西藏罗布莎铬铁矿床地质特征及三维模型的建立和应用
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摘要
西藏自治区曲松县罗布莎铬铁矿床是我国最大的工业铬铁矿床,也是世界上成矿条件最典型的地区之一。其年产量约占全国铬铁矿石年产量的80%。经过20多年的开采,其探明储量已消耗过半,保有储量不足200万吨,矿山服务年限不足10年,属于资源中度危机矿山。寻找接替资源已成为亟待解决的主要问题之一。罗布莎铬铁矿床的成因目前还存在较大的分歧,铬铁矿体在三维空间如何分布,其产状和相互关系如何,目前还不知晓。由于矿区位于高原,地质情况极其复杂,对铬铁矿的成矿规律认识还不充分,矿山开采和深、边部的找矿工作存在较大的困难。为此,本文对罗布莎铬铁矿床之矿体进行了三维可视化建模研究,希望能探索总结出整个矿区内矿体的分布规律,并进一步探索成矿、控矿特征等。
三维建模技术是目前一种新兴的矿床地质学研究方法。本文通过对不同类型的矿体三维建模软件的对比,最终选择了中国地质调查局发展研究中心开发的MEMAPGIS软件作为罗布莎铬铁矿床矿体的三维建模平台。在充分收集矿山地质资料的基础上,利用上述软件,建立了包括钻孔定位、钻孔测量和样品分析数据等信息的钻孔数据库。通过钻孔数据库实现了钻孔在三维空间的可视化,显示了钻孔的孔口三维坐标、钻孔的三维空间变化信息、空间延伸方向、倾角等,同时还显示了钻孔不同深度样品的各种数据信息。利用MEMAPGIS软件的交互式3D模型创建工具,基于铬铁矿体在勘探线剖面上的投影形态,构建矿铬铁矿体在三维空间的大致赋存形态,根据拓扑关系原理,建立了能从任意角度观察的罗布莎铬铁矿床矿体三维空间实体模型。
根据三维空间实体模型的显示,铬铁矿体在剖面上呈叠瓦状分布、向一侧尖灭再现。矿体总体上向南倾斜,成带分布、成群出现、分段集中。在此三维模型基础上,初步讨论了罗布莎超基性岩体的就位机制和铬铁矿体的形成模式,对矿区深部、边部找矿前景进行了初步预测。本次建模是现代信息技术手段运用于矿山地质工作的一次成功尝试。
The chromite deposit of Luobusa in Qusum County,Tibet, is the largest industrial chromite deposits in China, it is also one of the most typical mineralization conditions in the world. Chromite stone of its annual output accounting for about 80% of nation annual output. After 20 years of mining, the chromite deposit of Luobusa has consumed more than half of its proven reserves, its maintain reserves is less than 2 million tons, it will be mining out in next 10 years. So, searching for substitute resources has become one of the major problems that should be solved. we are still not clear about how the chromite body distribute in three dimensions, and what is the attitude of the chromite bodys, also the relationships between the chromite bodys up to now. The geological conditions is so complicated, the laws of the mineralization of deposit has not been understood fully, brings the mining and the prospecting to deep or surround much difficulty. Therefore,this article works on the 3-dimensional visual modeling for the deposit, hopefully we can explore and sum up the low of the distribution of the entire deposit, furthermore we can research on the metallogenic regularity and the features that controlled the chromite body.
3-Dimensional modeling is a new method for researching on economic geology. After comparing the 3-Dimensional modeling softwares with each other,we finally chose MEMAPGIS, which has been developed by the Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, as the 3-Dimensional modeling platform for chromite deposit of Luobusa. After fullly collecting the basic geological data of the deposit,we use the software to build a drilling database,which include the information about the drilling location, the drilling suvey and the analysis of drilling samples.Based on the drilling database,we have made the drillings visualized in the 3-Dimensional space, and display the coordinates of the drill holes in three-dimensional space, and the information about how the drillings change in three-dimensional, also the spatial extension of the direction and the angle of the drillings,and also display the data of all kinds of the samples of drillings at different depth. We use the creating tools of the interactive 3D modeling software MEMAPGIS, base on the shape of the chromite body that projected on the sectiong plane,to construct the general occurrence of the chromite body in 3-Dimensional space. According to the topology theory, we built the solid model of the chromite deposit of Luobusa that can be saw from any angle in three-dimensional space.
