城壕地区西259井区长3段储层特征研究
|
摘要
本文以钻井、测井资料为基础,通过岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、图像粒度、常规压汞、相渗曲线等实验方法和技术,结合区域地质背景、沉积条件和成岩特征,对城壕地区西259井区长3段储层进行了系统的研究,着重分析、探讨了该区储层的沉积微相、岩石学、物性及孔隙结构特征,并从沉积作用和成岩作用上对研究区长3段的储集性能进行了探讨,主要取得了以下认识：
(1)研究区长3段沉积相主要表现出湖泊三角洲前缘亚相,在平面上基本上呈带状展布,发育有水下分流河道、河口坝和分流间湾等沉积微相。
(2)研究区长3段储层的岩性主要以岩屑质长石砂岩为主,成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等,多为次圆到次棱角状,分选中等-好。填隙物主要由自生粘土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结物组成。胶结类型主要为孔隙-薄膜式胶结,少数为薄膜-孔隙式胶结。
(3)研究区长3段储层属低孔、特低渗储集,主要储集空间为残余粒间孔为主,其次为溶蚀孔。研究区砂岩储层喉道类型以片状喉道及弯片状喉道为主,其次为缩颈型喉道和管束状喉道,孔隙之间连通性较差。孔隙结构表现出细-中孔的孔隙结构。
(4)研究区长3段的成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,其次为交代作用和破裂作用。其中压实作用和胶结作用,这是导致储层有效孔隙度和渗透率偏低的主要原因之一；溶蚀作用改善储层物性起到积极作用。
(5)研究区长3储层储集性能主要受沉积作用和成岩作用控制。沉积时水动力较弱,岩石粒度以细砂、极细砂为主,成分成熟度偏低、结构成熟度中等,这是造成储层低孔、低渗的主要原因。
In this paper, the reservoir microfacies, petrology, physical properties and pore structure characteristics of Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area of Chenghao have maken a systematic research, which based on drilling and logging datas, with the core observation and the techniques of casting section, SEM, pore image, conventional pressure mercury, and relative permeability curve experimental. At the same time, reservoir properties have been discussed from the perspective of sedimentation and diagenesis. The conclusions go as following:
(1) The Sedimentary facies of Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area of Chenghao mainly shows a shallow lacustrine delta front subfacies, which is basically the band Spread in the plane. There are three microfacies:underwater distribution channel, mouth bar, and interdistributory bay.
(2) The main lithology of Chang-3 member reservoir in this study area are mainly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstones, which has the characteristics of low composition maturity, medium textural maturity, and sub-round to sub-angular shaped. Interstitial materials are mainly authigenic clay minerals and carbonate minerals that were formed cement. The main types of pore cementation are pore-film cemented and a few of films-pore type cement.
(3) Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area is a low porosity and low permeability reservoirs, which main reservoir spaces are esidual intergranular pores, followed by dissolution holes. The main throat type is lamellar and curved lamellar, followed by necking-type throat and tube-shaped throat. The connectivity of interporosity is poor, and pore fabric shows fine-middle.
(4) The types of diagenesis of in Chang-3 member are compaction, cementation and dissolution, followed by metasomatism and rupture. The compaction and cementation is one of the main reason which make effective reservoir porosity and permeability low; but the dissolution plays an active role on reservoir properties.
(5) The ability of Chang-3 reservoir was mainly controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. Particle size of rock in weaker hydrodynamic deposition is mainly fine, very fine sand, low compositional maturity and medium texture maturity, which is the main reason for low porosity and permeability of reservoir.
