微纳米蛇纹石粉体的摩擦行为及其成膜机理研究
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摘要
蛇纹石作为减摩抗磨材料是当前的研究热点，有关它在不同润滑介质中减摩抗磨性能的评价取得了不少实验数据，对其用作减摩抗磨添加剂的作用机理也提出了不同的见解，但目前的研究还很不深入，提出的见解与认识也缺乏足够的实验依据和证据。基于此，该论文系统开展了蛇纹石在不同润滑介质中的摩擦实验，并采用多种先进表征手段研究了摩擦副的表面成分、结构，进而分析了蛇纹石与摩擦副的作用过程及其成膜机理，试图为这类硅酸盐矿物作为减摩抗磨材料的工业应用提供实验依据与理论基础。
本文结合前人的研究成果，针对其中存在的部分问题，展开一系列更深入的实验研究。首先，通过高频率销-盘摩擦试验机考察了微纳米蛇纹石粉体、表面改性蛇纹石粉体以及蛇纹石与稀土镧化合物的复合粉体在不同润滑介质和不同实验条件下的减摩抗磨性能，验证了其优良的摩擦学性能。在此基础上，本文通过不同的表面分析方法，着重研究和分析了摩擦副表面摩擦膜的形成过程及物理化学性质。
通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了摩擦表面膜的微观形貌：蛇纹石的加入在摩擦副表面形成了一层非均匀覆盖的非晶态的摩擦表面膜，表面膜本身以及表面膜与表面膜之间的空隙填充着残留的颗粒状蛇纹石粉体。
通过X射线能谱分析（EDX）呈现了摩擦表面膜中不同元素的存在及分布情况：在蛇纹石/ZDDP/基础油体系中，摩擦表面膜中主要元素为P、S、O、Zn、Mg和Si；在蛇纹石/合成润滑油体系中，摩擦表面膜的主要组成元素为P、S、O、Zn、Ca、Mg和Si。不同体系中不同的元素具有不同的分布区域，形成了不同成分的摩擦表面膜。
利用原子力显微镜（AFM）测量了摩擦表面膜的粗糙度以及二维和三维的表面膜微观结构：总体来说蛇纹石的加入，填补了摩擦表面的凹坑，在摩擦副表面形成的摩擦表面膜降低了摩擦表面的粗糙度。使用聚焦离子束（FIB）获得了摩擦表面的横截面，测量和表征了摩擦膜的厚度：在不同摩擦体系中摩擦膜的厚度不同，但是通过整体对比发现，加入蛇纹石的摩擦副表面膜的厚度可以从几十纳米到400纳米左右。
通过测试摩擦表面膜中各元素的X射线吸收近边结构谱（XANES），比较并分析了摩擦膜中化合物的可能存在形式。结果表明，在摩擦过程中，蛇纹石粉体作为润滑油添加剂，在摩擦副之间的相互作用以及摩擦副表面部分接触点的瞬间高温作用下发生了相变，在摩擦副表面经过沉积和烧结作用形成了由蛇纹石、镁橄榄石、顽辉石以及SiO2组成的多成分摩擦表面膜。
Serpentine itself used as anti-friction and anti-wear materials is a hot topic in current research.A number of experimental data about its tribological properties from different lubricatingmedium has been obtained. There are some hypotheses about the mechanism of serpentineused as anti-friction and anti-wear additive, but the current studies are still lack of adequateexperimental basis and evidence. So, in order to provide the experimental and theoreticalbasis for the industrial application of serpentine as anti-friction and anti-wear materials, thispaper systematically carried out the friction experiments of serpentine in different lubricatingmedium, studied the composition, structure of the friction pair surface by a variety ofadvanced characterization methods, analyzed the interaction process of serpentine withfriction pair and the mechanism of film formation.
In this paper, based on the previous research results, we did more study. Firstly, thetribological performance of micro-nano serpentine, surface modified serpentine, serpentine/Lacompounds as additive for base oil was investigated by a Plint high frequency friction tester atdifferent conditions. It is proved that serpentine has good tribological properties. Secondly,through different surface analysis method, we study and analyze the film formation processand the chemical and physical properties of the friction pair surface.
The micro-structure of tribofilm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, andthe results showed that, the addition of serpentine results in the formation of a non-uniformtribofilms on the friction pair surface. The serpentine particles exist in and between thetribofilms.
The element distribution of the tribofilms was detected by energy dispersive X-rayspectroscopy, and the results showed that, in the system of serpentine/ZDDP/base oil, theelements in the tribofilm are P, S, O, Zn, Mg and Si. In the system of serpentine/fullformulated lubricating oil, the tribofilm consists of P, S, O, Zn, Ca, Mg and Si. Differentsystems have different elements distribution in different area of the tribofilm.
