计量泵机电一体化控制系统的研制
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摘要
计量泵是一种既具有介质输送又具流量调节功能的机械设备，很适于作执行元件在各种需进行液体介质输送的过程控制系统中使用。但传统的计量泵调节流量的精度难以满足现代化大规模生产工艺流程控制的自动化要求，尤其在有害液体的计量，危险环境下的调节等方面，传统设备更是捉襟见肘，因此，对计量泵实现自动控制、实时监测、精确调节已势在必行。
为解决上述问题，利用单片机技术，以AT89C52芯片为核心，并考虑各种抗干扰措施，同时对计量泵的调节传动部分作了相应的机械改造，研制开发了计量泵机电一体化控制系统。
本控制系统的研制主要分为机械传动部分的设计以及电路的硬件和软件设计两部分。机械传动部分采用步进电机驱动一对减速齿轮，然后带动轴转动，通过滑键使丝杠移动来达到对计量泵的调节。
电路硬件部分采用AT89C52芯片为主控制芯片，同时和AT89C2051芯片进行串行口通讯，用以产生控制信号来控制步进电机。软件部分采用了C语言设计，它因具有方便的模块化编程技术，可容易地植入新程序，能使编程及程序调试时间显著缩短。
本控制系统具有自动和手动两套方案，以按键的形式切换。在手动状态下，可以通过键盘直接输入流量值。在自动状态下，通过对采集的4～20mA模拟信号进行A／D转换后可自动的进行流量控制。
Metric pump is a kind of machinery that has the function of transporting the medium and adjusting the flux. So it is suitable to be as an executive component that is used in the process of control system which need transport all kinds of liquid media. But it is difficult for the traditional metric pump to adjust the precision of flux to satisfy the automatization needs of controlling the flow of the modernization mass production technics, especially in the measurement of the nocuous liquid and the adjustment under dangerous environment. The traditional device has more problems, so it is very necessary that metric pump realize the auto-control, real time monitoring, and precise modulation.In order to solve the above problems, the single-chip microcomputer technique is adopted, AT89C52 chip is used as control kernel, various anti-disturb measures are considered, and the control and transmission parts of the metric pump are altered correspondently, and then the metric pump mechatronics control system is developed.The development of the control system is mainly composed of the design of mechanically-driven device and hardware and software of the circuit. The mechanically-driven device adopts step motor to drive a pair of speed-down gears, and then drive the axis to rotate with gears, which lead the screw move through sliding key to realize the regulation to the metric pump.AT89C52 is adopted as main CMOS chip in the hardware of circuit which communicate with AT89C2051 to produce controlling signal in order to control step motors, and C language is adopted in software. Because it has the advantageous modularization programme technology, the new program can be planted easily and the time of programme and the adjustment of the process can be cut down remarkably.This control system has two sets of control schemes: automatic control and manual control. Through pressing switch keys, they can be switched easily. In the manual control condition, the value of flux can be input through the keyboard straightly. While in the automatism control condition, with A/D conversion component, the system converses the 4～20mA analog current signals into digital signals to realize the flow control.