(1)研究区长3段沉积相主要表现出湖泊三角洲前缘亚相,在平面上基本上呈带状展布,发育有水下分流河道、河口坝和分流间湾等沉积微相。
(2)研究区长3段储层的岩性主要以岩屑质长石砂岩为主,成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中等,多为次圆到次棱角状,分选中等-好。填隙物主要由自生粘土矿物和碳酸盐矿物胶结物组成。胶结类型主要为孔隙-薄膜式胶结,少数为薄膜-孔隙式胶结。
(3)研究区长3段储层属低孔、特低渗储集,主要储集空间为残余粒间孔为主,其次为溶蚀孔。研究区砂岩储层喉道类型以片状喉道及弯片状喉道为主,其次为缩颈型喉道和管束状喉道,孔隙之间连通性较差。孔隙结构表现出细-中孔的孔隙结构。
(4)研究区长3段的成岩作用类型主要有压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,其次为交代作用和破裂作用。其中压实作用和胶结作用,这是导致储层有效孔隙度和渗透率偏低的主要原因之一；溶蚀作用改善储层物性起到积极作用。
(5)研究区长3储层储集性能主要受沉积作用和成岩作用控制。沉积时水动力较弱,岩石粒度以细砂、极细砂为主,成分成熟度偏低、结构成熟度中等,这是造成储层低孔、低渗的主要原因。
In this paper, the reservoir microfacies, petrology, physical properties and pore structure characteristics of Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area of Chenghao have maken a systematic research, which based on drilling and logging datas, with the core observation and the techniques of casting section, SEM, pore image, conventional pressure mercury, and relative permeability curve experimental. At the same time, reservoir properties have been discussed from the perspective of sedimentation and diagenesis. The conclusions go as following:
(1) The Sedimentary facies of Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area of Chenghao mainly shows a shallow lacustrine delta front subfacies, which is basically the band Spread in the plane. There are three microfacies:underwater distribution channel, mouth bar, and interdistributory bay.
(2) The main lithology of Chang-3 member reservoir in this study area are mainly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstones, which has the characteristics of low composition maturity, medium textural maturity, and sub-round to sub-angular shaped. Interstitial materials are mainly authigenic clay minerals and carbonate minerals that were formed cement. The main types of pore cementation are pore-film cemented and a few of films-pore type cement.
(3) Chang-3 member reservoir in Xi-259 well area is a low porosity and low permeability reservoirs, which main reservoir spaces are esidual intergranular pores, followed by dissolution holes. The main throat type is lamellar and curved lamellar, followed by necking-type throat and tube-shaped throat. The connectivity of interporosity is poor, and pore fabric shows fine-middle.
(4) The types of diagenesis of in Chang-3 member are compaction, cementation and dissolution, followed by metasomatism and rupture. The compaction and cementation is one of the main reason which make effective reservoir porosity and permeability low; but the dissolution plays an active role on reservoir properties.
(5) The ability of Chang-3 reservoir was mainly controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. Particle size of rock in weaker hydrodynamic deposition is mainly fine, very fine sand, low compositional maturity and medium texture maturity, which is the main reason for low porosity and permeability of reservoir.
引文
[1]杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律,北京,石油工业出版社,2002。
[2]罗蛰潭,王允诚油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：62-80
