川东北海相碳酸盐岩气藏酸化压裂技术及应用研究
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摘要
川东北海相碳酸盐岩气藏所包含的通南巴构造带和达县—宣汉地区两个区块,探明含气面积分别为2919.01km~2和1116.089km~2,已探明天然气地质储量2510.70×10~8m~3;控制储量1306.34×10~8m~3,预测储量1914.70×10~8m~3,是西南分公司海相碳酸盐岩勘探开发的重要领域,是“川气东送”的主要气源区。根据“川气东送”的建设规划及下游市场的需求,加快其气田的安全高效开发迫在眉睫,据国内外几十年来对海相气藏天然气勘探开发的经验,酸化或压裂酸化是解决海相碳酸盐岩致密气藏勘探开发突破和增产改造不可缺少的技术手段,因此,川东北通南巴地区天然气的大规模勘探开发也离不开储层的酸化压裂改造。但由于川东北地区气藏地质情况复杂、天然裂缝比较发育、高含硫化氢、埋藏深、施工难度大等特点,加之目前在川东北地区进行过的酸化压裂施工还较少,没有太多的酸化压裂经验,因此,研究出适宜的酸化压裂工艺,高效开发该气藏,对增加单井产量、提高气藏采收率具有重要的现实意义。
本文在基于国内外文献调研的基础上,针对川东北海相碳酸盐岩气藏的储层地质特征、控铁控硫工艺技术、提高酸化/酸压改造效果的工艺技术研究,主要取得了以下几个方面的研究成果:
(1)通过对川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩气藏工程地质资料、录井资料、测井资料、测试资料等的研究分析,对工程地质特征有了较为全面的认识,提出了储层工程地质特征对酸化压裂工艺技术的要求。
(2)从化学热力学理论和离子平衡理论出发,对Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+)在常规条件和含硫化氢条件下的沉积行为进行了系统的分析与对比,提出了一套对含硫气井控硫控铁问题处理的新思路,紧扣含硫储层酸压作业所面临的主要技术问题,针对硫化氢特定的理化性质,论文提出了适应含硫、高含硫气井酸压作业的匹配添加剂一铁离子稳定剂、控硫剂和硫化氢吸收剂,解决了含硫化氢气藏酸化改造中铁沉积问题和硫沉积问题。
(3)研制了在酸性条件下能够交联的新型稠化剂和粘度高、耐温性强的交联剂,并对配套的粘土稳定剂、铁离子稳定剂、酸液缓蚀剂、助排剂进行了优选,形成了一套新的酸基压裂液体系配方,并对该体系的流变性、摩阻、携砂、缓蚀、滤失、破胶等技术参数和性能进行了评价;酸液体系具有较好的缓速能、抗温、抗剪切能力,和良好的降滤、降阻能力以及良好的返排性能,对川东北海相气藏具有较好的适应性,具有较好的现场应用前景。
(4)考虑酸液沿缝高方向的压降、流体重力、地应力梯度、地应力差等因素对裂缝延伸的综合影响,同时在考虑酸液纵向传质的基础上,推导了三维酸压酸液浓度分布的数值计算模型。
(5)通过对酸(压)化工艺技术的调研,结合川东北海相碳酸盐岩储层基本工程地质特征,提出了适用于川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩储层的酸(压)化工艺技术;并根据酸压施工的需要,进行了酸压施工配套工艺技术研究,形成了与酸压改造相配套的井下管柱、井下工具、井口装置、酸压施工管柱、射孔-酸压-测试联作工艺、助排措施、施工设备、施工质量控制等技术,并在现场得到了成功应用。
The marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Siehuan province include two blocks of Tongnanba structure and Daxian-Xuanhan district.The ascertain gas bearing areas are separately 2919.01km~2 and 1116.089km~2,ascertain gas geologic reserve is 2510.70×10~8m~3, controlled reserve is 1306.34×10~8m~3,and prognostic reserves 1914.70×10~8m~3.So it is significant territory of exploratory development of marine facies carbonate and the main gas source region in southwest branch company According to the scheme of transmitting the gas of Sichuan to the east and the want of downstream market,it's necessary to quicken the safe and high performance development of gas reservoir.Aeidizing or acid fracturing is imperative stimulation technology for developing marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs based on the over year experiences home and abroad.So the acid fracturing technology is also the effective method for gas development in Tongnamba district.But there are some difficulties for acid fracturing in northeast Sichuan such as complicated geologic condition,abundant natural fracture,high sulfur content,and large reservoir depth and so on.Furthermore,there is little experience of acid fracturing in this area,so it's necessary to do some researches into the acid fracturing technology suitable for the reservoir in order to improve gas production and recovery ratio.
