基于计算机自动化控制系统的硫化工艺优化综合实验台的开发研究
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摘要
本论文针对橡胶硫化生产中硫化工艺的最佳参数难以确定的问题，提出了提高硫化设备的控制精度以实现硫化工艺执行条件的改善，以硫化理论为指导，以实验为基础求取最佳硫化工艺参数的解决方案。本课题在浙江湖州宏图机械有限公司生产的型平板硫化机的基础上，以工业控制计算机为控制平台和数据处理中心，通过改造原平板硫化机的控制系统和开发硫化工艺优化软件，研制出了一台可供生产和实验用的硫化工艺优化综合实验台样机。
本文中作者对型平板硫化机的控制系统进行了分析，结合平板硫化机的国内外研究现状及发展趋势，改造了该机的控制系统，在此基础上，结合数字信号处理、控制理论、软件工程等相关知识，在Windows98系统下，以Visual C++开发出了一套用于该机自动化控制的软件。经实验证实，改造后的控制系统具有控制精度高、自动化程度高、用户界面友好、性能稳定等特点，能够保证硫化条件的精确实施，对硫化产品质量的提高具有积极意义。
本文对硫化的基础理论作了简要介绍，在理论分析的基础上指出：目前指导生产的理论和经验公式给出的硫化工艺参数只具有原则上的指导意义，而非最佳硫化工艺参数，在此基础上，提出了以理论和经验公式为指导，结合正交实验方法以求取最佳硫化工艺参数的新方法。
本文结合数理统计、系统工程等专业知识，进行了正交实验设计。在正交实验设计中，对多指标正交实验的综合评分法做了重点分析，并对多指标赋权方法做了重点探讨。在正交实验的数据处理中，涉及到了大量繁琐的计算，为此，作者以Delphi开发出了一套硫化工艺参数优化软件。
该综合实验台研制成功以后，经重庆奔腾科技发展公司、重庆佳鼎实业有限公司相继试用，证明其硫化工艺优化效果显著，不仅从根本上解决了原来次品多、效益差的问题，而且使其产品的质量从总体上得以大幅提高，实现了硫化工艺参数优化的目的，为企业创造了较好的经济效益。
The thesis aimed at the problem that it's hard to find the optimum parameters of vulcanization technology in vulcanization manufacture of rubber, and put forward the solving method which performs the vulcanization conditions perfectly by improving the control precision of vulcanization facility and acquires the optimum parameters of vulcanization technology based on experiments which is under the instruction of vulcanization theory. A composite experiment platform, which can be used in manufacture and experiment, has been developed by using the industrial computer as control platform and data processing core, reconstructing the control system of flat plate vulcanization machine, which is produced by Zhejiang Hongtu Machine Ltd. Co. and plays a basic role in the topic, and developing the software for optimizing vulcanization technology.
According to domestic and external research status quo and development trends, the author of the thesis has analyzed the control system of flat plate vulcanization machine and reconstructed it, furthermore, an automatic control software has been developed by using Visual C++ as a tool in the circumstance of Windows 98, which is combined with the interrelated knowledge such as digital signal processing, control theory and software engineering, and so on. It is proved by experiments that the reconstructed control system has positive meaning in improving the quality of vulcanization products by assuring performing vulcanization perfectly with its characteristics of high control precision, high automatic level, friendly customer interface and steady performance.
The thesis has introduced the basic vulcanization theory briefly. A method, which acquires the optimized parameters of vulcanization technology formula combined with the orthogonal experiment under the instruction of theory and experience, has been put forward after the result is given, which indicates that the parameters of vulcanization technology given by theory and experience formula used in manufacture only has instruction meaning in principle and are far from the optimum parameters.
The thesis has designed an orthogonal experiment combined with the interrelated speciality knowledge of mathematical statistics, system engineering, and so on. The importance is put on analysis of the comprehensive evaluation of multi-criteria of orthogonal experiment and exploiting in endowing weight of multi-criteria during
designing orthogonal experiment. In order to handle the complex and boring calculations of the orthogonal experiment data processing, a series of software for acquiring optimum parameters of vulcanization technology has been developed.
The marked optimizing effect for vulcanization technology of the composite experiment platform, which is proved during the successive probations of Chonqing Benteng Techique Development Ltd. Co. and Chongqing Jiading Industry Ltd. Co., not only solves the problem of high reject rate and low benefit radically, but also improves the product quality as a whole. The aim of optimizing parameters of vulcanization technology is realized and a better economic profit is created for enterprises by using the composite experiment platform.
