大型LNG储罐基础隔震与晃动控制研究
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摘要
发展低碳经济需要低碳能源的支撑,天然气(LNG)无疑是现阶段最现实的选择之一。保存LNG的重要设施是LNG储罐,由于存贮易燃、易爆LNG介质,其抵御突发性地震等自然灾害的能力是该设施的重要设计指标,特别是次生灾害易造成火灾和环境污染,给人类的生存和生态环境造成严重的影响,给生产和国民经济造成严重损失。所以其减震设计研究在LNG储罐设计中显得尤为重要。本文针对国内外研究现状,在已有研究成果的基础上开展大型LNG储罐基础隔震与晃动控制研究,主要研究内容如下：
(1)大型LNG储罐钢制内罐基础隔震理论基础：为了给LNG储罐钢制内罐基础隔震提供理论支撑,将基础隔震措施引入到现有储罐抗震简化模型中,采用数值积分法对150000m3储罐进行隔震分析与孙建刚模型进行对比,结果表明：基础隔震能够降低储罐的地震响应,不能有效控制晃动波高,本文采用的模型是可行的,适用的。
(2)大型LNG储罐基础隔震基本理论：为了给大型LNG储罐基础隔震设计提供理论和技术支撑,以大型全容式LNG储罐为研究对象,推导了LNG储罐基础隔震水平与竖向地震激励下的动响应分析理论,建立了基底剪力、倾覆力矩、晃动波高等基本理论表达。针对160000m3大型LNG储罐进行数值分析,结果表明：基底剪力和倾覆力矩明显降低,晃动波高有所放大,设计时应考虑隔震层参数的影响,进行优化对比设计；LNG储罐抗震减震设计时,应考虑竖向地震激励的影响。
(3)大型LNG储罐基础隔震有限元数值仿真分析：为了给LNG储罐基础隔震基本理论提供数值支撑,应用有限元数值仿真技术建立160000m3全容式LNG储罐基础隔震有限元模型,对其进行基底剪力、倾覆力矩、晃动波高等地震响应分析,并与理论分析进行了对比。表明：LNG储罐的罐壁加速度、动液压力、有效应力、基底剪力和基底弯矩等地震响应减震效果明显,晃动波高有所放大；理论解与有限元解基底剪力比较接近,晃动波高的理论解需要进行增大修正。
(4)大型LNG储罐基础隔震反应谱设计研究：为了便于工程设计人员应用,将LNG储罐基础隔震力学模型进一步简化,基于反应谱设计理论,推导了LNG储罐基础隔震的反应谱设计方法。通过160000m3LNG储罐基础隔震反应谱设计算例分析和时程分析补充计算,表明：该反应谱设计方法是可行的,能够便于工程设计人员对LNG储罐进行基础隔震设计的需要。
(5)大型LNG储罐晃动控制研究：为了控制储液晃动波高,在引入基础隔震措施的基础上,在储液表面附加防晃装置,构成综合减震体系,推导系统控制方程。选取160000m3全容式LNG储罐对其进行晃动控制分析,结果表明：刚性浮盘防晃阻尼装置能够有效降低储液的晃动波高,与基础隔震装置联合使用,能够起到综合减震的目的。
(6)大型LNG储罐模拟地震振动台实验研究：为了给理论计算、有限元分析和工程设计提供实验支撑,以1000m3储罐为原型,给出了1：5储罐结构缩尺模型以及采用铅芯橡胶垫隔震支座隔震体系的模拟振动台试验方案；在地震激励下,通过参数测量技术得到储罐的位移和加速度地震响应,并将试验结果同理论计算的有限元数值分析结果进行比较。表明：有限元解和理论解是可行的,三者互相验证。
The development of low-carbon economy needs the support of low-carbon energy; natural gas is one of the most realistic options at this stage. The LNG storage tanks are important facilities which are saving LNG, because of storage flammable, explosive media, the ability to anti sudden earthquakes and other natural disasters is an important design index, especially the secondary disaster-prone cause fires and environmental pollution, and cause serious effects to human existence and the ecological environment, causing serious losses to the production and the national economy. So, damping design research is particularly important in the LNG storage tank design. In this paper, based on existing research development, the base isolation and sloshing control of large LNG storage tanks are carried out, the main contents are as follows:
(1) Steel inner tank base isolation theoretical basis large-scale of LNG storage tank: To provide theoretical support for the steel inner tank base isolation theory, base isolation measures to introduce seismic simplified model of the existing storage tank, using numerical integration method, through isolation analysis of 150000m3 tank compared with the Sun Jiangang model, the results shows that:base isolation can reduce the seismic response of the tank, but not effectively control the sloshing wave height, adopting model is feasible, and applicable.