为解决上述问题，利用单片机技术，以AT89C52芯片为核心，并考虑各种抗干扰措施，同时对计量泵的调节传动部分作了相应的机械改造，研制开发了计量泵机电一体化控制系统。
本控制系统的研制主要分为机械传动部分的设计以及电路的硬件和软件设计两部分。机械传动部分采用步进电机驱动一对减速齿轮，然后带动轴转动，通过滑键使丝杠移动来达到对计量泵的调节。
电路硬件部分采用AT89C52芯片为主控制芯片，同时和AT89C2051芯片进行串行口通讯，用以产生控制信号来控制步进电机。软件部分采用了C语言设计，它因具有方便的模块化编程技术，可容易地植入新程序，能使编程及程序调试时间显著缩短。
本控制系统具有自动和手动两套方案，以按键的形式切换。在手动状态下，可以通过键盘直接输入流量值。在自动状态下，通过对采集的4～20mA模拟信号进行A／D转换后可自动的进行流量控制。
Metric pump is a kind of machinery that has the function of transporting the medium and adjusting the flux. So it is suitable to be as an executive component that is used in the process of control system which need transport all kinds of liquid media. But it is difficult for the traditional metric pump to adjust the precision of flux to satisfy the automatization needs of controlling the flow of the modernization mass production technics, especially in the measurement of the nocuous liquid and the adjustment under dangerous environment. The traditional device has more problems, so it is very necessary that metric pump realize the auto-control, real time monitoring, and precise modulation.In order to solve the above problems, the single-chip microcomputer technique is adopted, AT89C52 chip is used as control kernel, various anti-disturb measures are considered, and the control and transmission parts of the metric pump are altered correspondently, and then the metric pump mechatronics control system is developed.The development of the control system is mainly composed of the design of mechanically-driven device and hardware and software of the circuit. The mechanically-driven device adopts step motor to drive a pair of speed-down gears, and then drive the axis to rotate with gears, which lead the screw move through sliding key to realize the regulation to the metric pump.AT89C52 is adopted as main CMOS chip in the hardware of circuit which communicate with AT89C2051 to produce controlling signal in order to control step motors, and C language is adopted in software. Because it has the advantageous modularization programme technology, the new program can be planted easily and the time of programme and the adjustment of the process can be cut down remarkably.This control system has two sets of control schemes: automatic control and manual control. Through pressing switch keys, they can be switched easily. In the manual control condition, the value of flux can be input through the keyboard straightly. While in the automatism control condition, with A/D conversion component, the system converses the 4～20mA analog current signals into digital signals to realize the flow control.
引文
1 杨明建，殷锁敖，王家福．计量泵机电一体化发展趋议．安徽大学学报，1996，20(3)：60～63
2 曹勤．计量泵发展和应用．石油化工设备，2001，30(5)：44～47
3 郑炜．轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜的实验研究。工程机械，1994，125(9)：21～23
4 唐倩，李润方．柱塞式计量泵N轴计算机辅助分析．机械研究与应用，1997，(4)：9～10
5 潘政广，许诚．高精度隔膜计量泵的研究．液体机械，1994，22(1)：1～3
6 张晓东，童少为．循环水自动加药计算机控制系统．吉林化工学院学报，2005，22(4)：42～43
7 邱宣怀，郭可谦等．机械设计．第四版．高等教育出版社，1997
8 朱仁芝等．机械制图．中国科学技术大学出版社，1997
9 《形状和位置公差标注示例图册》编制组编．形状和位置公差标注示例图册．技术标准出版社，1982
10 李忠高．控制电机．华中工学院出版社，1986
11 夏德钤．反馈控制理论．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1984
12 陶永华，尹怡欣等．新型PID控制及其应用．机械工业出版社，1998
13 郭庆鼎等．直线交流伺服系统的精密控制技术．机械工业出版社，2000