[3]肖立志,刘堂宴.傅容珊等.利用核磁共振测井评价储层的捕集能力[J].石油学报,2004,25(4)：38-41
[4]孙卫,史成恩,赵惊蛰,等.X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用—以西峰油田庄19井区长82储层为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(5)：775-781
[5]于俊波,郭殿军,王新强.基于恒速压汞技术的低渗透储层物性特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2)：22-25
[6]蒋凌志,顾家裕,郭彬程.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1)：13-18
[7]李道品.低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术,低渗透油藏开发水平研究,北京,石油工业出版社,1993年10月。
[8]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1997：14-30
[9]熊琦华,吴胜和.新疆三塘湖盆地煤系地层低渗透砂岩储集层成因机理及储集特征[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(2)：170-1176
[10]杨晓萍,赵文智,邹才能,等.低渗透储层成因机理及优质储层形成与分布[J].石油学报,2007,28(4)：57-62
[11]李凤杰 王多云,鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长3油组高分辨率层序地层学分析,西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,224)
[12]裘译楠,薛叔浩.油气储集层评价技术,北京,石油工业出版社,1997
[13]郑浚茂,应凤祥.煤系地层(酸性水介质)的砂岩储层特征及成岩模式[J].石油学报,1997,18(4)：19-24
[14]李克勤等,鄂尔多斯盆地中南部三叠系延长统长10—长1油层组沉积相研究,1988,内部资料
[15]朱国华,成岩作用与砂层(岩)孔隙演化,石油与天然气地质,1982,3(3)。
[16]李玉明,李凤杰,王多云.鄂尔多斯盆地华池油田延长组3油组短期基准面旋回层序分析与等时对比,沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(4)
[17]邸世祥,等.中国碎屑岩储集层的孔隙结构及其成因与对油气运移的控制作用,西北大学出版社,1991。
[18]刘林玉,张龙,王震亮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3储层微观非均质性的实验分析,沉积学报,2007,25(2),225-229
[19]Chemali R., Gianzero S., Su S. M. The dual laterolog in common complex situation,29th Annual Logging Symposium Transaction, Society of Professional Well Log Analyst, Paper N,1988
[20]赵杏媛,张有瑜.粘土矿物与粘土矿物分析,北京,海洋出版社,1990。
[21]李凤杰 王多云 郑希民等,陕甘宁盆地陇东地区长3油组坳陷湖盆岩性油藏成藏模式,西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(3),1-9
[22]罗平,裘怿楠,贾爱林.中国油气储层地质研究面临的挑战和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1)：142-147
[23]刘林玉,陈刚,柳益群,等.碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2)：97-101
[24]孙卫,何娟等华池油田华152井区长1、长3油层沉积相与储层研究,长庆油田,内部资料.P10-35
[25]石雪峰,杜海峰.姬源地区长3-长4+5油层组沉积相研究,岩性油气藏,2008,20(1)
[26]杨晓宁,陈洪德,寿建峰,等.碎屑岩次生孔隙形成机制[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(1)：4-6
[27]高子东 文志刚 李友强.华池油田华152井区三叠系长3’油组沉积微相及含油性研究,石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2008,30(2)
[28]David W. Houseknecht. Assessing the relative importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstones [J]. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin.1987,71 (6):633-642
[29]Shanmugam G.. Significance of secondary porosity in interpreting sand-stone composition [J]. AAPG.1985, v69 (3):378-384
[30]曾大乾,李淑贞.中国低渗透砂岩储层类型及地质特征[J].石油学报,1994,15(1)：38-46
[31]A Katz, A Thompson. Factal Sandstone Pores:Implications for Conductivity and Pore Formation. Physical Review Letters [J].1985,54(12):1325-1328
[32]于俊波,郭殿军,王新强.基于恒速压汞技术的低渗透储层物性特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2)：22-25
[33]杨正明,张英芝,郝明强.低渗透油田储层综合评价方法[J].石油学报,2006,27(2)：64-67
[34]GAULIER C. Studying vugular rocks by constant-rate mercury injection [R]. SPE 3612,1971
[35]YUAN H H, WANSON B F. Solving pore space characteristics by rate-controlled porosimetry [R]. SPE 14892,1989
[36]窦伟坦鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长33油组油气富集的控制因素,西安石油学院学报,1999.5(14)：1-4.
