳米颗粒相比,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉表现出良好的微波吸收特性。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
3FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们通过简单的多羟基合成法成功地制备出了颗粒膜状的CoFe2O4/graphene异质结构微粉,然后在氢气氛围中进行热处理制备得到了FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉。结合FeCo合金纳米颗粒优越的磁性质和石墨烯优良的导电性和密度小的特点,相比CoFe2O4纳米颗粒和CoFe2O4/graphene, FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉显示出了优异的吸波特性。FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉／石蜡(50wt%)复合材料在1.48-10mm的厚度范围内其反射损耗在1.5-18GHz的频率范围内均大于10dB。当吸波体的厚度为2.5mm时,在9GHz处出现最大的反射吸收值(-40dB)。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
4Fe/graphene的异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们使用硼氢化钠作为还原剂,通过水溶液还原法成功地制备出了Fe/graphene异质结构微粉。结合Fe纳米颗粒优越的磁性质和石墨烯优良的导电性和密度小的特点,Fe/graphene异质结构微粉显示出了优异的吸波特性。当Fe/graphene异质结构微粉／石蜡(50wt%)复合材料的厚度为2.6mm时,吸波体在2.5GHz处具有-43dB的反射吸收值。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
综上所述,对磁性石墨烯基异质结构材料微波吸收特性的研究表明,石墨烯基磁性材料在未来轻质雷达波吸收材料的设计中具有广泛的潜在应用。
5Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料用于固定化酶。
我们首次使用Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉用于固定化猪胰脂肪酶。结合Fe304纳米颗粒易分离的特点和石墨烯大的比表面积等优势,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉在固定化脂肪酶时具有高的载酶量,并且可通过外加磁场轻易地从溶液中分离出来。猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)固定在Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉上后可多次重复使用并仍能保持很高的催化活性。另外经过Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料固定化后的脂肪酶具有非常好的热稳定性。我们的工作表明Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料为未来固定化酶领域提供了一个新的途径和策略,为未来绿色化学和可持续发展的实际应用提供了一种新的思考方式。
Nano-magnetic powders/graphene hybrids have been applicated in various fields, including environments, energy, biomedicine, catalysis and so on, owning to its stable chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the fabrication of nano-magnetic powders/graphene hybrids has attracted much attention in recent years. In the thesis, the achievements are as follows:
1. Shape-cotrolled synthesis and magnetic properties of monodispersed Fe3O4nanoparticles through thermal decomposition
Monodispersed hexagonal Fe3O4nanocrystals with high-energy facets were successfully synthesized through a facile modified thermal decomposition method using low-cost1,2-duodecanediol as reducing agent. The shape of the nanocrystals could be easily controlled among spherical, cubic and hexagonal shape by adjusting the molar ratio of surfactants. The hexagonal nanocrystals are proved to have a truncated octahedral shape by analyzing the HRTEM photographs of more than one hundred nanoparticles and STEM images of individual nanocrystals. The truncated octahedral nanocrystals have a large percentage of high-energy{100} and{111} facets exposed, which is thermodynamically unstable. Magnetic measurements show that the truncated octahedral nanocrystals behave ferromagnetic at room temperatures. These Fe3O4nanocrystals could self-assemble into two-dimensional and three-dimensional superlattices. The corresponding FFT patterns show that the super crystal is a bcc structure. Our work reveals that the non-spherical superlattice may be applied in a new generation of nanodevices.
2. Fabrication of FeO4graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
Novel Fe3O4graphene hybrids for applications including microwave-absorbing materials have been fabricated by a simple polyol method, and their morphology, chemistry and crystal structure have been characterized at the nanoscale. It is found that each Fe3O4graphene nanocomposite has a polycrystalline with an fcc spinel structure and an uniform chemical phase. It is suggested that individual Fe3O4nanoparticles chemically bond to the graphene sheets based on the analysis of Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight Fe3O4/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites have a maximum RL value of-30.1dB at a1.48mm matching thickness and17.2GHz matching frequency, suggesting a good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the Fe3O4/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites.
3. Fabrication of FeCo/graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
FeCo/graphene hybrids have been fabricated by a simple polyol method followed by annealing in H2, and their morphology, chemistry and crystal structure have been characterized at the nanoscale. Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites are good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption in comparison with CoFe2O4and CoFe2O4/graphene hybrids. The reflection loss value is above-10dB in the frequency range of1.5-18GHz, when the thickness of the absorber was in the range of1.5-10mm. And the light-weight FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites have a maximum RL value of-40dB at a2.5mm matching thickness and9GHz matching frequency. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites.
