大庆油田集中供热系统优化与管理研究
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摘要
随着城市建设规模的扩大和热用户的不断增多,我国城市供热机构已越来越重视供热管网的优化规划及改造工作。进行城市集中供热系统的优化研究,不但对节约投资、降低供热能耗、提高企业效益等有着重要的意义,而且是实现供热安全可靠的重要环节。因此,热网的优化规划具有重要的社会效益,是城市供热行业有待解决的研究课题。由于供热管网的优化在供热工程中占有重要地位,国内外学者对其进行了广泛而深入的研究,提出了多种优化方法,但这些方法在实际应用中均存在一定的局限性。
本文以大庆集中供热的具体现状为研究对象,提出具体的系统优化与管理策略,主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)采用整体效益与经济效益相结合的原则,对大庆地区的集中供热系统现状进行了具体的调研,改造了原有的监控系统,提出了合理有效的优化改造方案。
(2)考虑眼前利益与长远利益的合理要求,建立多热源环网运行方案,通过可及性分析,对多热源和环状网的水力状况进行模拟计算,对下一步优化管网的水力调度和进一步完善管网的稳定性提供了理论依据。
(3)在供热系统运行调节策略的研究中,引入了模糊控制策略。由于各个热力站实行独立调节,不能从整体上进行控制,在热源热量不足的情况下,容易引起各热力站争热源的现象,导致热网末梢热力站无热可供,造成热用户水平失调和垂直失调。通过模糊控制器限定每个热力站可以获取的流量,即为热力站的阀门开度设定上限和下限,这样即使某个热力站的热量再低也只能有限的增加流量不会严重影响到其它热力站。
(4)运用神经网络理论对各种热源动态负荷预测进行了研究,利用神经网络开发了适用于供热负荷预测的PM—RBF算法,通过仿真得出,该算法具有良好的预测精度和速度,能够较好地解决我市集中供热负荷的预测问题,并为系统的总体优化调度提供了基础。
(5)在供热流量调节的研究中,为实现对集中供热网的整体控制,本文中采用了具有全局优化性能的遗传算法。以大庆集中供热网的优化为基础,深入探讨了基于遗传算法的流量优化控制策略,即根据二次网热负荷进行一次网流量的合理分配,实现均匀供热的目的。通过仿真实验证明,此算法是可行的,具有使各热力子站二次侧供回水平均温度趋于一致,达到均匀供热的效果,从而能够为用户创造舒适的生活环境。
(6)结合节能理论,应用技术经济分析方法分析大规模供热工程。供热工程要有效地服务于社会建设,就必须对各种技术方案、措施和设计工程的经济效益进行评价和分析比较。本文运用节能理论对供热工程中热源、热网、热力站和热用户以及运行管理和调节四个环节进行节能技术的探讨,提出了多种节能措施并进行了相应的经济分析。
(7)结合大庆未来发展的需要,对大庆油田集中供热系统进行了评价和规划。并从节能管理、热用户管理、分户计量收费和员工培训与管理等方面提出了大庆油田集中供热系统运营管理的具体策略,为提高大庆油田集中供热系统的运行效率和供热企业的持续发展提供了理论依据。
With enlargement of the urban construction scale and the increasing constantly of heat users, our country's urban heating organizations pay attention to optimization planning and transformation of the heating of pipe network more and more already. Carrying on the research of optimization of the central heating pipe network in the city, not only there are important meanings to economize the investment, reduce heating energy consumption,and improve enterprise's benefit etc, but also it is the important tache to realize safe and reliable heating. So, optimizing and planning the heat network has important social benefits and it is a subject to be solved urgently by urban heating trade. Because the optimization of the heating pipe network has the important position in the heating project, the domestic and the international scholars have carried on extensive and deep research.They have proposed many kinds of optimization methods, but there is certain limitation in practical application in these methods.
This paper studies the specific status of Daqing central heating system, aiming at improving and optimizing Daqing central heating system and put forward concrete optimization strategies. The main contents include the following:
(1)This paper investigated the status of Daqing central heating system, and transformed the original control system, and made a reasonable and effective automation programme.
(2) It also established the programme with a multi-heat ring network running. Through accessibility analysis, simulated and computed the hydraulic conditions of the multi-heat and ring network, and it provides a theoretical basis for the next optimization of the pipe network's hydraulic scheduling and further improving the stability of the network.