[37]陈冬霞,庞雄奇,姜振学等.利用核磁共振物理模拟实验研究岩性油气藏成藏机理[J].地质学报,2006,80(3)：432-438
[38]Pittman,E.D., Duschatko,R.W., Use of Pore Casts and Scanning Electron Microscope to Study Pore Geometry [J], Petrology,1970,40 (4):1153-1158
[39]Schmidt,V., McDonald,D.A., Texture and Recognition of Secondary Porosity in Sandstone:in
P.A.Scholle and P.R.Schluger:Aspects of Diagenesis-Symposia:Soc Econ Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec[R]. Pub,26,1979
[40]陈德岭,邸世祥.碎屑岩储集层孔隙分类的探讨[J].西安矿业学院学报,1990,11(3)：37-47
[41]邸世祥.中国碎屑岩储集层的孔隙结构[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1981：1-7
[42]赵重远.石油地质学进展[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1988：135-140
[43]Fatt,I. The Network Model of Porous Media,Trans[J], AIME,1972,V207:144-177
[44]Dullien,F.A.L, Effects of Pore Structure on Capillary and Flow Phenomena in Sandstone, CPTJ,1975,v14 (3):56-65
[45]Dullien,F.A.L,Dhawn,G.K.,Bivariate Pore Size Distribution of Some Sandstone[J], Jounal of Colloid and Interface Science,1975,v52 (1):129-135
[46]毛志强,高楚桥.孔隙结构与含油岩石电阻率性质理论模拟研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2)：87-93
[47]Voloitin Y, Looyestijn W J, Slijkerman W, et al.A practical approach to obtain primary drainage capillary pressure curves from NMR core and log data [J]. Petrophysics,2001,v42 (4):334-343
[48]张龙海,周灿灿,刘国强,等.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6)：671-677
[49]McDougall S R, Sorbie K S. The Combined Effect of Capillary and Viscous Forces on Waterflood Displacement Efficiency in Finely Laminated Porous Media[R], SPE 26659,1993
[50]胡文瑞,张世富,杨承宗,等.安塞特低渗透油田开发实践[J].西安石油学院学报,1993,9(1)：16-21
[51]朱维耀,鞠岩,赵明,等.低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏多孔介质渗吸机理研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(6)：56-60
[52]曲志浩,孔令荣.低渗透油层微观水驱油特征[J].西北大学学报,2002,32(4)：329-334
[53]李道品,罗迪强.低渗透油田开发的特殊规律-低渗透油田开发系列论文之一[J].断块油气田,1994,1(4)：30-35
[54]Louis Cuiec, Oil recovery by imbibition in low_permability chalk[J]. SPE Formation Evalution,1994,9(3):289-294
[55]张文达,朱盘良,梁舒.砂岩压汞毛细管压力曲线评价储层的新参数及地质意义[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(4)：384-388
[56]王允诚,董继芬.砂岩孔隙-喉道分布的特征参数[J].成都地质学院学报,1984,(1)：63-70
[57]陈立官,王柏钧,李鸿智.结构优度-估价储油层孔隙结构的首要参数[J].石油与天然气地质,1980,1(1)：69-74
[58]F. O. Alpak, E. B. Dussan, V. T. Habashy and C. Torres-Verdin, Numerical Simulation of Mud-filtrate Invasion in Horizontal Wells and Sensitivity Analysis of Array Induction Tools, SPWLA 43rd Annual Logging Symposium, June 2-5,2002
[59]朱维耀.提高油层波及效率增产渗流理论和方法[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2005：48-60
[60]SY／T 6312-1997,岩石孔隙结构特征的测定、图像分析法[S].北京：石油工业出版社,2004
[61]陈杰,周改英,赵喜亮,等.储层岩石孔隙结构特征研究方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4)：11-15
[62]廖明光,李士伦,谈德辉.砂岩储层渗透率与压汞曲线特征参数间的关系[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4)：5-10
[63]廖明光,李士伦,谈德辉.根据压汞曲线估算储集层渗透率的模型[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6)：503-507
[64]廖明光,付晓文.砂岩储层的毛管压力曲线反演模型[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(4)：5-10
[65]Wardlaw N C, Quantitative Determinatation of Pore Structure and Application to Fluid Displacement in Reservoir Rock[M].North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoir-Ⅱ,1990:243-299