本文中作者对型平板硫化机的控制系统进行了分析，结合平板硫化机的国内外研究现状及发展趋势，改造了该机的控制系统，在此基础上，结合数字信号处理、控制理论、软件工程等相关知识，在Windows98系统下，以Visual C++开发出了一套用于该机自动化控制的软件。经实验证实，改造后的控制系统具有控制精度高、自动化程度高、用户界面友好、性能稳定等特点，能够保证硫化条件的精确实施，对硫化产品质量的提高具有积极意义。
本文对硫化的基础理论作了简要介绍，在理论分析的基础上指出：目前指导生产的理论和经验公式给出的硫化工艺参数只具有原则上的指导意义，而非最佳硫化工艺参数，在此基础上，提出了以理论和经验公式为指导，结合正交实验方法以求取最佳硫化工艺参数的新方法。
本文结合数理统计、系统工程等专业知识，进行了正交实验设计。在正交实验设计中，对多指标正交实验的综合评分法做了重点分析，并对多指标赋权方法做了重点探讨。在正交实验的数据处理中，涉及到了大量繁琐的计算，为此，作者以Delphi开发出了一套硫化工艺参数优化软件。
该综合实验台研制成功以后，经重庆奔腾科技发展公司、重庆佳鼎实业有限公司相继试用，证明其硫化工艺优化效果显著，不仅从根本上解决了原来次品多、效益差的问题，而且使其产品的质量从总体上得以大幅提高，实现了硫化工艺参数优化的目的，为企业创造了较好的经济效益。
The thesis aimed at the problem that it's hard to find the optimum parameters of vulcanization technology in vulcanization manufacture of rubber, and put forward the solving method which performs the vulcanization conditions perfectly by improving the control precision of vulcanization facility and acquires the optimum parameters of vulcanization technology based on experiments which is under the instruction of vulcanization theory. A composite experiment platform, which can be used in manufacture and experiment, has been developed by using the industrial computer as control platform and data processing core, reconstructing the control system of flat plate vulcanization machine, which is produced by Zhejiang Hongtu Machine Ltd. Co. and plays a basic role in the topic, and developing the software for optimizing vulcanization technology.
According to domestic and external research status quo and development trends, the author of the thesis has analyzed the control system of flat plate vulcanization machine and reconstructed it, furthermore, an automatic control software has been developed by using Visual C++ as a tool in the circumstance of Windows 98, which is combined with the interrelated knowledge such as digital signal processing, control theory and software engineering, and so on. It is proved by experiments that the reconstructed control system has positive meaning in improving the quality of vulcanization products by assuring performing vulcanization perfectly with its characteristics of high control precision, high automatic level, friendly customer interface and steady performance.
The thesis has introduced the basic vulcanization theory briefly. A method, which acquires the optimized parameters of vulcanization technology formula combined with the orthogonal experiment under the instruction of theory and experience, has been put forward after the result is given, which indicates that the parameters of vulcanization technology given by theory and experience formula used in manufacture only has instruction meaning in principle and are far from the optimum parameters.
The thesis has designed an orthogonal experiment combined with the interrelated speciality knowledge of mathematical statistics, system engineering, and so on. The importance is put on analysis of the comprehensive evaluation of multi-criteria of orthogonal experiment and exploiting in endowing weight of multi-criteria during
designing orthogonal experiment. In order to handle the complex and boring calculations of the orthogonal experiment data processing, a series of software for acquiring optimum parameters of vulcanization technology has been developed.
The marked optimizing effect for vulcanization technology of the composite experiment platform, which is proved during the successive probations of Chonqing Benteng Techique Development Ltd. Co. and Chongqing Jiading Industry Ltd. Co., not only solves the problem of high reject rate and low benefit radically, but also improves the product quality as a whole. The aim of optimizing parameters of vulcanization technology is realized and a better economic profit is created for enterprises by using the composite experiment platform.