(3)In the study to heating system operating strategy adjustment, introduced the fuzzy control strategy.Every thermal consumer implements adjusting by themselves, so they can't be controlled entirely.When there is not enough heat, some thermal consumer may grab food.It will lead to the thermal consumer at the end of heating network badly off heat.Fuzzy logic control used to limit opening degree of the eleetronic valve in this paper. So methermal consumer, which is short of heat, only can obtain limited heat.This method can avoid other thermal consumers from infection.
(4)This paper uses neural network theory to research the various sources of heat dynamic load forecast, and developing the PM-RBF algorithm by using neural network which adapts to the predietion of the heat burden.By simulating experiment, the algorithm has favorable precision and speed of predietion, solving the prediction problem of the heating system and providing the basis for optimization and dispatehing of the system.
(5) In the research of heat flow regulation, in order to realize the macro control of the District Heating Network, Genetic Algorithm is used, which has the function of optimization in the overall solution area. On the basis of Daqing Heating Network, which is an indirect connection network, the control strategy based on Genetic Algorithm is presented and discussed thoroughly in the second part of this paper. Using this method, the flowrate in the primary heating network is distributed evenly according to the heating load of the secondary heating network, which is the so called even distribution method. According to the simulation result, this control strategy is effective. It can make the average temperature of the supplying water and return water in every substation tends to be equal, which guarantees well-proportioned flow distribution in the primary heating network. Meanwhile, a comfortable living environment can be created in people's daily life.
(6)Heat supply engineering should serve the soeial construction in an effective way and for this purpose, aproper evaluation, analysis and comparison must be carried out upon the various technical plans, measures and the economic benefit of the designed engineering, that is to say, it must stress the economic benefit and calculate the account of economy. The technical economy an alysis is an indispensable and important work part in the large-scale heat supply engineering projects and for any one large and huge engineering project, it should be fully and scientifically based upon either the technology or the economy. It also makes use of the energy-saving theory to go into the four links of the energy-saving technologies in aspects of heat resources, heat network, heat supply station and the heat-supply users in the heat supply engineering project as well as the heat supply operation, management and adjustment and also put forward many kinds of energy-saving measures and the corresponding economic analyses thereof.
(7) Finally, with the needs of future development, Daqing central heating system was optimized planning. In the optimize design of heat source, introduced FAHP, and achieved good results. The result proves that the model which has been put forward can reach the demand for using and the result is satisfactory; From the point of view energy-efficient management, heat user management, household metering management and employee training management, the paper puts forward operating management strategies of Daqing central hearing system, which can give a guide for improving efficiency and effectiveness of Daqing oilfield.
本文以大庆集中供热的具体现状为研究对象,提出具体的系统优化与管理策略,主要的研究内容包括以下几个方面：
(1)采用整体效益与经济效益相结合的原则,对大庆地区的集中供热系统现状进行了具体的调研,改造了原有的监控系统,提出了合理有效的优化改造方案。
(2)考虑眼前利益与长远利益的合理要求,建立多热源环网运行方案,通过可及性分析,对多热源和环状网的水力状况进行模拟计算,对下一步优化管网的水力调度和进一步完善管网的稳定性提供了理论依据。
(3)在供热系统运行调节策略的研究中,引入了模糊控制策略。由于各个热力站实行独立调节,不能从整体上进行控制,在热源热量不足的情况下,容易引起各热力站争热源的现象,导致热网末梢热力站无热可供,造成热用户水平失调和垂直失调。通过模糊控制器限定每个热力站可以获取的流量,即为热力站的阀门开度设定上限和下限,这样即使某个热力站的热量再低也只能有限的增加流量不会严重影响到其它热力站。
(4)运用神经网络理论对各种热源动态负荷预测进行了研究,利用神经网络开发了适用于供热负荷预测的PM—RBF算法,通过仿真得出,该算法具有良好的预测精度和速度,能够较好地解决我市集中供热负荷的预测问题,并为系统的总体优化调度提供了基础。
(5)在供热流量调节的研究中,为实现对集中供热网的整体控制,本文中采用了具有全局优化性能的遗传算法。以大庆集中供热网的优化为基础,深入探讨了基于遗传算法的流量优化控制策略,即根据二次网热负荷进行一次网流量的合理分配,实现均匀供热的目的。通过仿真实验证明,此算法是可行的,具有使各热力子站二次侧供回水平均温度趋于一致,达到均匀供热的效果,从而能够为用户创造舒适的生活环境。
(6)结合节能理论,应用技术经济分析方法分析大规模供热工程。供热工程要有效地服务于社会建设,就必须对各种技术方案、措施和设计工程的经济效益进行评价和分析比较。本文运用节能理论对供热工程中热源、热网、热力站和热用户以及运行管理和调节四个环节进行节能技术的探讨,提出了多种节能措施并进行了相应的经济分析。
(7)结合大庆未来发展的需要,对大庆油田集中供热系统进行了评价和规划。并从节能管理、热用户管理、分户计量收费和员工培训与管理等方面提出了大庆油田集中供热系统运营管理的具体策略,为提高大庆油田集中供热系统的运行效率和供热企业的持续发展提供了理论依据。
With enlargement of the urban construction scale and the increasing constantly of heat users, our country's urban heating organizations pay attention to optimization planning and transformation of the heating of pipe network more and more already. Carrying on the research of optimization of the central heating pipe network in the city, not only there are important meanings to economize the investment, reduce heating energy consumption,and improve enterprise's benefit etc, but also it is the important tache to realize safe and reliable heating. So, optimizing and planning the heat network has important social benefits and it is a subject to be solved urgently by urban heating trade. Because the optimization of the heating pipe network has the important position in the heating project, the domestic and the international scholars have carried on extensive and deep research.They have proposed many kinds of optimization methods, but there is certain limitation in practical application in these methods.