[66]肖忠祥,肖亮,张伟.利用毛管压力曲线计算砂岩渗透率的新方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(2)：204-208
[67]Purcell W R. Capillary pressures-their measurement using mereury and the calculation of permeability therefrom[J]. Trans AIME,1949,v41(5):39-48
[68]Swanson B F.A simple correlation between permeabilities and mereury capillary pressure[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1981,v40(12):2498-2503
[69]Gianzero S., Su S M., There sponse of an induction dipmeter and standard induction tools in dipping beds. Geophysics,1990,55(9):1128～1140
[70]Swanson B F. Visualizing pores and nonwetting phase in porous rocks[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1979,v31(1),10-18
[71]George R. Coates, Lizhi Xiao, and Manfred G. Prammer, NMR Logging Principles & Applications, Gulf publishing Company,1999
[72]Guo Boyun, Ali Ghalambor, Duan shengkai. Correlation between sandstone permeability and capillary pressure curves[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2004, v43(2):239-246
[73]Edward,D Pittman. Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection capillary Pressure curves for sandstone[J]. AAPG,1992,v76(2):191-198
[74]吕鸣岗,毕海滨.用毛管压力曲线确定原始含油饱和度[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5)：63-67
[75]黄述旺,蔡毅,魏萍,等.储层微观孔隙结构特征空间展布研究方法[J].石油学报,1994,15,增刊：76-81
[76]涂富华,唐仁琪,韩锦文,等.砂岩孔隙结构对水驱油效率的影响研究[J].石油学报,1983,4(2)：49-53
[77]章成广,秦瑞宝.用毛管压力曲线解释原始含水饱和度[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(4)：8-11
[78]McCain, W.D.Jr. Reservoir water property correlation-state of the art[J]. SPE Reservoir Enginnering May,1991,266-272
[79]严衡文,皮广农等.我国陆相低渗透砂岩油层的粒度和孔隙系统特征.低渗透油气田,1997,2(1)：18～24
[80]鲁国明,朱家俊.利用毛细管压力预测油水界面位置的一种回归分析方法[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4)：70-74
[81]时佃海.油水界面倾角与储集层物性变化关系分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3)：322-323
[82]王瑞飞.低渗砂岩储层微观特征及物性演化研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007
[83]N.C.Wardlaw, R.P.Taylor. Mercury capillary pressure curves and the Interpretation of pore structure and capillary behaviour in reservoir rocks[J].Bull, C.P.G.,1976,V24(2)
[84]M.霍纳波.油藏相对渗透率[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1989：80-81
[85]高华,高楚桥,胡向阳.莺歌海盆地束缚水饱和度影响因素研究[J],石油物探,2005,44(2)：158-160
[86]中石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2006：16-24
[87]李琴.相对渗透率法评定储集层岩石表面润湿性[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(4)：454-458
[88]马永海.用相对渗透率曲线鉴定润湿性[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,20(2)：80-85
[89]贾红育,曲志浩,孔令荣,等.低渗透油田油层结垢机理[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(5)：104-108
[90]赵跃华,王敏.双河油田储层孔隙结构特征分类及影响因素[J].石油学报,1994,15(4)：31-39
[91]代金友,张一伟,熊琦华,等.成岩作用对储集层物性贡献比率研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4)：54-56
[92]王瑞飞,陈明强,孙卫.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(2)：270-278
[93]黄延章.低渗透油层渗流机理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1998：76-79
[94]SY／T 5477-2003,碎屑岩成岩阶段划分[S].北京：石油工业出版社,2003
