用户名: 密码: 验证码:
老挝波罗芬高原遥感找矿信息提取及红土型铝土矿资源评价
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
铝工业是国民经济发展的重要基础产业,铝工业的持续稳定发展,必须具备充足的铝土矿后备资源,因此,对铝土矿的勘查显得尤为重要。目前,国内外勘查铝土矿资源的方法很多,针对不同成因类型的铝土矿,其勘探方法包括地质填图法、地貌法、遥感地质法和物探方法等。本文将以老挝波罗芬高原上的红土型铝土矿勘查为例,探讨一种适合该类型铝土矿的遥感找矿信息提取方法。
     文章以位于老挝波罗芬高原南东部的帕克松矿权登记区为实测研究对象,利用ETM+卫星遥感数据,进行与金属矿化有关的遥感找矿信息提取方法研究。研究过程中,首先对所获得的地质资料、遥感数据进行综合分析,建立其相互之间的内在联系。比如研究蚀变矿物中的离子或离子基团的光谱特征以及它们在对应ETM图像各波段(ETM1~5、7)上的光谱特征及其光谱差异性,据此建立矿化蚀变遥感信息增强提取模型;然后对图像进行大气校正、几何校正、镶嵌等的数据预处理;再根据设计的图像信息增强提取模型,经多次实验及统计分析后,选取最佳的波段组合,合成增强了的矿化蚀变信息提取图像。通过野外地质调查验证矿化异常信息后,对图像进行监督分类处理,进一步去除干扰信息,并统计出矿化异常的分布面积。该方法用具体公式表达出来,即“多元数据分析+比值+主成分分析+分类”,其中,用于增强矿化信息的“比值+主成分分析”,在研究中选用ETM5/1及PCA(1,4,5,7)。以PC1(R)+ETM5/1(G)+PC3(B)为最佳波段组合,构成假彩色矿化信息增强图像,提取了铝土矿矿化信息。
     通过野外地质调查,结合遥感图像解译与分析,基本查明了研究区的地层、构造、岩浆岩等成矿地质背景条件,构建了红土型铝土矿的找矿模型。在对帕克松测区成功提取矿化信息的基础上,用该方法对波罗芬高原进行了遥感找矿预测,求得红土型铝土矿预测区8个,参考帕克松测区实测而得的各储量计算参数,获得铝土矿预测资源量18.77亿吨。
Aluminium industry is a very important fundamental industry forthe development of national economy. It is necessary that enoughavailable bauxite resources is needed to support the persistent and stabledevelopment of the aluminium industry. Therefor, it is essential toprospect for bauxite. At present, there are lots of methods being used toexplore the bauxite resources at home and abroad. According to differentgenetic types of bauxite, the prospecting methods are varies, includinggeological mapping, geomorphology, remote sensing geology,geophysics and so on. In this paper, it is mainly discussed a remotesensing(RS) mineralized information extraction method, which is usedin the study and explore the lateritic bauxite on Bolaven Plateau of Laos.
     Pakxong tenement in the southeastern Bolaven Plateau of Laos isour experimental area. The landsat ETM+ data is full used to study amineralized information extraction method in the research. Firstly, thegeological and remote sensing data are synthetically analyzed to makeclear the internal relationship between them. For example, we study thespectral characteristics of ion or ion group of the altered mineral, and thespectral characteristics and differences in the corresponding wave bands(ETM1~5、7) of the ETM+ RS image. On basis of these researches, aninformation extraction model of the enhanced mineralized and alteredinformation is formed. Secondly, the ETM+ data is pretreated, includingatmosphere correction, geometry correction, mosaic and so on. Thirdly,based on the enhanced mineralized information extraction model, afterseveral times of experimenting and analyzing, the best assembled wavebands are chosen and then a RS image is drawn out. In the RS image, themineralized information is enhanced greatly. The mineralizedinformation extracted from the RS image is checked by field geologicalsurvey and be proved that the extracted information is quite correspondto the condition of our tenement. After these, the RS image isprogressively processed with technique of supervise classification inorder to wipe off or decrease the interfered information of the extractedmineralized information. Meanwhile, the acreage of the mineralized areacan be calculated too. Here, a formula can be used to express this method, that is "Multi-data Analysis+Ratio+Principal ComponentAnalysis (PCA)+Classification", where, "Ratio+PCA", which is usedfor enhancing the mineralized information. In the study, "ETM5/1"and "PCA(1,4,5,7)" were selected, and "PC1(R)+ETM5/1(G)+PC3(B)"were chosen as the best assembled wave bands. Thus, an enhancedmineralized information pseudo-colour RS image is formed, and theinformation of bauxitization have been extracted too.
     The general conditions of stratum, structure, magmatic rocks areunderstood by field geological survey and by interpreting and analyzingof the RS image. Combining with the metallogenetic geological setting,a prospecting model for lateritic bauxite is formed. Based on thesuccessful extraction of the mineralized information in Pakxong workarea, this RS method is used to predict the probable bauxitization areason Bolaven Plateau, and 8 probable lateritic bauxite areas are predicted.Lastly, some measured resource calculation parameters of Pakxong wereused to infer the bauxite resources on Bolaven Plateau, and a total of1.877 billion tons of bauxite resources is gained.