14 Liu, Tieluo and Zhang, Jianxun. DSP-based Microstep Controller of Stepper Motor. WC/CA 2004-Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Conference Proceedings, 2004
15 Chi Hong. Step Motor Driver for The Llet-off Mechanism of Looms. Journal of China Textile University, English Edition, 1998,115 (1): 14～16
16 Frus, R John.. Energy Conservation Considerations for Step Motor Systems. Proceedings, Annual Symposium - Incremental Motion Control Systems and Devices, 1981 : 223～231
17 S.A Schweid, R.M. Lofthus and J.E. Mclnroy. Velocity Regulation of Steeper Motors Amidst Constant Disturbances. IEEE Conference on Control Applications-Proceedings, 1995:1041～1046
18 王鸿钰．步进电机控制技术入门．同济大学出版社出版，1990
19 W.D. Chen, Y.L. Yung and K.W. Cheng. Profile Tracking Performance of A Low Ripple Hybrid Stepping Motor Servo Drive. IEE Proceedings: Control Theory and Applications, 2003,1150 (1)
20 李忠杰，宁守信．步进电动机的应用技术．机械工业出版社，1988
21 陈秀宁．机械设计基础．浙江大学出版社，1993
22 付本国，宿晓宁，白传栋等．UG NX2.0三维造型基础教程．机械工业出版社，2004
23 洪如瑾．UGNX CAD快速入门指导．清华大学出版社，2003
24 张广礼，张鹏，洪雪．UG18基础教程．清华大学出版社，2003：531～548
25 曾向阳等．UGNX高级开发实例．电子工业出版社，2004
26 Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG运动分析培训教程．胡晓康编译．清华大学出版社，2002
27 阙沛文等．微型计算机在检测技术及仪器中的应用．上海交通大学出版社，2000
28 刘植桢，郭木河等．计算机控制．清华大学出版社，1988
29 孙增圻．计算机控制理论及应用．清华大学出版社，1989
30 俞忠原，陈一民．工业过程控制计算机系统．北京理工大学出版社，1995
31 潘新民，王燕芳．微型计算机控制技术．高等教育出版社，2001．5
32 江秀汉，周建辉等．计算机控制原理及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
33 张俊谟．单片机中级教程原理与应用．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999：30～32 79～83 187～194
34 刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．华中科技大学出版社，2000：207～225
35 ATMEL. 8-bit Microcontroller with 2Kbytes Flash AT89C51
36 王福瑞等．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
37 王福瑞．高精度光电耦合放大器及其在8098测控系统中的应用．电子技术应用，1996，(8)
38 Athani and Vithal V. Microprocessor Control of Step Motors. NASA Conference Publication, 1979: 26～33
39 Liu, Xiang. Micro-stepping Driving of Stepping Motor and Micro-Computer Controller. Shu Ju Cai Ji Yu Chu Li/Joumal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 1999,14(1) : 66～70
40 徐爱钧，彭秀华．单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用．电子工业出版社，2001
41 陈闳中．C＆C++程序设计教程．华东理工大学出版社，1998
42 肖培林．用C语言开发51系列单片机高效代码．电子技术应用，1996
43 瞿军．活塞泵计算机控制系统．哈尔滨理工大学硕士论文，2001：43～45
44 杨明建．计量泵流量调节的机电一体化设计．液体机械，1997，125(10)：26～28
45 Alberto Bartoli Gianluca Dini. Reliability of Multi-microprocessor System With Complicated Switching. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 1999, 82 (4)
46 E.J. Gonzalez and A. Hamilton. A Set of Microprocessor-based Procedures for An Industrial Engineering Course. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 1996, 13 (10)
47 Takahiro Irita Takayuki Ogura. Microprocessor Architecture Utilizing Redundant-binary Operation. Systems and Computers in Japan, 1999, 30 (13): 106～115
48 Philips Semiconductors and Electronics North America Corporation. DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-Based 8-Bit Microcontrollers. USA, 1994
49 赖麒文．8051单片机C语言彻底应用．科学出版社，2002
50 赵亮，候国锐．单片机C语言编程与实例．人民邮电出版社，2003
2 曹勤．计量泵发展和应用．石油化工设备，2001，30(5)：44～47
3 郑炜．轴向柱塞泵配流副油膜的实验研究。工程机械，1994，125(9)：21～23
4 唐倩，李润方．柱塞式计量泵N轴计算机辅助分析．机械研究与应用，1997，(4)：9～10
5 潘政广，许诚．高精度隔膜计量泵的研究．液体机械，1994，22(1)：1～3