[95]罗静兰,张晓莉,张云翔,等.成岩作用对河流—三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4)：541-547
[96]宋子齐,王静,路向伟,等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2)：21-2
[2]罗蛰潭,王允诚油气储集层的孔隙结构[M].北京：科学出版社,1986：62-80
[3]肖立志,刘堂宴.傅容珊等.利用核磁共振测井评价储层的捕集能力[J].石油学报,2004,25(4)：38-41
[4]孙卫,史成恩,赵惊蛰,等.X-CT扫描成像技术在特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理研究中的应用—以西峰油田庄19井区长82储层为例[J].地质学报,2006,80(5)：775-781
[5]于俊波,郭殿军,王新强.基于恒速压汞技术的低渗透储层物性特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2)：22-25
[6]蒋凌志,顾家裕,郭彬程.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理[J].沉积学报,2004,22(1)：13-18
[7]李道品.低渗透油气藏勘探开发技术,低渗透油藏开发水平研究,北京,石油工业出版社,1993年10月。
[8]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1997：14-30
[9]熊琦华,吴胜和.新疆三塘湖盆地煤系地层低渗透砂岩储集层成因机理及储集特征[J].新疆石油地质,1997,18(2)：170-1176
[10]杨晓萍,赵文智,邹才能,等.低渗透储层成因机理及优质储层形成与分布[J].石油学报,2007,28(4)：57-62
[11]李凤杰 王多云,鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长3油组高分辨率层序地层学分析,西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,224)
[12]裘译楠,薛叔浩.油气储集层评价技术,北京,石油工业出版社,1997
[13]郑浚茂,应凤祥.煤系地层(酸性水介质)的砂岩储层特征及成岩模式[J].石油学报,1997,18(4)：19-24
[14]李克勤等,鄂尔多斯盆地中南部三叠系延长统长10—长1油层组沉积相研究,1988,内部资料
[15]朱国华,成岩作用与砂层(岩)孔隙演化,石油与天然气地质,1982,3(3)。
[16]李玉明,李凤杰,王多云.鄂尔多斯盆地华池油田延长组3油组短期基准面旋回层序分析与等时对比,沉积与特提斯地质,2006,26(4)
[17]邸世祥,等.中国碎屑岩储集层的孔隙结构及其成因与对油气运移的控制作用,西北大学出版社,1991。
[18]刘林玉,张龙,王震亮,等.鄂尔多斯盆地镇北地区长3储层微观非均质性的实验分析,沉积学报,2007,25(2),225-229
[19]Chemali R., Gianzero S., Su S. M. The dual laterolog in common complex situation,29th Annual Logging Symposium Transaction, Society of Professional Well Log Analyst, Paper N,1988
[20]赵杏媛,张有瑜.粘土矿物与粘土矿物分析,北京,海洋出版社,1990。
[21]李凤杰 王多云 郑希民等,陕甘宁盆地陇东地区长3油组坳陷湖盆岩性油藏成藏模式,西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(3),1-9
[22]罗平,裘怿楠,贾爱林.中国油气储层地质研究面临的挑战和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1)：142-147
[23]刘林玉,陈刚,柳益群,等.碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析[J].沉积学报,1998,16(2)：97-101
[24]孙卫,何娟等华池油田华152井区长1、长3油层沉积相与储层研究,长庆油田,内部资料.P10-35
[25]石雪峰,杜海峰.姬源地区长3-长4+5油层组沉积相研究,岩性油气藏,2008,20(1)
[26]杨晓宁,陈洪德,寿建峰,等.碎屑岩次生孔隙形成机制[J].大庆石油学院学报,2004,28(1)：4-6
[27]高子东 文志刚 李友强.华池油田华152井区三叠系长3’油组沉积微相及含油性研究,石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报),2008,30(2)
[28]David W. Houseknecht. Assessing the relative importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstones [J]. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin.1987,71 (6):633-642
[29]Shanmugam G.. Significance of secondary porosity in interpreting sand-stone composition [J]. AAPG.1985, v69 (3):378-384
[30]曾大乾,李淑贞.中国低渗透砂岩储层类型及地质特征[J].石油学报,1994,15(1)：38-46
[31]A Katz, A Thompson. Factal Sandstone Pores:Implications for Conductivity and Pore Formation. Physical Review Letters [J].1985,54(12):1325-1328
[32]于俊波,郭殿军,王新强.基于恒速压汞技术的低渗透储层物性特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2)：22-25
[33]杨正明,张英芝,郝明强.低渗透油田储层综合评价方法[J].石油学报,2006,27(2)：64-67
[34]GAULIER C. Studying vugular rocks by constant-rate mercury injection [R]. SPE 3612,1971
[35]YUAN H H, WANSON B F. Solving pore space characteristics by rate-controlled porosimetry [R]. SPE 14892,1989
[36]窦伟坦鄂尔多斯盆地城华地区长33油组油气富集的控制因素,西安石油学院学报,1999.5(14)：1-4.