引文
[1] 国土资源部矿产开发管理司.中国矿产资源主要矿种开发利用水平与政策建议.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002
    [2] 国土资源部信息中心.世界矿产资源年评(2000~2001).北京:地质出版社,2002
    [3] 地质矿产部情报研究所.国外矿产资源.北京:地质矿产部情报研究所出版社,1988
    [4] 中国地质矿产信息研究院.国外矿产资源.北京:地震出版社,1996
    [5] 张玉君,杨建民.基岩裸露区蚀变岩遥感信息的提取方法.国土资源遥感,1998,(2):46~53
    [6] CrostaAP, McMMooreJ. Enhancement of landsat thematic mapper imagery for residual soil mapping in SW Minais Gerrain. Proceedings of the 7th (ERIM) Thematic Conference:Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology, Calgary. 1989,117~118
    [7] D. Rokos etc. Structural Analysis for Gold mineralization Using Remote Sensing and Geochemical Techniques in a GIS Environment: Island of Lesvos, Hellas . Natural Resources Research, 2000. 9(4): 149~163
    [8] Timothy M. Kusky, Talaat M. Ramdadan. Structural controls on Neoprotero zoic mineralization in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt: an integrated field, Landsat TM, and SIR-C/X SiR approach. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2002. (35):107~121
    [9] 周汝国.世界铝土矿资源.中国金属通报.2005,(25):29~30
    [10] Mining Journal Ltd. ,Mining Annual Review. 2000-2001
    [11] Mining Journal Ltd., Metals and Minerals Annual Review, 2000-2001
    [12] U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, 1999-2002
    [13] U.S. Geological Survey. Minerals Yearbook, 1999-2001
    [14] World Metal Statistics, 1999-2001
    [15] 戴耕编译.世界铝市场回顾与展望.世界有色金属.2003,(12):47~48
    [16] 申慧.世界铝土矿及氧化铝的发展趋势.有色金属工业.2003,(8):24~28
    [17] 殷俐娟.我国铝土矿资源利用现状及未来管理政策.世界有色金属.2003,(11):11~15
    [18] 刘燕君等.矿产信息的遥感地面模式.北京:地质出版社,1993
    [19] 赵元洪等.遥感图像专题信息提取新方法—定向变换和逻辑取与方法研究.环境遥感,1994,(4):22~26
    [20] 马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究.遥感学报,1997,1(3):18~23
    [21] 马建文等.利用TM数据提取含金蚀变带的方法研究—以冀北东卯地区为例.国土资源遥感,1994,(2):14~19
    [22] 马建文等.秦岭金矿遥感地质.北京:地质出版社,1997
    [23] 张满郎.金矿蚀变信息提取中的遥感分析.遥感技术与应用,1996,11(3):24~29
    [24] 张满郎.中等植被覆盖区金矿蚀变TM及JERS—1遥感信息增强技术.国土资源遥感,1996,(4):16~20
    [25] 朱嘉伟等.金矿遥感异常信息自动提取方法研究及其应用.国土资源遥感,1998,(2):31~35
    [26] 刘庆生等.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取.遥感技术与应用,1999,(3):29~34
    [27] 平仲良.从陆地卫星TM数据提取胶东某地区某类型金矿的围岩蚀变信息.国土资源遥感,1993,(4):9~14
    [28] 甘甫平.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2001
    [29] 王永江.西天山吐拉苏盆地与火山岩有关的Au矿床遥感找矿研究:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学,2001
    [30] 车自成,刘良,罗金海编著.中国及其邻区区域大地构造学.北京:科学出版社,2002
    [31] NGUYEN HOANG*,MARTIN FLOWER. Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Basalts from Vietnam: Implication for Origins of a 'Diffuse Igneous Province' Journal of Petrology. 1998,39 (3): 369~395
    [32] Mineral resources of Vietnam Imrich Kusnir Acta Montanistica Slovaca Rocnik. 2000,5 (2): 165~172
    [33] 陈世益,周芳.论东南省区晚新生代玄武岩的铝土矿化.轻金属,1994,(8):1~6
    [34] 邱家骧主编.岩浆岩岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1985.5
    [35] 宋国明主编.我国与周边国家进行矿业投资合作的前景分析.北京:地质出版社,2004.11
    [36] Gyorgy Bardossy, Laszlo Bottyan, Pal Gado etc. Automated quantitative phase analysis of bauxites. American Mineralogist. 1980,65:135~141
