湖北省阳新县鸡笼山金铜矿床成因与找矿方向研究
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摘要
湖北省阳新县鸡笼山金铜矿床是长江中下游铁铜金多金属成矿带九瑞矿集区典型的矽卡岩型矿床，研究程度较低。本文尝试从成因矿物学、矿床地球化学的角度，运用微量元素地球化学、同位素地球化学、流体包裹体地球化学、同位素年代学等手段，对鸡笼山金铜矿床成因进行了系统的研究。
鸡笼山岩体以花岗闪长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩为主，具高钾钙碱性、过铝质特征，属I型花岗岩系列，是成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源。它与三叠统大冶组4～6段（T1dy4-6）的灰岩、白云质灰岩，近东西向褶皱带中的竹林塘倒转复式向斜、北西向压扭性断裂、北北西向张性或张扭性断裂构造以及它们之间的复合带构造是鸡笼山金铜矿床的三大控矿要素。
鸡笼山矿床的成矿作用可划分为矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期，又可细分为7个成矿阶段，分别为矽卡岩期的干矽卡岩阶段和湿矽卡岩阶段，主要形成于高中温条件；石英-硫化物期的石英-辉钼矿阶段、金-铜硫化物阶段、金-铅锌硫化物阶段、金-砷硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段，主要形成于中低温条件。
微量元素、稀土元素以及硫、铅同位素研究认为矿床的成矿物质主要来自成矿岩体，少量来自地层。氢、氧、碳、氦、氩同位素研究认为成矿流体主要来自岩浆，成矿作用晚期明显受到地壳流体以及大气降水影响。流体包裹体研究显示主成矿流体具弱还原性，且随着流体的演化，还原性逐渐增强。
矿床围岩蚀变强烈，以矽卡岩化与矿化最为密切。接触带的金属矿化表现出从高温向低温演化的趋势，具体为Cu、Mo—Cu、Au—Au、Cu—Au、Pb、Zn。工业矿体表现出浅部到深部（Au、Cu—Au—Cu、Mo）→（Cu、Au—Cu）→（Cu—Cu、Au）→（Au、Cu—Cu、Mo）的循环变化规律，预示着深部继续出现Au、Cu矿体的可能。
锆石U-Pb测年获得鸡笼山岩体的成岩年龄为151.75±0.70Ma，辉钼矿Re-Os测年获得成矿年龄为150.79±0.82 Ma，成岩、成矿具有同步性特征。
综合以上研究成果，本文完善了鸡笼山金铜床的成矿模式，归纳了找矿标志，并对找矿方向给出建议。
Jilongshan Au-Cu deposit is a typical skarn deposit in Hubei province, which islocated in the Jiurui ore-clustered district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze RiverFe-Cu-Au metallogenic belt. But little study has been made in this deposit before.We have tried to make systematic research on this deposit from aspects of geneticmineralogy and geochemistry using the theories and techniques of trace elementgeochemistry, isotope geochemistry, fluid inclusions geochemistry, isotopechronology, etc.
Granodiorite porphyry and quartz diorite porphyrite are the main rock ofJilongshan rock mass, which belongs to I-type granite series with characteristics ofhigh-K calc-alkalic and peraluminous. Jilongshan rock mass are the main source ofore-forming materials and fluid. Jilongshan rock mass, carbonate strata andstructures together form three major ore-controlling factors of Jilongshan Au-Cudeposit. Carbonate wall rocks are mainly composed by limestone or dolomiticlimestone of Daye Formation from Group 4 to 6 of Lower Triassic. Structuresare mainly composed by Zhulintang reverse duplex syncline belonging to nearlyEW-trending fold belt, the NW-trending pressure-shear fracture, the NWW-trendingtensional or tensional shear faults, and their composite structure parts.
The metallogenesis of Jilongshan deposit can be divided into two majormetallogenic epochs of Skarn and Quartz-sulfide. Skarn epoch is made up of dryskarn stage and wet skarn stage formed in high–temperature conditions.Quartz-sulfide epoch is made up of quartz-molybdenite stage, gold-copper sulfidestage, gold-lead and zinc sulfide stage, gold-arsenic sulfide stage and carbonate stage,which are formed in middle - low temperature conditions.
The study of trace elements, rare earth elements as well as sulfur andlead isotope shows that the ore-forming materials derive mainly fromthe ore-forming rock and little from the strata. The study of hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, helium, argon isotopes shows that the ore-forming fluids mainly derivefrom the magma, but which were significantly affected by crustal fluids and meteoric water in the late mineralization. The study of fluid inclusions shows that theore-forming fluids had the characteristics of weak reducing and the reducinggradually increased with the evolution of fluids.
The wall rock alteration is extensive, and of which skarn alteration has theclosest relationship with mineralization. The metal mineralization in the contactzone shows an evolutionary trend from high temperature to low temperature, whichform a mineralization zoning of Cu-Mo~Cu-Au~Au-Cu~Au-Pb-Zn.Jilongshan orebodies show a cyclic variation from upper to deep level, which is (Au-Cu~Au~Cu-Mo)→(Cu-Au~Cu)→(Cu~Cu-Au)→(Au-Cu~Cu-Mo). The Zonation indicatesthat the Au-Cu ore body may continue to appear in deep level of Jilongshan Au-Cudeposit.
Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the diagenetic age of Jilongshan rock mass is151.75±0.70 Ma, and molybdenite Re-Os dating shows that the metallogenic age is150.79±0.82 Ma. The diagenesis and mineralization of the deposit are almostsynchronous.