(2) Base isolation basis theory of large LNG storage tank:To provide theoretical and technical support to large full containment LNG storage tanks, the base isolation basis theory of LNG storage tank under vertical seismic excitation theory is derived. The expression of base shear, overturning moment, and sloshing wave height are established. Through numerical analysis of 160000m3 LNG storage tank, the results showed that:the base shear and overturning moment is significantly reduced, the sloshing wave height is amplified, it should optimize design take into account the impact of the isolation layer parameters when the design. Considering the impact of vertical seismic excitation is necessary when design LNG storage tank.
(3) Finite element numerical simulation analysis of base isolation large LNG storage tanks:To provide numerical support to the basic theory of the base isolation storage tank,160000m3 full containment LNG storage tanks base isolation finite element model is established using the finite element numerical simulation technology, through analyzing base shear, overturning moment, and sloshing wave height, and compared with the theoretical analysis. The results show that:the damping of tank wall acceleration, dynamic fluid pressure, effective stress, base shear and base moment are obvious, the sloshing wave height has been enlarged; the base shear of theoretical solution close to the finite element, theoretical sloshing wave height need correction.
(4) Response spectrum design of base isolation LNG storage tank:To facilitate the application of engineering, base isolation mechanical model of the LNG storage tank is further simplified. Based on the response spectrum theory, the response spectrum design method of LNG storage tank base isolation is derived. By 160000m3LNG tank base isolation response spectrum design and time history analysis supplement calculation. The method is feasible, to facilitate the engineering design.
(5) Sloshing control of large LNG tank:To control sloshing wave height of storage tank, on the basis of base isolation measures, additional anti-sloshing device, constitute the integrated. damping system, and control equations of system is derived. Selecting 160000m3 full containment LNG storage tanks, the results show that:rigid floating plate anti-sloshing damping device can effectively reduce the sloshing wave height, used in conjunction with the base isolation device can play an integrated damping purposes.
(6) Shaking table test of large LNG storage tanks:To provide experimental support to theoretical, finite element analysis and engineering design, selecting 1000m3 tank prototype, shaking table test scheme of 1:5 tank structure scale model with lead rubber isolation bearing isolation system is given; displacement and acceleration of the tank through the parameter measurement techniques are obtained, and experimental results with theoretical and finite element numerical results are compared. The finite element solution and theoretical solution is feasible, the three mutual authentication.
(1)大型LNG储罐钢制内罐基础隔震理论基础：为了给LNG储罐钢制内罐基础隔震提供理论支撑,将基础隔震措施引入到现有储罐抗震简化模型中,采用数值积分法对150000m3储罐进行隔震分析与孙建刚模型进行对比,结果表明：基础隔震能够降低储罐的地震响应,不能有效控制晃动波高,本文采用的模型是可行的,适用的。
(2)大型LNG储罐基础隔震基本理论：为了给大型LNG储罐基础隔震设计提供理论和技术支撑,以大型全容式LNG储罐为研究对象,推导了LNG储罐基础隔震水平与竖向地震激励下的动响应分析理论,建立了基底剪力、倾覆力矩、晃动波高等基本理论表达。针对160000m3大型LNG储罐进行数值分析,结果表明：基底剪力和倾覆力矩明显降低,晃动波高有所放大,设计时应考虑隔震层参数的影响,进行优化对比设计；LNG储罐抗震减震设计时,应考虑竖向地震激励的影响。
(3)大型LNG储罐基础隔震有限元数值仿真分析：为了给LNG储罐基础隔震基本理论提供数值支撑,应用有限元数值仿真技术建立160000m3全容式LNG储罐基础隔震有限元模型,对其进行基底剪力、倾覆力矩、晃动波高等地震响应分析,并与理论分析进行了对比。表明：LNG储罐的罐壁加速度、动液压力、有效应力、基底剪力和基底弯矩等地震响应减震效果明显,晃动波高有所放大；理论解与有限元解基底剪力比较接近,晃动波高的理论解需要进行增大修正。
(4)大型LNG储罐基础隔震反应谱设计研究：为了便于工程设计人员应用,将LNG储罐基础隔震力学模型进一步简化,基于反应谱设计理论,推导了LNG储罐基础隔震的反应谱设计方法。通过160000m3LNG储罐基础隔震反应谱设计算例分析和时程分析补充计算,表明：该反应谱设计方法是可行的,能够便于工程设计人员对LNG储罐进行基础隔震设计的需要。
(5)大型LNG储罐晃动控制研究：为了控制储液晃动波高,在引入基础隔震措施的基础上,在储液表面附加防晃装置,构成综合减震体系,推导系统控制方程。选取160000m3全容式LNG储罐对其进行晃动控制分析,结果表明：刚性浮盘防晃阻尼装置能够有效降低储液的晃动波高,与基础隔震装置联合使用,能够起到综合减震的目的。
(6)大型LNG储罐模拟地震振动台实验研究：为了给理论计算、有限元分析和工程设计提供实验支撑,以1000m3储罐为原型,给出了1：5储罐结构缩尺模型以及采用铅芯橡胶垫隔震支座隔震体系的模拟振动台试验方案；在地震激励下,通过参数测量技术得到储罐的位移和加速度地震响应,并将试验结果同理论计算的有限元数值分析结果进行比较。表明：有限元解和理论解是可行的,三者互相验证。