    [37] Maneesh Singh, S. N. Upadhayay, P. M. Prasad. ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION PREPARATION OF SPECIAL CEMENTS FROM RED MUD. Waste Management. 1996,16(8):665~670
    [38] Y. Idris, I.I. Funtua, I.M. Umar. Rapid analysis with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for bauxite investigation on the Mambilla Plateau, North Eastern Nigeria. Chemie der Erde Geochemistry. 2004,64:385~398
    [39] rorsten Schwarz, Berlin, Germany. Distribution and genesis of bauxite on the Mambilla Plateau. SE Nigeria. Applied Geochemistry. 1997, 12:119~131
    [40] 梅安新,彭望琭,秦其明等编著.遥感导论.北京:高等教育出版社,2001
    [41] 邓良基主编.遥感基础与应用.北京:中国农业出版社,2002.8
    [42] 汤国安,张友顺等编著.遥感数字图像处理.北京:科学出版社,2004
    [43] 戴昌达,姜小光等编著.遥感图像应用处理与分析.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.3
    [44] 周成虎,骆剑承等编著.遥感影像地学理解与分析.北京:科学出版社,1999.12
    [45] 赵英时等编著.遥感应用分析原理与方法.北京:科学出版社,2003
    [46] 薛重生,黄晓霞,苏德荣.成矿远景区带蚀变岩的图像识别与制图.地质科技情报,1997,16:81~88
    [47] 厉银喜,冯哓光,林友明.美国陆地卫星7号的数据产品分类和格式.应用技术,2003,3:37~40
    [48] 胡文英,角媛梅.基于ETM+土地利用与土地覆盖遥感信息提取研究.云南地理环境研究,2005,17(6):34~37
    [49] 加拿大阿波罗科技集团北京办事处.PCI遥感图像处理软件使用手册.北京:内部资料,2002.3
    [50] 甘甫平,王润生等编著.遥感岩矿信息提取基础与技术方法研究.北京:地质出版社,2004.11
    [51] 谭绿贵.国内外三水型铝土矿床的形成和分布规律综述.六安师专学报,1999,15(2):43~46
    [52] 谭绿贵.我国三水型铝土矿成矿规律及找矿预测探讨.轻金属,2000,(5):6~8
    [53] 地质部书刊编辑室编著.区域地质调查野外工作方法(第三分册).北京:地质出版社,1980
    [54] 廖士范.铝土矿矿床成因与类型(及亚型)划分的新意见.贵州地质,1998,15(2):137~144
    [55] 廖士范.论铝土矿床成因与及矿床类型.华北地质矿产杂志,1994,9(2):153~160
    [56] 廖士范等.中国铝土矿地质学.贵州:贵州科技出版社,1991b
    [57] 洪金益.红土型铝土矿的矿化时间研究.有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,3(3):141~145
    [58] Stepphen A. Norton. Laterite and Bauxite Formation:Economic Geology. 1973,353~361
    [59] Huseyin Ozturk, James R. Hein, Nurullah Hanilci. Genesis of the Dogankuzu and Mortas Bauxite Deposites, Taurides, Turkey:Separation of Al, Fe, and Mn and Implication for Passive Margin Metalogeny:Economic Geology. 2002,1~15
    [60] 戚立宽.越南红土型铝土矿的研究.轻金属,1994,(2):6~8.
    [61] 陈世益,罗德宣,周芳等.广西贵港三水型铝土矿矿石特征及应用研究[J].广西地质,1992,5(3):9~16
    [62] 陈世益等.广西贵县三水型铝土矿的发现及其意义.大地构造与成矿学[J],1988,5(3):15~20
    [63] 番其云.广西平果铝土矿田发现史.广西地质,1994,7(2):89~92
    [64] 戡建国,刘云华,许俊文.广西两种三水铝石铝土矿成矿的差异性.地学前缘,1999,(6):251~256
    [65] 李启津,杨国高,侯正洪.中国三水型铝土矿成矿成矿地质条件探讨.矿产与地质,1994,8(39):19~24
    [66] 李启津,杨国高,侯正洪.铝土矿床成矿理论研究中的几个问题.矿产与地质,1996,10(51):22~24
    [67] 陈世益,周芳,何学锋.中国南方新生代主要岩类的红土化进程.中国有色金属学报,1994,4(3):1~5
    [68] [美]F.B.Henderson等著,范法明译,顾皓民校.卫星勘查铝土矿.轻金属,1995,(1):1~13
    [69] 陈世益.地洼构造对红土型铝土矿成矿地控制.第一届国际地洼构造与成矿学术讨论会论文集.1988.11
    [70] 杨社锋,方维萱等.老挝南部波罗芬高原玄武岩砖红壤风化壳微量元 素地球化学特征.矿产与地质,2005,19(112):723~727
    [71] 罗允义.广西铝土矿遥感综合成矿预测及资源总量估算.地质与勘探,2003,39(3):58~62
    [72] 侯德义主编.找矿勘探地质学.北京:地质出版社,1984.11
    [73] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.中华人民共和国地质矿产行业标准DZ/T0202—2002铝土矿、冶镁菱镁矿地质勘查规范.2002.12
    [74] 中国冶金矿山企业协会编.冶金矿山地质技术管理手册.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.1
    [75] 国土资源部矿产资源储量评审中心.固体矿产资源/储量分类资料汇编.1999.11
    [76] 中国地质调查局.中国地质调查局地质调查项目管理制度汇编.2000.4
    [77] 国家质量技术监督局.中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T17766-1999固体矿产资源/储量分类.1999.6

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700