This paper studies the specific status of Daqing central heating system, aiming at improving and optimizing Daqing central heating system and put forward concrete optimization strategies. The main contents include the following:
(1)This paper investigated the status of Daqing central heating system, and transformed the original control system, and made a reasonable and effective automation programme.
(2) It also established the programme with a multi-heat ring network running. Through accessibility analysis, simulated and computed the hydraulic conditions of the multi-heat and ring network, and it provides a theoretical basis for the next optimization of the pipe network's hydraulic scheduling and further improving the stability of the network.
(3)In the study to heating system operating strategy adjustment, introduced the fuzzy control strategy.Every thermal consumer implements adjusting by themselves, so they can't be controlled entirely.When there is not enough heat, some thermal consumer may grab food.It will lead to the thermal consumer at the end of heating network badly off heat.Fuzzy logic control used to limit opening degree of the eleetronic valve in this paper. So methermal consumer, which is short of heat, only can obtain limited heat.This method can avoid other thermal consumers from infection.
(4)This paper uses neural network theory to research the various sources of heat dynamic load forecast, and developing the PM-RBF algorithm by using neural network which adapts to the predietion of the heat burden.By simulating experiment, the algorithm has favorable precision and speed of predietion, solving the prediction problem of the heating system and providing the basis for optimization and dispatehing of the system.
(5) In the research of heat flow regulation, in order to realize the macro control of the District Heating Network, Genetic Algorithm is used, which has the function of optimization in the overall solution area. On the basis of Daqing Heating Network, which is an indirect connection network, the control strategy based on Genetic Algorithm is presented and discussed thoroughly in the second part of this paper. Using this method, the flowrate in the primary heating network is distributed evenly according to the heating load of the secondary heating network, which is the so called even distribution method. According to the simulation result, this control strategy is effective. It can make the average temperature of the supplying water and return water in every substation tends to be equal, which guarantees well-proportioned flow distribution in the primary heating network. Meanwhile, a comfortable living environment can be created in people's daily life.
(6)Heat supply engineering should serve the soeial construction in an effective way and for this purpose, aproper evaluation, analysis and comparison must be carried out upon the various technical plans, measures and the economic benefit of the designed engineering, that is to say, it must stress the economic benefit and calculate the account of economy. The technical economy an alysis is an indispensable and important work part in the large-scale heat supply engineering projects and for any one large and huge engineering project, it should be fully and scientifically based upon either the technology or the economy. It also makes use of the energy-saving theory to go into the four links of the energy-saving technologies in aspects of heat resources, heat network, heat supply station and the heat-supply users in the heat supply engineering project as well as the heat supply operation, management and adjustment and also put forward many kinds of energy-saving measures and the corresponding economic analyses thereof.
(7) Finally, with the needs of future development, Daqing central heating system was optimized planning. In the optimize design of heat source, introduced FAHP, and achieved good results. The result proves that the model which has been put forward can reach the demand for using and the result is satisfactory; From the point of view energy-efficient management, heat user management, household metering management and employee training management, the paper puts forward operating management strategies of Daqing central hearing system, which can give a guide for improving efficiency and effectiveness of Daqing oilfield.
引文
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