The development of low-carbon economy needs the support of low-carbon energy; natural gas is one of the most realistic options at this stage. The LNG storage tanks are important facilities which are saving LNG, because of storage flammable, explosive media, the ability to anti sudden earthquakes and other natural disasters is an important design index, especially the secondary disaster-prone cause fires and environmental pollution, and cause serious effects to human existence and the ecological environment, causing serious losses to the production and the national economy. So, damping design research is particularly important in the LNG storage tank design. In this paper, based on existing research development, the base isolation and sloshing control of large LNG storage tanks are carried out, the main contents are as follows:
(1) Steel inner tank base isolation theoretical basis large-scale of LNG storage tank: To provide theoretical support for the steel inner tank base isolation theory, base isolation measures to introduce seismic simplified model of the existing storage tank, using numerical integration method, through isolation analysis of 150000m3 tank compared with the Sun Jiangang model, the results shows that:base isolation can reduce the seismic response of the tank, but not effectively control the sloshing wave height, adopting model is feasible, and applicable.
(2) Base isolation basis theory of large LNG storage tank:To provide theoretical and technical support to large full containment LNG storage tanks, the base isolation basis theory of LNG storage tank under vertical seismic excitation theory is derived. The expression of base shear, overturning moment, and sloshing wave height are established. Through numerical analysis of 160000m3 LNG storage tank, the results showed that:the base shear and overturning moment is significantly reduced, the sloshing wave height is amplified, it should optimize design take into account the impact of the isolation layer parameters when the design. Considering the impact of vertical seismic excitation is necessary when design LNG storage tank.
(3) Finite element numerical simulation analysis of base isolation large LNG storage tanks:To provide numerical support to the basic theory of the base isolation storage tank,160000m3 full containment LNG storage tanks base isolation finite element model is established using the finite element numerical simulation technology, through analyzing base shear, overturning moment, and sloshing wave height, and compared with the theoretical analysis. The results show that:the damping of tank wall acceleration, dynamic fluid pressure, effective stress, base shear and base moment are obvious, the sloshing wave height has been enlarged; the base shear of theoretical solution close to the finite element, theoretical sloshing wave height need correction.
(4) Response spectrum design of base isolation LNG storage tank:To facilitate the application of engineering, base isolation mechanical model of the LNG storage tank is further simplified. Based on the response spectrum theory, the response spectrum design method of LNG storage tank base isolation is derived. By 160000m3LNG tank base isolation response spectrum design and time history analysis supplement calculation. The method is feasible, to facilitate the engineering design.
(5) Sloshing control of large LNG tank:To control sloshing wave height of storage tank, on the basis of base isolation measures, additional anti-sloshing device, constitute the integrated. damping system, and control equations of system is derived. Selecting 160000m3 full containment LNG storage tanks, the results show that:rigid floating plate anti-sloshing damping device can effectively reduce the sloshing wave height, used in conjunction with the base isolation device can play an integrated damping purposes.
(6) Shaking table test of large LNG storage tanks:To provide experimental support to theoretical, finite element analysis and engineering design, selecting 1000m3 tank prototype, shaking table test scheme of 1:5 tank structure scale model with lead rubber isolation bearing isolation system is given; displacement and acceleration of the tank through the parameter measurement techniques are obtained, and experimental results with theoretical and finite element numerical results are compared. The finite element solution and theoretical solution is feasible, the three mutual authentication.
引文
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