引文
[1] 杨清芝.现代橡胶工艺学.中国石化出版社.1997
[2] J.J.Buckiey.Modern Controls for Plastics & Rubber Extrusion.IEEE Conf. Rec Annu Conf Electr Eng Probl Rubber Plast Ind.1989
[3] 杨顺根.对当前橡机工业的几点看法.橡胶技术与装备.2000.26(4)
[4] 吴秀兰，李贵君.国外橡胶机械最新进展.橡胶工业.2000.47(1)
[5] Verduim.Automatic Control System.Modern Plastics International.1990.20(10)
[6] 于洪林.平板硫化机现状和发展趋势.橡胶技术与装备.1995.21(5)
[7] 乐卫勤，陈维芳.液压硫化机的国内现状及发展前景.橡胶技术与装备.1999.25(1)
[8] 程源.国内外橡胶机械现状与展望.橡胶工业.2000.47(7)
[9] 李太福.数字式多功能精密塑胶制品成形系统的实现研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2000
[10] 纪奎江.实用橡胶制品生产技术.化学工业出版社.1987
[11] 邓本诚，纪奎江.橡胶工艺原理.化学出版社.1984
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[13] W.J.S.Naunton.Applied Science of Rubber.EDWARD ARNOLD Ltd. London.1961
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[16] 周生国，李世义，裴思行，赵朝兰.机械工程测试技术.北京理工大学出版社.1993
[17] 董景新，赵长德.控制工程基础.清华大学出版社.1992
[18] Richard C.Leinecker，Tom Archer.张艳，王文学，张廉，尹岩青.Visual C++6 宝典.电子工业出版社.1999
[19] 王华，叶爱亮，祁立学，曹凌云.Visual C++6.0 编程实例与技巧.机械工业出版社.1999
[20] 谭浩强.C程序设计.清华大学出版社.2001
[21] 严蔚敏，吴伟民.数据结构.清华大学出版社.2001
[22] Michael J. Young.吕军，林昌.Visual C++6.0从入门到精通.电子工业出版社.1999
[23] 网冠科技.Visual C++6.0时尚编程百例.机械工业出版社.2001
[24] 李真文，刘鹏，陆卫民等.Visual C++编程高手(II).北京希望电子出版社.2001
[25] 王福建，郭月强，焦祝军.Visual C++编程高手.北京希望电子出版社.2001
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[27] 陈元享，胡家骥，鲜长久.信号处理原理.四川大学出版社.1989
[28] 王正光，周忠英，候伯享，李伯成.数据采集与处理.国防工业出版社.1985
[29] A.V.奥本海姆，R.W.谢弗.董士嘉，杨耀增.数字信号处理.科学出版社.1982
[30] 俞卞章，李志钧，金明录.数字信号处理.西北工业大学出版社.2000
[31] 顾福年，胡光锐.《数字信号处理》习题解答.科学出版社.1983
[32] L.R.Rabiner,R.W.Schafer．Digital Processing if Speech Signals.Prentice-Hall.1988
[33] Alan V.Oppenheim and R.W.Sehafer．Digital Signal Processing.Prentice-Hall.1975
[34] 汤宝平.数据采集与处理.重庆大学出版社.2001
[35] 钟穗生，刘旭光.实验数据的计算机处理.海洋出版社.1994
[36] 东箭工作室.Visual FoxPro 5.0中文版使用指南.清华大学出版社.1998
[37] Menachem Bazian.王建华.Visual FoxPro 6开发使用手册.机械工业出版社.1999
[38] INPRISE Corporation.北京中软融保信息技术有限公司.Delphi 5标准教程.清华大学出版社.2000
[39] 毛岭，孟祥文，王淑芳.Delphi 5数据库开发技术.机械工业出版社.2000
[40] 孙荣恒，黄雯莹，伊享云.数理统计.重庆大学出版社.1996
[41] 石振东，刘国庆.实验数据处理与曲线拟合技术.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1991
[42] 俞忠原.实验设计与数据分析.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1991
[43] Sun Limin, Yu Yinglin. Studying Based on ANN for Overall Fuzzy Evaluation.〔J〕Huanan Ligong Daxue Xuebao/ Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science). 1997. l25(10). 131～134
[44] Magnier, Janine, L arnac, Mireille, Chapurlat, Vincent. ISM:AFormal Tool for Modeling and Verification. Periodica Polytechnica.〔J〕Electrical Engineering. 1998.42(1).135～146
[45] 盛海林，王艾.多指标正交试验的分析.数理医药学杂志.2000.13(5).395~396
[46] 汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用.高等教育出版社.1999
[47] Geoffrey Gregory. Decision Analysis. London: Pitman Publishing.1988
[48] H.J.Miser and E.S.Quade. Handbook of Systems Analysis. North Holland. 1983
[49] George Chadwick. A System View of Planning. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1978
[50] 孙靖民，王新荣，高圣英等.现代机械设计方法选讲.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1992