Based on above research results, we improved the metallogenic model,summarize the prospecting criteria and give advice on prospecting direction in thispaper.
鸡笼山岩体以花岗闪长斑岩和石英闪长玢岩为主，具高钾钙碱性、过铝质特征，属I型花岗岩系列，是成矿物质和成矿流体的主要来源。它与三叠统大冶组4～6段（T1dy4-6）的灰岩、白云质灰岩，近东西向褶皱带中的竹林塘倒转复式向斜、北西向压扭性断裂、北北西向张性或张扭性断裂构造以及它们之间的复合带构造是鸡笼山金铜矿床的三大控矿要素。
鸡笼山矿床的成矿作用可划分为矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期，又可细分为7个成矿阶段，分别为矽卡岩期的干矽卡岩阶段和湿矽卡岩阶段，主要形成于高中温条件；石英-硫化物期的石英-辉钼矿阶段、金-铜硫化物阶段、金-铅锌硫化物阶段、金-砷硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段，主要形成于中低温条件。
微量元素、稀土元素以及硫、铅同位素研究认为矿床的成矿物质主要来自成矿岩体，少量来自地层。氢、氧、碳、氦、氩同位素研究认为成矿流体主要来自岩浆，成矿作用晚期明显受到地壳流体以及大气降水影响。流体包裹体研究显示主成矿流体具弱还原性，且随着流体的演化，还原性逐渐增强。
矿床围岩蚀变强烈，以矽卡岩化与矿化最为密切。接触带的金属矿化表现出从高温向低温演化的趋势，具体为Cu、Mo—Cu、Au—Au、Cu—Au、Pb、Zn。工业矿体表现出浅部到深部（Au、Cu—Au—Cu、Mo）→（Cu、Au—Cu）→（Cu—Cu、Au）→（Au、Cu—Cu、Mo）的循环变化规律，预示着深部继续出现Au、Cu矿体的可能。
锆石U-Pb测年获得鸡笼山岩体的成岩年龄为151.75±0.70Ma，辉钼矿Re-Os测年获得成矿年龄为150.79±0.82 Ma，成岩、成矿具有同步性特征。
综合以上研究成果，本文完善了鸡笼山金铜床的成矿模式，归纳了找矿标志，并对找矿方向给出建议。
Jilongshan Au-Cu deposit is a typical skarn deposit in Hubei province, which islocated in the Jiurui ore-clustered district of the Middle-Lower Yangtze RiverFe-Cu-Au metallogenic belt. But little study has been made in this deposit before.We have tried to make systematic research on this deposit from aspects of geneticmineralogy and geochemistry using the theories and techniques of trace elementgeochemistry, isotope geochemistry, fluid inclusions geochemistry, isotopechronology, etc.
Granodiorite porphyry and quartz diorite porphyrite are the main rock ofJilongshan rock mass, which belongs to I-type granite series with characteristics ofhigh-K calc-alkalic and peraluminous. Jilongshan rock mass are the main source ofore-forming materials and fluid. Jilongshan rock mass, carbonate strata andstructures together form three major ore-controlling factors of Jilongshan Au-Cudeposit. Carbonate wall rocks are mainly composed by limestone or dolomiticlimestone of Daye Formation from Group 4 to 6 of Lower Triassic. Structuresare mainly composed by Zhulintang reverse duplex syncline belonging to nearlyEW-trending fold belt, the NW-trending pressure-shear fracture, the NWW-trendingtensional or tensional shear faults, and their composite structure parts.
The metallogenesis of Jilongshan deposit can be divided into two majormetallogenic epochs of Skarn and Quartz-sulfide. Skarn epoch is made up of dryskarn stage and wet skarn stage formed in high–temperature conditions.Quartz-sulfide epoch is made up of quartz-molybdenite stage, gold-copper sulfidestage, gold-lead and zinc sulfide stage, gold-arsenic sulfide stage and carbonate stage,which are formed in middle - low temperature conditions.
The study of trace elements, rare earth elements as well as sulfur andlead isotope shows that the ore-forming materials derive mainly fromthe ore-forming rock and little from the strata. The study of hydrogen, oxygen,nitrogen, helium, argon isotopes shows that the ore-forming fluids mainly derivefrom the magma, but which were significantly affected by crustal fluids and meteoric water in the late mineralization. The study of fluid inclusions shows that theore-forming fluids had the characteristics of weak reducing and the reducinggradually increased with the evolution of fluids.
The wall rock alteration is extensive, and of which skarn alteration has theclosest relationship with mineralization. The metal mineralization in the contactzone shows an evolutionary trend from high temperature to low temperature, whichform a mineralization zoning of Cu-Mo~Cu-Au~Au-Cu~Au-Pb-Zn.Jilongshan orebodies show a cyclic variation from upper to deep level, which is (Au-Cu~Au~Cu-Mo)→(Cu-Au~Cu)→(Cu~Cu-Au)→(Au-Cu~Cu-Mo). The Zonation indicatesthat the Au-Cu ore body may continue to appear in deep level of Jilongshan Au-Cudeposit.
Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the diagenetic age of Jilongshan rock mass is151.75±0.70 Ma, and molybdenite Re-Os dating shows that the metallogenic age is150.79±0.82 Ma. The diagenesis and mineralization of the deposit are almostsynchronous.
Based on above research results, we improved the metallogenic model,summarize the prospecting criteria and give advice on prospecting direction in thispaper.
引文
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