4. Fabrication of Fe/graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
Fe/graphene hybrids were prepared by a simple reduced method, and their microwave absorption properties were studied. Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight Fe/graphene hybrids/paraffins (70wt%) composites are good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption. The light-weight Fe/graphene hybrids/paraffins (70wt%) have a maximum RL value of-43dB at a2.6mm matching thickness and2.5GHz matching frequency. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the Fe/graphene hybrids.
5. Fabrication of Fe3O4/graphene hybrids for lipase immobilization
Graphene decorated with magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles are used to immobilize porcine pancreatic lipase for the first time. Fe3O4nanoparticles are found to be chemically bonded onto graphene sheets. Fe3O4/graphene hybrids show an excellent efficiency of immobilizing porcine pancreatic lipase, but, greatly dependent on the pH value, temperature and denaturant. The porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on Fe3O4/graphene hybrids becomes recyclable and have a remarkable thermal-stability in comparison with a free porcine pancreatic lipase. Our work demonstrates that Fe3O4/graphene hybrids are high-quality and novel carriers for immobilizing lipase, which could be a good candidate for lipase immobilization.
1形状可控的单分散Fe3O4纳米粒子的热分解制备及其磁性
我们采用热分解法,使用十二烷二醇为还原剂,成功地合成了形状和尺寸可控的单分散Fe3O4纳米颗粒。通过调节表面活性剂的使用比例,纳米颗粒的形状可容易地控制为球形、立方体和六边形。通过对上百纳米粒子的HRTEM照片和单个纳米粒子STEM图像的分析,我们发现六边形的纳米颗粒为截角八面体,并且其表面出现了很多热力学不稳定的{100}和{111}高能晶面。磁性测量结果表明,截角八面体纳米晶在室温下表现为铁磁性。通过缓慢蒸发溶剂,截角八面体纳米晶可自组装成有序的二维和三维超晶格,这种有序的三维超晶格具有体心立方结构。截角八面体超晶格结构的研究为新一代纳米器件的推广以及应用提供了一种新的方向和设计思路。
2Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们通过一个简单的多羟基法成功地制备出了Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉。并在纳米尺度上,对其形态、化学和晶体结构进行了系统的表征。我们发现,每个Fe3O4纳米颗粒是具有立方尖晶石结构的多晶材料。我们采用FT-IR光谱、拉曼光谱,热重/差热分析(TG-DTA), X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉的化学价键、表面成分以及形貌结构等进行了详细的表征。微波吸收研究表明,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉/石蜡(50wt%)复合材料在1.48mm的厚度时,其反射损耗值可达-30.1分贝,其匹配频率为17.2GHz。与单纯的Fe3O4纳米颗粒相比,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉表现出良好的微波吸收特性。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
3FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们通过简单的多羟基合成法成功地制备出了颗粒膜状的CoFe2O4/graphene异质结构微粉,然后在氢气氛围中进行热处理制备得到了FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉。结合FeCo合金纳米颗粒优越的磁性质和石墨烯优良的导电性和密度小的特点,相比CoFe2O4纳米颗粒和CoFe2O4/graphene, FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉显示出了优异的吸波特性。FeCo/graphene异质结构微粉／石蜡(50wt%)复合材料在1.48-10mm的厚度范围内其反射损耗在1.5-18GHz的频率范围内均大于10dB。当吸波体的厚度为2.5mm时,在9GHz处出现最大的反射吸收值(-40dB)。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
4Fe/graphene的异质结构微粉的制备及其微波吸收特性。
我们使用硼氢化钠作为还原剂,通过水溶液还原法成功地制备出了Fe/graphene异质结构微粉。结合Fe纳米颗粒优越的磁性质和石墨烯优良的导电性和密度小的特点,Fe/graphene异质结构微粉显示出了优异的吸波特性。当Fe/graphene异质结构微粉／石蜡(50wt%)复合材料的厚度为2.6mm时,吸波体在2.5GHz处具有-43dB的反射吸收值。其微波吸收机理可用界面反射模型描述。
综上所述,对磁性石墨烯基异质结构材料微波吸收特性的研究表明,石墨烯基磁性材料在未来轻质雷达波吸收材料的设计中具有广泛的潜在应用。
5Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料用于固定化酶。
我们首次使用Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉用于固定化猪胰脂肪酶。结合Fe304纳米颗粒易分离的特点和石墨烯大的比表面积等优势,Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉在固定化脂肪酶时具有高的载酶量,并且可通过外加磁场轻易地从溶液中分离出来。猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)固定在Fe3O4/graphene异质结构微粉上后可多次重复使用并仍能保持很高的催化活性。另外经过Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料固定化后的脂肪酶具有非常好的热稳定性。我们的工作表明Fe3O4/graphene异质结构材料为未来固定化酶领域提供了一个新的途径和策略,为未来绿色化学和可持续发展的实际应用提供了一种新的思考方式。
Nano-magnetic powders/graphene hybrids have been applicated in various fields, including environments, energy, biomedicine, catalysis and so on, owning to its stable chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the fabrication of nano-magnetic powders/graphene hybrids has attracted much attention in recent years. In the thesis, the achievements are as follows:
1. Shape-cotrolled synthesis and magnetic properties of monodispersed Fe3O4nanoparticles through thermal decomposition