According to the display of the 3-Dimensional solid model, we conclude a feature that the distribution of the chromite body on the section plane occur like the imbrication,and pinch out to the side of reproduction. The chromite body generally south slope, Distributed along zones,appeared in groups, and concentrated on section. Based on this 3-Dimensional model, we preliminarily discuss the emplacement mechanisms of the Luobusha ultrabasic rocks and the formation model of the chromite body, and preliminarily predict the prospecting area that may have chromite bodys. This modeling is a successful attempt that using the modern information technology in mining geological work.
三维建模技术是目前一种新兴的矿床地质学研究方法。本文通过对不同类型的矿体三维建模软件的对比,最终选择了中国地质调查局发展研究中心开发的MEMAPGIS软件作为罗布莎铬铁矿床矿体的三维建模平台。在充分收集矿山地质资料的基础上,利用上述软件,建立了包括钻孔定位、钻孔测量和样品分析数据等信息的钻孔数据库。通过钻孔数据库实现了钻孔在三维空间的可视化,显示了钻孔的孔口三维坐标、钻孔的三维空间变化信息、空间延伸方向、倾角等,同时还显示了钻孔不同深度样品的各种数据信息。利用MEMAPGIS软件的交互式3D模型创建工具,基于铬铁矿体在勘探线剖面上的投影形态,构建矿铬铁矿体在三维空间的大致赋存形态,根据拓扑关系原理,建立了能从任意角度观察的罗布莎铬铁矿床矿体三维空间实体模型。
根据三维空间实体模型的显示,铬铁矿体在剖面上呈叠瓦状分布、向一侧尖灭再现。矿体总体上向南倾斜,成带分布、成群出现、分段集中。在此三维模型基础上,初步讨论了罗布莎超基性岩体的就位机制和铬铁矿体的形成模式,对矿区深部、边部找矿前景进行了初步预测。本次建模是现代信息技术手段运用于矿山地质工作的一次成功尝试。
The chromite deposit of Luobusa in Qusum County,Tibet, is the largest industrial chromite deposits in China, it is also one of the most typical mineralization conditions in the world. Chromite stone of its annual output accounting for about 80% of nation annual output. After 20 years of mining, the chromite deposit of Luobusa has consumed more than half of its proven reserves, its maintain reserves is less than 2 million tons, it will be mining out in next 10 years. So, searching for substitute resources has become one of the major problems that should be solved. we are still not clear about how the chromite body distribute in three dimensions, and what is the attitude of the chromite bodys, also the relationships between the chromite bodys up to now. The geological conditions is so complicated, the laws of the mineralization of deposit has not been understood fully, brings the mining and the prospecting to deep or surround much difficulty. Therefore,this article works on the 3-dimensional visual modeling for the deposit, hopefully we can explore and sum up the low of the distribution of the entire deposit, furthermore we can research on the metallogenic regularity and the features that controlled the chromite body.
3-Dimensional modeling is a new method for researching on economic geology. After comparing the 3-Dimensional modeling softwares with each other,we finally chose MEMAPGIS, which has been developed by the Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, as the 3-Dimensional modeling platform for chromite deposit of Luobusa. After fullly collecting the basic geological data of the deposit,we use the software to build a drilling database,which include the information about the drilling location, the drilling suvey and the analysis of drilling samples.Based on the drilling database,we have made the drillings visualized in the 3-Dimensional space, and display the coordinates of the drill holes in three-dimensional space, and the information about how the drillings change in three-dimensional, also the spatial extension of the direction and the angle of the drillings,and also display the data of all kinds of the samples of drillings at different depth. We use the creating tools of the interactive 3D modeling software MEMAPGIS, base on the shape of the chromite body that projected on the sectiong plane,to construct the general occurrence of the chromite body in 3-Dimensional space. According to the topology theory, we built the solid model of the chromite deposit of Luobusa that can be saw from any angle in three-dimensional space.
According to the display of the 3-Dimensional solid model, we conclude a feature that the distribution of the chromite body on the section plane occur like the imbrication,and pinch out to the side of reproduction. The chromite body generally south slope, Distributed along zones,appeared in groups, and concentrated on section. Based on this 3-Dimensional model, we preliminarily discuss the emplacement mechanisms of the Luobusha ultrabasic rocks and the formation model of the chromite body, and preliminarily predict the prospecting area that may have chromite bodys. This modeling is a successful attempt that using the modern information technology in mining geological work.
引文
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