The micro morphology of tribofilm was characterized by atomic force microscopy, andthe results showed that, the addition of serpentine reduced the roughness of the tribofilm. The cross section of the wear surface was got by focus ion beam, and it indicated that thethickness of the tribofilms is from about several dozen nanometers to about400nm.
The XANES results showed that, the tribofilm formed by oil containing serpentinecontains serpentine, forsterite, SiO2and enstatite.
本文结合前人的研究成果，针对其中存在的部分问题，展开一系列更深入的实验研究。首先，通过高频率销-盘摩擦试验机考察了微纳米蛇纹石粉体、表面改性蛇纹石粉体以及蛇纹石与稀土镧化合物的复合粉体在不同润滑介质和不同实验条件下的减摩抗磨性能，验证了其优良的摩擦学性能。在此基础上，本文通过不同的表面分析方法，着重研究和分析了摩擦副表面摩擦膜的形成过程及物理化学性质。
通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了摩擦表面膜的微观形貌：蛇纹石的加入在摩擦副表面形成了一层非均匀覆盖的非晶态的摩擦表面膜，表面膜本身以及表面膜与表面膜之间的空隙填充着残留的颗粒状蛇纹石粉体。
通过X射线能谱分析（EDX）呈现了摩擦表面膜中不同元素的存在及分布情况：在蛇纹石/ZDDP/基础油体系中，摩擦表面膜中主要元素为P、S、O、Zn、Mg和Si；在蛇纹石/合成润滑油体系中，摩擦表面膜的主要组成元素为P、S、O、Zn、Ca、Mg和Si。不同体系中不同的元素具有不同的分布区域，形成了不同成分的摩擦表面膜。
利用原子力显微镜（AFM）测量了摩擦表面膜的粗糙度以及二维和三维的表面膜微观结构：总体来说蛇纹石的加入，填补了摩擦表面的凹坑，在摩擦副表面形成的摩擦表面膜降低了摩擦表面的粗糙度。使用聚焦离子束（FIB）获得了摩擦表面的横截面，测量和表征了摩擦膜的厚度：在不同摩擦体系中摩擦膜的厚度不同，但是通过整体对比发现，加入蛇纹石的摩擦副表面膜的厚度可以从几十纳米到400纳米左右。
通过测试摩擦表面膜中各元素的X射线吸收近边结构谱（XANES），比较并分析了摩擦膜中化合物的可能存在形式。结果表明，在摩擦过程中，蛇纹石粉体作为润滑油添加剂，在摩擦副之间的相互作用以及摩擦副表面部分接触点的瞬间高温作用下发生了相变，在摩擦副表面经过沉积和烧结作用形成了由蛇纹石、镁橄榄石、顽辉石以及SiO2组成的多成分摩擦表面膜。
Serpentine itself used as anti-friction and anti-wear materials is a hot topic in current research.A number of experimental data about its tribological properties from different lubricatingmedium has been obtained. There are some hypotheses about the mechanism of serpentineused as anti-friction and anti-wear additive, but the current studies are still lack of adequateexperimental basis and evidence. So, in order to provide the experimental and theoreticalbasis for the industrial application of serpentine as anti-friction and anti-wear materials, thispaper systematically carried out the friction experiments of serpentine in different lubricatingmedium, studied the composition, structure of the friction pair surface by a variety ofadvanced characterization methods, analyzed the interaction process of serpentine withfriction pair and the mechanism of film formation.
In this paper, based on the previous research results, we did more study. Firstly, thetribological performance of micro-nano serpentine, surface modified serpentine, serpentine/Lacompounds as additive for base oil was investigated by a Plint high frequency friction tester atdifferent conditions. It is proved that serpentine has good tribological properties. Secondly,through different surface analysis method, we study and analyze the film formation processand the chemical and physical properties of the friction pair surface.
The micro-structure of tribofilm was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, andthe results showed that, the addition of serpentine results in the formation of a non-uniformtribofilms on the friction pair surface. The serpentine particles exist in and between thetribofilms.
The element distribution of the tribofilms was detected by energy dispersive X-rayspectroscopy, and the results showed that, in the system of serpentine/ZDDP/base oil, theelements in the tribofilm are P, S, O, Zn, Mg and Si. In the system of serpentine/fullformulated lubricating oil, the tribofilm consists of P, S, O, Zn, Ca, Mg and Si. Differentsystems have different elements distribution in different area of the tribofilm.
The micro morphology of tribofilm was characterized by atomic force microscopy, andthe results showed that, the addition of serpentine reduced the roughness of the tribofilm. The cross section of the wear surface was got by focus ion beam, and it indicated that thethickness of the tribofilms is from about several dozen nanometers to about400nm.
The XANES results showed that, the tribofilm formed by oil containing serpentinecontains serpentine, forsterite, SiO2and enstatite.
引文
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