[51] 冯翱，牛斌，朱楠.多指标系统分析及应用.小型微型计算机系统.2000.21(5)
[2] J.J.Buckiey.Modern Controls for Plastics & Rubber Extrusion.IEEE Conf. Rec Annu Conf Electr Eng Probl Rubber Plast Ind.1989
[3] 杨顺根.对当前橡机工业的几点看法.橡胶技术与装备.2000.26(4)
[4] 吴秀兰，李贵君.国外橡胶机械最新进展.橡胶工业.2000.47(1)
[5] Verduim.Automatic Control System.Modern Plastics International.1990.20(10)
[6] 于洪林.平板硫化机现状和发展趋势.橡胶技术与装备.1995.21(5)
[7] 乐卫勤，陈维芳.液压硫化机的国内现状及发展前景.橡胶技术与装备.1999.25(1)
[8] 程源.国内外橡胶机械现状与展望.橡胶工业.2000.47(7)
[9] 李太福.数字式多功能精密塑胶制品成形系统的实现研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2000
[10] 纪奎江.实用橡胶制品生产技术.化学工业出版社.1987
[11] 邓本诚，纪奎江.橡胶工艺原理.化学出版社.1984
[12] G.Alliger, I.J.Sjothun.Vulcanization of Elastomer.Reinhold N.Y.1964
[13] W.J.S.Naunton.Applied Science of Rubber.EDWARD ARNOLD Ltd. London.1961
[14] 李燕，温鹏，胡伟轩.平板硫化机的微机控制.自动化与仪表.1994.6
[15] 戴锅生.传热学.高等教育出版社.1991
[16] 周生国，李世义，裴思行，赵朝兰.机械工程测试技术.北京理工大学出版社.1993
[17] 董景新，赵长德.控制工程基础.清华大学出版社.1992
[18] Richard C.Leinecker，Tom Archer.张艳，王文学，张廉，尹岩青.Visual C++6 宝典.电子工业出版社.1999
[19] 王华，叶爱亮，祁立学，曹凌云.Visual C++6.0 编程实例与技巧.机械工业出版社.1999
[20] 谭浩强.C程序设计.清华大学出版社.2001
[21] 严蔚敏，吴伟民.数据结构.清华大学出版社.2001
[22] Michael J. Young.吕军，林昌.Visual C++6.0从入门到精通.电子工业出版社.1999
[23] 网冠科技.Visual C++6.0时尚编程百例.机械工业出版社.2001
[24] 李真文，刘鹏，陆卫民等.Visual C++编程高手(II).北京希望电子出版社.2001
[25] 王福建，郭月强，焦祝军.Visual C++编程高手.北京希望电子出版社.2001
[26] 宗孔德，胡广书.数字信号处理.清华大学出版社.1988
[27] 陈元享，胡家骥，鲜长久.信号处理原理.四川大学出版社.1989
[28] 王正光，周忠英，候伯享，李伯成.数据采集与处理.国防工业出版社.1985
[29] A.V.奥本海姆，R.W.谢弗.董士嘉，杨耀增.数字信号处理.科学出版社.1982
[30] 俞卞章，李志钧，金明录.数字信号处理.西北工业大学出版社.2000
[31] 顾福年，胡光锐.《数字信号处理》习题解答.科学出版社.1983
[32] L.R.Rabiner,R.W.Schafer．Digital Processing if Speech Signals.Prentice-Hall.1988
[33] Alan V.Oppenheim and R.W.Sehafer．Digital Signal Processing.Prentice-Hall.1975
[34] 汤宝平.数据采集与处理.重庆大学出版社.2001
[35] 钟穗生，刘旭光.实验数据的计算机处理.海洋出版社.1994
[36] 东箭工作室.Visual FoxPro 5.0中文版使用指南.清华大学出版社.1998
[37] Menachem Bazian.王建华.Visual FoxPro 6开发使用手册.机械工业出版社.1999
[38] INPRISE Corporation.北京中软融保信息技术有限公司.Delphi 5标准教程.清华大学出版社.2000
[39] 毛岭，孟祥文，王淑芳.Delphi 5数据库开发技术.机械工业出版社.2000
[40] 孙荣恒，黄雯莹，伊享云.数理统计.重庆大学出版社.1996
[41] 石振东，刘国庆.实验数据处理与曲线拟合技术.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1991
[42] 俞忠原.实验设计与数据分析.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社.1991
[43] Sun Limin, Yu Yinglin. Studying Based on ANN for Overall Fuzzy Evaluation.〔J〕Huanan Ligong Daxue Xuebao/ Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science). 1997. l25(10). 131～134
[44] Magnier, Janine, L arnac, Mireille, Chapurlat, Vincent. ISM:AFormal Tool for Modeling and Verification. Periodica Polytechnica.〔J〕Electrical Engineering. 1998.42(1).135～146
[45] 盛海林，王艾.多指标正交试验的分析.数理医药学杂志.2000.13(5).395~396
[46] 汪应洛.系统工程理论、方法与应用.高等教育出版社.1999
[47] Geoffrey Gregory. Decision Analysis. London: Pitman Publishing.1988
[48] H.J.Miser and E.S.Quade. Handbook of Systems Analysis. North Holland. 1983
[49] George Chadwick. A System View of Planning. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1978
[50] 孙靖民，王新荣，高圣英等.现代机械设计方法选讲.哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1992
[51] 冯翱，牛斌，朱楠.多指标系统分析及应用.小型微型计算机系统.2000.21(5)