Monodispersed hexagonal Fe3O4nanocrystals with high-energy facets were successfully synthesized through a facile modified thermal decomposition method using low-cost1,2-duodecanediol as reducing agent. The shape of the nanocrystals could be easily controlled among spherical, cubic and hexagonal shape by adjusting the molar ratio of surfactants. The hexagonal nanocrystals are proved to have a truncated octahedral shape by analyzing the HRTEM photographs of more than one hundred nanoparticles and STEM images of individual nanocrystals. The truncated octahedral nanocrystals have a large percentage of high-energy{100} and{111} facets exposed, which is thermodynamically unstable. Magnetic measurements show that the truncated octahedral nanocrystals behave ferromagnetic at room temperatures. These Fe3O4nanocrystals could self-assemble into two-dimensional and three-dimensional superlattices. The corresponding FFT patterns show that the super crystal is a bcc structure. Our work reveals that the non-spherical superlattice may be applied in a new generation of nanodevices.
2. Fabrication of FeO4graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
Novel Fe3O4graphene hybrids for applications including microwave-absorbing materials have been fabricated by a simple polyol method, and their morphology, chemistry and crystal structure have been characterized at the nanoscale. It is found that each Fe3O4graphene nanocomposite has a polycrystalline with an fcc spinel structure and an uniform chemical phase. It is suggested that individual Fe3O4nanoparticles chemically bond to the graphene sheets based on the analysis of Raman, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight Fe3O4/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites have a maximum RL value of-30.1dB at a1.48mm matching thickness and17.2GHz matching frequency, suggesting a good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the Fe3O4/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites.
3. Fabrication of FeCo/graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
FeCo/graphene hybrids have been fabricated by a simple polyol method followed by annealing in H2, and their morphology, chemistry and crystal structure have been characterized at the nanoscale. Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites are good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption in comparison with CoFe2O4and CoFe2O4/graphene hybrids. The reflection loss value is above-10dB in the frequency range of1.5-18GHz, when the thickness of the absorber was in the range of1.5-10mm. And the light-weight FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites have a maximum RL value of-40dB at a2.5mm matching thickness and9GHz matching frequency. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the FeCo/graphene hybrids/paraffins (50wt%) composites.
4. Fabrication of Fe/graphene hybrids and their magnetic properies
Fe/graphene hybrids were prepared by a simple reduced method, and their microwave absorption properties were studied. Microwave absorption measurement shows that the light-weight Fe/graphene hybrids/paraffins (70wt%) composites are good quality of electromagnetic wave absorption. The light-weight Fe/graphene hybrids/paraffins (70wt%) have a maximum RL value of-43dB at a2.6mm matching thickness and2.5GHz matching frequency. Theoretical analysis using transmission line theory and quarter-wave principles is adapted to describe the microwave absorption behavior of the Fe/graphene hybrids.
5. Fabrication of Fe3O4/graphene hybrids for lipase immobilization
Graphene decorated with magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles are used to immobilize porcine pancreatic lipase for the first time. Fe3O4nanoparticles are found to be chemically bonded onto graphene sheets. Fe3O4/graphene hybrids show an excellent efficiency of immobilizing porcine pancreatic lipase, but, greatly dependent on the pH value, temperature and denaturant. The porcine pancreatic lipase immobilized on Fe3O4/graphene hybrids becomes recyclable and have a remarkable thermal-stability in comparison with a free porcine pancreatic lipase. Our work demonstrates that Fe3O4/graphene hybrids are high-quality and novel carriers for immobilizing lipase, which could be a good candidate for lipase immobilization.
引文
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