硬X射线调制望远镜高能电子学系统可靠性分析
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摘要
在高能天体辐射的空间观测研究中,硬X射线能区是研究天体高能过程及解决天体物理中一些基本问题的关键波段。硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)是我国正在研制的用于空间硬X射线观测的天文望远镜。HXMT在硬X射线成像技术和创新的数据分析方法的基础上,可以完成硬X射线的巡天观测以及对相应天区深度的成像观测。预期研制成功后,它将是具有世界上领先的灵敏度和空间分辨能力的硬X射线望远镜。电子学系统(HES)是望远镜的核心部分,负责望远镜的数据的采集和控制。
由于HXMT将要搭载在卫星上,作为在空间轨道上高度自动化的系统,在其工作寿命期间是无法进行维修的,一旦发生故障,造成的各方面的损失也是巨大的。并且HXMT面对的是恶劣复杂的空间环境,所以,对系统进行严格的可靠性设计是十分必要并且重要的。
本文采用了GJB/Z 299C-2006中推荐的元器件计数法和应力分析法对HES进行可靠性预计。首先分析了HES的任务剖面和失效判据,并据此绘制系统在不同失效判据条件下的可靠性框图。然后分别计算PDAU、SDAU和ASU模块的失效率,最终总得到系统的总失效率。HES系统采用的是每个模块分块备份的备份方案,文章的后面还提出了欧洲的INGTEGRAL卫星采用的整机冷备份方案,和现有方案进行对比,并绘制了系统可靠度随着时间变化的曲线。最后,采用故障模式和影响分析的方法对系统进行了可靠性分析。
For analyzing the celestial high-energy process and answering some basic questions of astrophysics, the energy segment of Hard X-ray is the key wave band in observation and study of the celestial high-energy radiation. Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is an astrophysics telescope that is being studied in China. Based on the innovation of Hard X-ray image technology and methodology of data analysis, HXMT is capable of performing a hard X-ray all-sky observation and deep surveys of corresponded sky regions. It will be the most sensitive telescope all over the world after being accomplished. As the core element of the telescope, High Energy Electronic System (HES) is responsible for the telescope's data gathering and controlling.
HXMT will be set up on the satellite, so as the supermatic system in orbit, it cannot be preserved during the period of operation. It will cause heavy losses in many ways if the system malfunctions. HXMT face the aerospace which is more complex than on the earth, so it is necessary and essential to do strict reliability design for HES.
The thesis made the reliability prediction of HES by using the parts count method and part stress analysis method which be recommend by GJB/Z 299C-2006. The thesis analyzed HES’s mission sections and failure criteria, then drawn the reliability block diagrams of HES and calculated the failure rate of PDAU, SDAU, ASU and finally HES. Then research of comparison is performed on block backup and dual system cold redundancy. The diagram of reliability vary with time is also be drawn. At the end of the thesis, the reliability analysis of HES has been done with the method of FMEA.
由于HXMT将要搭载在卫星上,作为在空间轨道上高度自动化的系统,在其工作寿命期间是无法进行维修的,一旦发生故障,造成的各方面的损失也是巨大的。并且HXMT面对的是恶劣复杂的空间环境,所以,对系统进行严格的可靠性设计是十分必要并且重要的。
本文采用了GJB/Z 299C-2006中推荐的元器件计数法和应力分析法对HES进行可靠性预计。首先分析了HES的任务剖面和失效判据,并据此绘制系统在不同失效判据条件下的可靠性框图。然后分别计算PDAU、SDAU和ASU模块的失效率,最终总得到系统的总失效率。HES系统采用的是每个模块分块备份的备份方案,文章的后面还提出了欧洲的INGTEGRAL卫星采用的整机冷备份方案,和现有方案进行对比,并绘制了系统可靠度随着时间变化的曲线。最后,采用故障模式和影响分析的方法对系统进行了可靠性分析。
For analyzing the celestial high-energy process and answering some basic questions of astrophysics, the energy segment of Hard X-ray is the key wave band in observation and study of the celestial high-energy radiation. Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) is an astrophysics telescope that is being studied in China. Based on the innovation of Hard X-ray image technology and methodology of data analysis, HXMT is capable of performing a hard X-ray all-sky observation and deep surveys of corresponded sky regions. It will be the most sensitive telescope all over the world after being accomplished. As the core element of the telescope, High Energy Electronic System (HES) is responsible for the telescope's data gathering and controlling.
HXMT will be set up on the satellite, so as the supermatic system in orbit, it cannot be preserved during the period of operation. It will cause heavy losses in many ways if the system malfunctions. HXMT face the aerospace which is more complex than on the earth, so it is necessary and essential to do strict reliability design for HES.