[37]陈冬霞,庞雄奇,姜振学等.利用核磁共振物理模拟实验研究岩性油气藏成藏机理[J].地质学报,2006,80(3)：432-438
[38]Pittman,E.D., Duschatko,R.W., Use of Pore Casts and Scanning Electron Microscope to Study Pore Geometry [J], Petrology,1970,40 (4):1153-1158
[39]Schmidt,V., McDonald,D.A., Texture and Recognition of Secondary Porosity in Sandstone:in
P.A.Scholle and P.R.Schluger:Aspects of Diagenesis-Symposia:Soc Econ Paleontologists and Mineralogists Spec[R]. Pub,26,1979
[40]陈德岭,邸世祥.碎屑岩储集层孔隙分类的探讨[J].西安矿业学院学报,1990,11(3)：37-47
[41]邸世祥.中国碎屑岩储集层的孔隙结构[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1981：1-7
[42]赵重远.石油地质学进展[M].西安：西北大学出版社,1988：135-140
[43]Fatt,I. The Network Model of Porous Media,Trans[J], AIME,1972,V207:144-177
[44]Dullien,F.A.L, Effects of Pore Structure on Capillary and Flow Phenomena in Sandstone, CPTJ,1975,v14 (3):56-65
[45]Dullien,F.A.L,Dhawn,G.K.,Bivariate Pore Size Distribution of Some Sandstone[J], Jounal of Colloid and Interface Science,1975,v52 (1):129-135
[46]毛志强,高楚桥.孔隙结构与含油岩石电阻率性质理论模拟研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2000,27(2)：87-93
[47]Voloitin Y, Looyestijn W J, Slijkerman W, et al.A practical approach to obtain primary drainage capillary pressure curves from NMR core and log data [J]. Petrophysics,2001,v42 (4):334-343
[48]张龙海,周灿灿,刘国强,等.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6)：671-677
[49]McDougall S R, Sorbie K S. The Combined Effect of Capillary and Viscous Forces on Waterflood Displacement Efficiency in Finely Laminated Porous Media[R], SPE 26659,1993
[50]胡文瑞,张世富,杨承宗,等.安塞特低渗透油田开发实践[J].西安石油学院学报,1993,9(1)：16-21
[51]朱维耀,鞠岩,赵明,等.低渗透裂缝性砂岩油藏多孔介质渗吸机理研究[J].石油学报,2002,23(6)：56-60
[52]曲志浩,孔令荣.低渗透油层微观水驱油特征[J].西北大学学报,2002,32(4)：329-334
[53]李道品,罗迪强.低渗透油田开发的特殊规律-低渗透油田开发系列论文之一[J].断块油气田,1994,1(4)：30-35
[54]Louis Cuiec, Oil recovery by imbibition in low_permability chalk[J]. SPE Formation Evalution,1994,9(3):289-294
[55]张文达,朱盘良,梁舒.砂岩压汞毛细管压力曲线评价储层的新参数及地质意义[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(4)：384-388
[56]王允诚,董继芬.砂岩孔隙-喉道分布的特征参数[J].成都地质学院学报,1984,(1)：63-70
[57]陈立官,王柏钧,李鸿智.结构优度-估价储油层孔隙结构的首要参数[J].石油与天然气地质,1980,1(1)：69-74
[58]F. O. Alpak, E. B. Dussan, V. T. Habashy and C. Torres-Verdin, Numerical Simulation of Mud-filtrate Invasion in Horizontal Wells and Sensitivity Analysis of Array Induction Tools, SPWLA 43rd Annual Logging Symposium, June 2-5,2002
[59]朱维耀.提高油层波及效率增产渗流理论和方法[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2005：48-60
[60]SY／T 6312-1997,岩石孔隙结构特征的测定、图像分析法[S].北京：石油工业出版社,2004
[61]陈杰,周改英,赵喜亮,等.储层岩石孔隙结构特征研究方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2005,12(4)：11-15
[62]廖明光,李士伦,谈德辉.砂岩储层渗透率与压汞曲线特征参数间的关系[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(4)：5-10
[63]廖明光,李士伦,谈德辉.根据压汞曲线估算储集层渗透率的模型[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(6)：503-507
[64]廖明光,付晓文.砂岩储层的毛管压力曲线反演模型[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(4)：5-10
[65]Wardlaw N C, Quantitative Determinatation of Pore Structure and Application to Fluid Displacement in Reservoir Rock[M].North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoir-Ⅱ,1990:243-299
