采动破碎岩体渗流特性及渗流耦合模型研究
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摘要
采矿活动必然造成地下岩体应力的重新分布和岩体的破裂损伤,这种损伤极大地改变了围岩的渗透性,从而导致了矿井突水和瓦斯突出等安全事故。采动破碎岩体是岩土工程中一种较为常见的多孔介质,具有较高的压实性和渗透性,其渗透系数比完整岩体增加一至数个量级,煤矿开采中常会遇到破碎岩体中的渗流问题,因而采动破碎岩体渗流行为的研究对于促进煤矿安全生产、实现煤炭资源的绿色开采和煤炭工业的可持续发展有着重要的理论意义和工程实际价值。同时,如何及时有效地对突水和瓦斯突出进行预测及防治,需要进一步研究渗流破坏机制,所以建立相应的渗流耦合模型,是进行机制分析的理论基础,对预测及防治具有重大的科学指导意义。
针对低渗透性煤层瓦斯赋存和运移的特点,根据瓦斯渗流与煤体变形的基本理论,引入煤体孔隙变形与透气性演化的耦合作用方程,建立了考虑煤层吸附、解吸作用的含瓦斯煤岩固气耦合作用模型。应用该模型模拟研究了不同压力影响下瓦斯抽放过程中煤层透气性的演化和抽放孔周围瓦斯压力的变化规律。
采空冒落区破碎岩体,属于高孔隙特征,瓦斯渗流为非线性非Darcy渗流特性,本文提出基于Fick扩散定律和Brinkman方程的瓦斯扩散-通风对流运移模型,比较适合采空冒落区的风流运动和瓦斯对流扩散规律。通过数值求解,研究采煤工作面采空冒落区内瓦斯运移的作用机理。计算结果表明,本文提出的模型兼顾流体压力梯度和风流动能作用的特点,科学合理,符合实际。
针对矿井突水问题,考虑采动破碎岩体的非达西渗流特性,本文认为Brinkman方程比较适合描述从含水层中的Darcy层流向巷道中的Navier-Stokes紊流过渡的流体流动过程,基于质量守恒和压力平衡,建立了突水流体流动数值模型。据此,以采动诱发陷落柱、断层突水为例,应用COMSOL Multiphysics系统数值分析工具,通过在模型中耦合了Brinkman方程、Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy方程,把含水层、岩体破碎带和巷道整个突水水流路径连接在一起,模拟突水流动全过程。计算结果表明,陷落柱、断层作为含水层渗流和巷道突水自由流动的过渡区域,在采掘扰动下,其渗透性变化对于突水压力和流速演变十分敏感,陷落柱或断层导水破碎带沟通了含水层和巷道之间的水力联系,而含水层充足的补给水量是保持恒定的高水压并沿陷落柱或断层形成突水的根源。
Mining activities inevitably leads to redistribution of stress of underground rock and fracture and damage of rock mass, which has greatly change the permeability of surrounding rock, thus caused water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst accidents. Mining broken rock mass, which has high compactibility and permeability, is a porous media as widely encountered in geotechnical engineering. Compared with intact rock mass, the order of magnitude of permeability coefficient was many times increased Seepage problem of overbroken rock mass is very common in coal mining. Therefore, this study is an important significance and conspicuous practical value which can promote coal mine safety production, trealize the green that carries out the coal resources to mine and sustainable development of coal industry. Meanwhile, how to predict and control water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst timely and effectively, the mechanism of seepage failure should be studied further. Setting up a seepage coupling model is theoretical basis of mechanism analysis, it has great scientific guidance meanings to predict and control water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst.
In accordance with the characteristics of gas hosting and migration of low permeability coal seam, on the basis of seepage theory of gas flow in coal seams, elastic theory of coal deformation, together with the coupling relationship between gas permeability and porosity, a mathematical model for coupled gas flow in coal collieries is established. By using the gas flow model, the mining induced pressure relief, the gas pressure changes, gas drainage and the associated characteristics of gas permeability and gas pressure in coal seam during mining were numerically simulated.
Gas seepage in high porous broken rocks has obvious characteristics of non darcy flow in the large area roof caving in goaf, a diffusion-ventilation model for gas mitigation in goaf, which considers the comprehensive contribution of flow pressure gradient and kinetic energy during the gas flow, is proposed based Fick's law of diffusion and Brinkman equation. This model is capable of describing the gas mitigation under the ventilation conditions during the large area roof caving in goaf. Based on numerical solution of the proposed model, the mechanism controlling the gas flow in goaf is clarified. The simulation results indicate that the model proposed in this study, which incorporates the contribution of gas pressure gradient and kinetic energy of gas flow, is scientifically reasonable for describe the real in-situ gas mitigation in goaf.
Considering the characteristics of non-darcy of mining broken rock mass in water inrush problem, in this study, a water-inrush model, in which the Brinkman equation is thought to be suitable for describing the non-darcy's law's characteristics in fault fractured zone and flow during the transition from darcy laws in aquifer to Navier-Stokes laws in tunnel, is proposed based on conservation of mass and pressure balance, in order to predict the hydraulic process during the water inrush. This model is considered to be promising and practical for characterizing the whole fluid flow and water-inrush process. Then, as a typical example, the water-inrush due to karstic collapse columns and faults, which is considered to be a coupled process that can be characterized with Darcy equation in confined aquifer, Brinkman equation in fractured zone and Navier-Stokes's equation in tunnel, is simulated when the above-proposed model is implemented into Comsol Multiphysics. The complete fluid flow process in confined aquifer, fractured zone and tunnel are all numerically predicted. The numerical results indicate that, the karstic collapse column and faults, being a fractured zone in rock mass, is the transition zone between linear darcy flow in confined acquirer and water-inrush in tunnel, and its permeability is very sensitive to the water pressure and the flow velocity. The karstic collapse columns or fractured zone is the channel that connects the confined aquifer and tunnel, and the recharge of confined aquifer is the main cause that leads to the high water pressure and the water in-rush through the karstic collapse columns or faults under the disturbance of mining.