6 张晓东，童少为．循环水自动加药计算机控制系统．吉林化工学院学报，2005，22(4)：42～43
7 邱宣怀，郭可谦等．机械设计．第四版．高等教育出版社，1997
8 朱仁芝等．机械制图．中国科学技术大学出版社，1997
9 《形状和位置公差标注示例图册》编制组编．形状和位置公差标注示例图册．技术标准出版社，1982
10 李忠高．控制电机．华中工学院出版社，1986
11 夏德钤．反馈控制理论．哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1984
12 陶永华，尹怡欣等．新型PID控制及其应用．机械工业出版社，1998
13 郭庆鼎等．直线交流伺服系统的精密控制技术．机械工业出版社，2000
14 Liu, Tieluo and Zhang, Jianxun. DSP-based Microstep Controller of Stepper Motor. WC/CA 2004-Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Conference Proceedings, 2004
15 Chi Hong. Step Motor Driver for The Llet-off Mechanism of Looms. Journal of China Textile University, English Edition, 1998,115 (1): 14～16
16 Frus, R John.. Energy Conservation Considerations for Step Motor Systems. Proceedings, Annual Symposium - Incremental Motion Control Systems and Devices, 1981 : 223～231
17 S.A Schweid, R.M. Lofthus and J.E. Mclnroy. Velocity Regulation of Steeper Motors Amidst Constant Disturbances. IEEE Conference on Control Applications-Proceedings, 1995:1041～1046
18 王鸿钰．步进电机控制技术入门．同济大学出版社出版，1990
19 W.D. Chen, Y.L. Yung and K.W. Cheng. Profile Tracking Performance of A Low Ripple Hybrid Stepping Motor Servo Drive. IEE Proceedings: Control Theory and Applications, 2003,1150 (1)
20 李忠杰，宁守信．步进电动机的应用技术．机械工业出版社，1988
21 陈秀宁．机械设计基础．浙江大学出版社，1993
22 付本国，宿晓宁，白传栋等．UG NX2.0三维造型基础教程．机械工业出版社，2004
23 洪如瑾．UGNX CAD快速入门指导．清华大学出版社，2003
24 张广礼，张鹏，洪雪．UG18基础教程．清华大学出版社，2003：531～548
25 曾向阳等．UGNX高级开发实例．电子工业出版社，2004
26 Unigraphics Solutions Inc．UG运动分析培训教程．胡晓康编译．清华大学出版社，2002
27 阙沛文等．微型计算机在检测技术及仪器中的应用．上海交通大学出版社，2000
28 刘植桢，郭木河等．计算机控制．清华大学出版社，1988
29 孙增圻．计算机控制理论及应用．清华大学出版社，1989
30 俞忠原，陈一民．工业过程控制计算机系统．北京理工大学出版社，1995
31 潘新民，王燕芳．微型计算机控制技术．高等教育出版社，2001．5
32 江秀汉，周建辉等．计算机控制原理及其应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，1999
33 张俊谟．单片机中级教程原理与应用．北京航空航天大学出版社，1999：30～32 79～83 187～194
34 刘乐善．微型计算机接口技术及应用．华中科技大学出版社，2000：207～225
35 ATMEL. 8-bit Microcontroller with 2Kbytes Flash AT89C51
36 王福瑞等．单片微机测控系统设计大全．北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
37 王福瑞．高精度光电耦合放大器及其在8098测控系统中的应用．电子技术应用，1996，(8)
38 Athani and Vithal V. Microprocessor Control of Step Motors. NASA Conference Publication, 1979: 26～33
39 Liu, Xiang. Micro-stepping Driving of Stepping Motor and Micro-Computer Controller. Shu Ju Cai Ji Yu Chu Li/Joumal of Data Acquisition & Processing, 1999,14(1) : 66～70
40 徐爱钧，彭秀华．单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用．电子工业出版社，2001
41 陈闳中．C＆C++程序设计教程．华东理工大学出版社，1998
42 肖培林．用C语言开发51系列单片机高效代码．电子技术应用，1996
43 瞿军．活塞泵计算机控制系统．哈尔滨理工大学硕士论文，2001：43～45
44 杨明建．计量泵流量调节的机电一体化设计．液体机械，1997，125(10)：26～28
45 Alberto Bartoli Gianluca Dini. Reliability of Multi-microprocessor System With Complicated Switching. Electronics and Communications in Japan, 1999, 82 (4)
46 E.J. Gonzalez and A. Hamilton. A Set of Microprocessor-based Procedures for An Industrial Engineering Course. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 1996, 13 (10)
47 Takahiro Irita Takayuki Ogura. Microprocessor Architecture Utilizing Redundant-binary Operation. Systems and Computers in Japan, 1999, 30 (13): 106～115
48 Philips Semiconductors and Electronics North America Corporation. DATA HANDBOOK 80C51-Based 8-Bit Microcontrollers. USA, 1994
49 赖麒文．8051单片机C语言彻底应用．科学出版社，2002
50 赵亮，候国锐．单片机C语言编程与实例．人民邮电出版社，2003