[66]肖忠祥,肖亮,张伟.利用毛管压力曲线计算砂岩渗透率的新方法[J].石油物探,2008,47(2)：204-208
[67]Purcell W R. Capillary pressures-their measurement using mereury and the calculation of permeability therefrom[J]. Trans AIME,1949,v41(5):39-48
[68]Swanson B F.A simple correlation between permeabilities and mereury capillary pressure[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1981,v40(12):2498-2503
[69]Gianzero S., Su S M., There sponse of an induction dipmeter and standard induction tools in dipping beds. Geophysics,1990,55(9):1128～1140
[70]Swanson B F. Visualizing pores and nonwetting phase in porous rocks[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1979,v31(1),10-18
[71]George R. Coates, Lizhi Xiao, and Manfred G. Prammer, NMR Logging Principles & Applications, Gulf publishing Company,1999
[72]Guo Boyun, Ali Ghalambor, Duan shengkai. Correlation between sandstone permeability and capillary pressure curves[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2004, v43(2):239-246
[73]Edward,D Pittman. Relationship of porosity and permeability to various parameters derived from mercury injection capillary Pressure curves for sandstone[J]. AAPG,1992,v76(2):191-198
[74]吕鸣岗,毕海滨.用毛管压力曲线确定原始含油饱和度[J].石油勘探与开发,1996,23(5)：63-67
[75]黄述旺,蔡毅,魏萍,等.储层微观孔隙结构特征空间展布研究方法[J].石油学报,1994,15,增刊：76-81
[76]涂富华,唐仁琪,韩锦文,等.砂岩孔隙结构对水驱油效率的影响研究[J].石油学报,1983,4(2)：49-53
[77]章成广,秦瑞宝.用毛管压力曲线解释原始含水饱和度[J].江汉石油学院学报,1999,21(4)：8-11
[78]McCain, W.D.Jr. Reservoir water property correlation-state of the art[J]. SPE Reservoir Enginnering May,1991,266-272
[79]严衡文,皮广农等.我国陆相低渗透砂岩油层的粒度和孔隙系统特征.低渗透油气田,1997,2(1)：18～24
[80]鲁国明,朱家俊.利用毛细管压力预测油水界面位置的一种回归分析方法[J].石油勘探与开发,1995,22(4)：70-74
[81]时佃海.油水界面倾角与储集层物性变化关系分析[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(3)：322-323
[82]王瑞飞.低渗砂岩储层微观特征及物性演化研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007
[83]N.C.Wardlaw, R.P.Taylor. Mercury capillary pressure curves and the Interpretation of pore structure and capillary behaviour in reservoir rocks[J].Bull, C.P.G.,1976,V24(2)
[84]M.霍纳波.油藏相对渗透率[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1989：80-81
[85]高华,高楚桥,胡向阳.莺歌海盆地束缚水饱和度影响因素研究[J],石油物探,2005,44(2)：158-160
[86]中石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2006：16-24
[87]李琴.相对渗透率法评定储集层岩石表面润湿性[J].石油实验地质,1996,18(4)：454-458
[88]马永海.用相对渗透率曲线鉴定润湿性[J].石油勘探与开发,1993,20(2)：80-85
[89]贾红育,曲志浩,孔令荣,等.低渗透油田油层结垢机理[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(5)：104-108
[90]赵跃华,王敏.双河油田储层孔隙结构特征分类及影响因素[J].石油学报,1994,15(4)：31-39
[91]代金友,张一伟,熊琦华,等.成岩作用对储集层物性贡献比率研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(4)：54-56
[92]王瑞飞,陈明强,孙卫.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组超低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构特征研究[J].地质论评,2008,54(2)：270-278
[93]黄延章.低渗透油层渗流机理[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1998：76-79
[94]SY／T 5477-2003,碎屑岩成岩阶段划分[S].北京：石油工业出版社,2003
[95]罗静兰,张晓莉,张云翔,等.成岩作用对河流—三角洲相砂岩储层物性演化的影响[J].沉积学报,2001,19(4)：541-547
[96]宋子齐,王静,路向伟,等.特低渗透油气藏成岩储集相的定量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2006,13(2)：21-2