针对低渗透性煤层瓦斯赋存和运移的特点,根据瓦斯渗流与煤体变形的基本理论,引入煤体孔隙变形与透气性演化的耦合作用方程,建立了考虑煤层吸附、解吸作用的含瓦斯煤岩固气耦合作用模型。应用该模型模拟研究了不同压力影响下瓦斯抽放过程中煤层透气性的演化和抽放孔周围瓦斯压力的变化规律。
采空冒落区破碎岩体,属于高孔隙特征,瓦斯渗流为非线性非Darcy渗流特性,本文提出基于Fick扩散定律和Brinkman方程的瓦斯扩散-通风对流运移模型,比较适合采空冒落区的风流运动和瓦斯对流扩散规律。通过数值求解,研究采煤工作面采空冒落区内瓦斯运移的作用机理。计算结果表明,本文提出的模型兼顾流体压力梯度和风流动能作用的特点,科学合理,符合实际。
针对矿井突水问题,考虑采动破碎岩体的非达西渗流特性,本文认为Brinkman方程比较适合描述从含水层中的Darcy层流向巷道中的Navier-Stokes紊流过渡的流体流动过程,基于质量守恒和压力平衡,建立了突水流体流动数值模型。据此,以采动诱发陷落柱、断层突水为例,应用COMSOL Multiphysics系统数值分析工具,通过在模型中耦合了Brinkman方程、Navier-Stokes方程和Darcy方程,把含水层、岩体破碎带和巷道整个突水水流路径连接在一起,模拟突水流动全过程。计算结果表明,陷落柱、断层作为含水层渗流和巷道突水自由流动的过渡区域,在采掘扰动下,其渗透性变化对于突水压力和流速演变十分敏感,陷落柱或断层导水破碎带沟通了含水层和巷道之间的水力联系,而含水层充足的补给水量是保持恒定的高水压并沿陷落柱或断层形成突水的根源。
Mining activities inevitably leads to redistribution of stress of underground rock and fracture and damage of rock mass, which has greatly change the permeability of surrounding rock, thus caused water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst accidents. Mining broken rock mass, which has high compactibility and permeability, is a porous media as widely encountered in geotechnical engineering. Compared with intact rock mass, the order of magnitude of permeability coefficient was many times increased Seepage problem of overbroken rock mass is very common in coal mining. Therefore, this study is an important significance and conspicuous practical value which can promote coal mine safety production, trealize the green that carries out the coal resources to mine and sustainable development of coal industry. Meanwhile, how to predict and control water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst timely and effectively, the mechanism of seepage failure should be studied further. Setting up a seepage coupling model is theoretical basis of mechanism analysis, it has great scientific guidance meanings to predict and control water inrush in coal mine and gas outburst.
In accordance with the characteristics of gas hosting and migration of low permeability coal seam, on the basis of seepage theory of gas flow in coal seams, elastic theory of coal deformation, together with the coupling relationship between gas permeability and porosity, a mathematical model for coupled gas flow in coal collieries is established. By using the gas flow model, the mining induced pressure relief, the gas pressure changes, gas drainage and the associated characteristics of gas permeability and gas pressure in coal seam during mining were numerically simulated.
Gas seepage in high porous broken rocks has obvious characteristics of non darcy flow in the large area roof caving in goaf, a diffusion-ventilation model for gas mitigation in goaf, which considers the comprehensive contribution of flow pressure gradient and kinetic energy during the gas flow, is proposed based Fick's law of diffusion and Brinkman equation. This model is capable of describing the gas mitigation under the ventilation conditions during the large area roof caving in goaf. Based on numerical solution of the proposed model, the mechanism controlling the gas flow in goaf is clarified. The simulation results indicate that the model proposed in this study, which incorporates the contribution of gas pressure gradient and kinetic energy of gas flow, is scientifically reasonable for describe the real in-situ gas mitigation in goaf.
Considering the characteristics of non-darcy of mining broken rock mass in water inrush problem, in this study, a water-inrush model, in which the Brinkman equation is thought to be suitable for describing the non-darcy's law's characteristics in fault fractured zone and flow during the transition from darcy laws in aquifer to Navier-Stokes laws in tunnel, is proposed based on conservation of mass and pressure balance, in order to predict the hydraulic process during the water inrush. This model is considered to be promising and practical for characterizing the whole fluid flow and water-inrush process. Then, as a typical example, the water-inrush due to karstic collapse columns and faults, which is considered to be a coupled process that can be characterized with Darcy equation in confined aquifer, Brinkman equation in fractured zone and Navier-Stokes's equation in tunnel, is simulated when the above-proposed model is implemented into Comsol Multiphysics. The complete fluid flow process in confined aquifer, fractured zone and tunnel are all numerically predicted. The numerical results indicate that, the karstic collapse column and faults, being a fractured zone in rock mass, is the transition zone between linear darcy flow in confined acquirer and water-inrush in tunnel, and its permeability is very sensitive to the water pressure and the flow velocity. The karstic collapse columns or fractured zone is the channel that connects the confined aquifer and tunnel, and the recharge of confined aquifer is the main cause that leads to the high water pressure and the water in-rush through the karstic collapse columns or faults under the disturbance of mining.
引文
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