Based on the survey and study of literatures home and abroad,and in view of the geologic characteristic,iron and sulfur control technology and improving acid fracturing effect technology,this paper attains some research outcomes as follow:
(1) Through the analysis of geologic information,log data,well logging data and testing data of marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province,this paper proposes the construction demand of acid fracturing technology in this reservoir.
(2) Based on the chemical thermodynamics and ionic equilibrium theories, systematically compare and analyze the deposition behavior of Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+) in conventional condition and hydrogen sulphide condition,and propose a new clue of controlling iron and sulfur in gas well with sulfur.In view of the technology problem of acid fracturing in the formation with sulfur and the physics and chemistry character of hydrogen sulphide,this paper proposes three addition agents which are ferrous stability,sulfur control agent and hydrogen sulphide absorbent agent for acid fracturing in gas well with sulfur,which solves the deposition problem of sulfur and iron.
(3) Develop a new gelling agent for acidic condition and cross linking agent with high viscosity and strong temperature tolerance,optimize clay inhibitor,ferrous stability,acid corrosion inhibitor and discharge aiding agent to form a new acid group fracturing fluid system,and evaluate some technology parameters and performance of the fluid system such as rheology behavior,friction resistance,proppant carrying capacity,corrosion control,fluid loss,viscosity break and so on.The evaluation results show that the fluid system has good retarded and shearing ability;Furthermore,it can decrease the fluid loss and friction resistance so that the performance of flowback is good.Because of the good performance above,the fluid system is suitable for the marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province and has good application foreground.
(4) In view of the effects of pressure drop,fluid gravity,earth stress gradient and difference and so on,and based on longitudinal mass transference,the triaxial calculation model of acid concentration distribution is established.
(5) Through the survey and study of acid fracturing technology,and combined with the geologic characteristic in this area,this paper proposes the acid fracturing technology suitable for marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province.Based on the demand of construction and allied technique research,this paper forms systematic acid fracturing technology which has attained successful application.
本文在基于国内外文献调研的基础上,针对川东北海相碳酸盐岩气藏的储层地质特征、控铁控硫工艺技术、提高酸化/酸压改造效果的工艺技术研究,主要取得了以下几个方面的研究成果:
(1)通过对川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩气藏工程地质资料、录井资料、测井资料、测试资料等的研究分析,对工程地质特征有了较为全面的认识,提出了储层工程地质特征对酸化压裂工艺技术的要求。
(2)从化学热力学理论和离子平衡理论出发,对Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+)在常规条件和含硫化氢条件下的沉积行为进行了系统的分析与对比,提出了一套对含硫气井控硫控铁问题处理的新思路,紧扣含硫储层酸压作业所面临的主要技术问题,针对硫化氢特定的理化性质,论文提出了适应含硫、高含硫气井酸压作业的匹配添加剂一铁离子稳定剂、控硫剂和硫化氢吸收剂,解决了含硫化氢气藏酸化改造中铁沉积问题和硫沉积问题。
(3)研制了在酸性条件下能够交联的新型稠化剂和粘度高、耐温性强的交联剂,并对配套的粘土稳定剂、铁离子稳定剂、酸液缓蚀剂、助排剂进行了优选,形成了一套新的酸基压裂液体系配方,并对该体系的流变性、摩阻、携砂、缓蚀、滤失、破胶等技术参数和性能进行了评价;酸液体系具有较好的缓速能、抗温、抗剪切能力,和良好的降滤、降阻能力以及良好的返排性能,对川东北海相气藏具有较好的适应性,具有较好的现场应用前景。
(4)考虑酸液沿缝高方向的压降、流体重力、地应力梯度、地应力差等因素对裂缝延伸的综合影响,同时在考虑酸液纵向传质的基础上,推导了三维酸压酸液浓度分布的数值计算模型。
(5)通过对酸(压)化工艺技术的调研,结合川东北海相碳酸盐岩储层基本工程地质特征,提出了适用于川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩储层的酸(压)化工艺技术;并根据酸压施工的需要,进行了酸压施工配套工艺技术研究,形成了与酸压改造相配套的井下管柱、井下工具、井口装置、酸压施工管柱、射孔-酸压-测试联作工艺、助排措施、施工设备、施工质量控制等技术,并在现场得到了成功应用。
The marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Siehuan province include two blocks of Tongnanba structure and Daxian-Xuanhan district.The ascertain gas bearing areas are separately 2919.01km~2 and 1116.089km~2,ascertain gas geologic reserve is 2510.70×10~8m~3, controlled reserve is 1306.34×10~8m~3,and prognostic reserves 1914.70×10~8m~3.So it is significant territory of exploratory development of marine facies carbonate and the main gas source region in southwest branch company According to the scheme of transmitting the gas of Sichuan to the east and the want of downstream market,it's necessary to quicken the safe and high performance development of gas reservoir.Aeidizing or acid fracturing is imperative stimulation technology for developing marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs based on the over year experiences home and abroad.So the acid fracturing technology is also the effective method for gas development in Tongnamba district.But there are some difficulties for acid fracturing in northeast Sichuan such as complicated geologic condition,abundant natural fracture,high sulfur content,and large reservoir depth and so on.Furthermore,there is little experience of acid fracturing in this area,so it's necessary to do some researches into the acid fracturing technology suitable for the reservoir in order to improve gas production and recovery ratio.
Based on the survey and study of literatures home and abroad,and in view of the geologic characteristic,iron and sulfur control technology and improving acid fracturing effect technology,this paper attains some research outcomes as follow:
(1) Through the analysis of geologic information,log data,well logging data and testing data of marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province,this paper proposes the construction demand of acid fracturing technology in this reservoir.
(2) Based on the chemical thermodynamics and ionic equilibrium theories, systematically compare and analyze the deposition behavior of Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+) in conventional condition and hydrogen sulphide condition,and propose a new clue of controlling iron and sulfur in gas well with sulfur.In view of the technology problem of acid fracturing in the formation with sulfur and the physics and chemistry character of hydrogen sulphide,this paper proposes three addition agents which are ferrous stability,sulfur control agent and hydrogen sulphide absorbent agent for acid fracturing in gas well with sulfur,which solves the deposition problem of sulfur and iron.
(3) Develop a new gelling agent for acidic condition and cross linking agent with high viscosity and strong temperature tolerance,optimize clay inhibitor,ferrous stability,acid corrosion inhibitor and discharge aiding agent to form a new acid group fracturing fluid system,and evaluate some technology parameters and performance of the fluid system such as rheology behavior,friction resistance,proppant carrying capacity,corrosion control,fluid loss,viscosity break and so on.The evaluation results show that the fluid system has good retarded and shearing ability;Furthermore,it can decrease the fluid loss and friction resistance so that the performance of flowback is good.Because of the good performance above,the fluid system is suitable for the marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province and has good application foreground.
(4) In view of the effects of pressure drop,fluid gravity,earth stress gradient and difference and so on,and based on longitudinal mass transference,the triaxial calculation model of acid concentration distribution is established.
(5) Through the survey and study of acid fracturing technology,and combined with the geologic characteristic in this area,this paper proposes the acid fracturing technology suitable for marine facies carbonate gas reservoirs in northeast Sichuan province.Based on the demand of construction and allied technique research,this paper forms systematic acid fracturing technology which has attained successful application.
引文
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