The thesis made the reliability prediction of HES by using the parts count method and part stress analysis method which be recommend by GJB/Z 299C-2006. The thesis analyzed HES’s mission sections and failure criteria, then drawn the reliability block diagrams of HES and calculated the failure rate of PDAU, SDAU, ASU and finally HES. Then research of comparison is performed on block backup and dual system cold redundancy. The diagram of reliability vary with time is also be drawn. At the end of the thesis, the reliability analysis of HES has been done with the method of FMEA.
引文
[1]季建峰.硬X射线望远镜电子学系统设计与地面成像[博士学位论文].北京:清华大学,2005
[2]李海泉,李刚.系统可靠性分析与设计.北京:科学出版社,2003
[3]姚立真.可靠性物理.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]王希季,李大耀.卫星设计学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997
[5]刘聪展.高能X射线望远镜电子学系统研制若干问题的研究[博士后研究报告] .北京:清华大学,2008
[6]曾天翔.可靠性及维修性工程手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1994
[7]中国人民解放军总装备部. GJB/Z 299C-2006.电子设备可靠性预计手册.北京:总装备部军标出版发行部,2006-10-20
[8]中国空间技术研究院总体部. Q/WY 113-2009.航天器故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)工作指南.北京:中国空间技术研究院总体部,2009-06-15
[9]黄书伟,卢申林,钱毓清.印制电路板的可靠性设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[10]李伯成.嵌入式系统可靠性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[11]王蕴辉,于宗光,孙再吉.电子元器件可靠性设计.北京:科学出版社,2007
[12]胡昌寿.航天可靠性设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13]《可靠性设计大全》编撰委员会.可靠性设计大全.北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[14]刘品,刘岚岚.可靠性工程基础.北京:中国计量出版社,2009
[15]伏洪勇,林宝军,陈福恩.星载数据处理单元的可靠性研究.军民两用技术与产品,2008,2
[16]张晓迎,张晓丽.可靠性预计中计数法和应力分析法的比较.压电与声光,2005,27(3):215-217
[17]王绍印.故障模式和影响分析(FMEA).广州:中山大学出版社,2003
[18]周正伐.航天可靠性工程.北京:中国宇航出版社,2007
[19]宋笔锋.飞行器可靠性工程.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006
[20] Goel, A.; Graves, R.J.”Using Failure Mode Effect Analysis to Increase Electronic Systems Reliability”Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 16-19 Jan 1995 Page(s): 90-95
[21] Department of Defense. MIL-HDBK-217F. Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment. Washington DC: Department of Defense, 2 December 1999
[2]李海泉,李刚.系统可靠性分析与设计.北京:科学出版社,2003
[3]姚立真.可靠性物理.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4]王希季,李大耀.卫星设计学.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997
[5]刘聪展.高能X射线望远镜电子学系统研制若干问题的研究[博士后研究报告] .北京:清华大学,2008
[6]曾天翔.可靠性及维修性工程手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1994
[7]中国人民解放军总装备部. GJB/Z 299C-2006.电子设备可靠性预计手册.北京:总装备部军标出版发行部,2006-10-20
[8]中国空间技术研究院总体部. Q/WY 113-2009.航天器故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)工作指南.北京:中国空间技术研究院总体部,2009-06-15
[9]黄书伟,卢申林,钱毓清.印制电路板的可靠性设计.北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[10]李伯成.嵌入式系统可靠性设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[11]王蕴辉,于宗光,孙再吉.电子元器件可靠性设计.北京:科学出版社,2007
[12]胡昌寿.航天可靠性设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[13]《可靠性设计大全》编撰委员会.可靠性设计大全.北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[14]刘品,刘岚岚.可靠性工程基础.北京:中国计量出版社,2009
[15]伏洪勇,林宝军,陈福恩.星载数据处理单元的可靠性研究.军民两用技术与产品,2008,2
[16]张晓迎,张晓丽.可靠性预计中计数法和应力分析法的比较.压电与声光,2005,27(3):215-217
[17]王绍印.故障模式和影响分析(FMEA).广州:中山大学出版社,2003
[18]周正伐.航天可靠性工程.北京:中国宇航出版社,2007
[19]宋笔锋.飞行器可靠性工程.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006
[20] Goel, A.; Graves, R.J.”Using Failure Mode Effect Analysis to Increase Electronic Systems Reliability”Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 16-19 Jan 1995 Page(s): 90-95
[21] Department of Defense. MIL-HDBK-217F. Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment. Washington DC: Department of Defense, 2 December 1999