双壳油船碰撞结构损伤数值研究及液货泄漏量分析
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摘要
船舶碰撞是指船舶在可航水域发生接触而造成损害的事故,它所造成的后果往往是灾难性的。现阶段许多国家的研究员都在试图寻找研究避免船舶发生碰撞事故的方法。近年来,致使船舶碰撞事故不断发生的主要原因为人为因素的不可避免性。从船舶结构的角度而言,基于船舶碰撞安全性的考虑,船舶结构存在着许多改进和革新的余地,然而改变船舶结构需要通过大量的模拟实验及实船验证,不仅所需时间长且需要耗费大量的人力物力财力。因此,为避免船舶碰撞,本文考虑从控制船舶航速来探寻避免或降低船舶碰撞事故后果的方法。
在确定参与碰撞的船舶类型后,首先应用数值仿真方法对撞击参数(碰撞角度、位置、初速度等)的影响进行了比较研究,并对构件的损伤模式和吸能特性进行了细致的分析,并获得了舷侧结构碰撞力、结构吸能、损伤变形随位移变化的曲线,从而给出具有指导意义的一般性结论：球鼻突出型船艏对被撞击船所造成的危害甚为严重；相撞船舶吨位、撞击初速速度、初始动能越大则对被撞击船的损害越大；垂直对中碰撞对被撞击船造成的损害是其它碰撞角度无法比拟的；除上述之外,撞击位置微小的改变将导致被撞击船整个舷侧结构破裂失效的时机发生明显的改变。
基于撞击参数对船舶碰撞性能的影响,本文从定量化的角度考虑,对不同吨位双壳油船和散杂货船之间的碰撞进行了大量的数值实验,经研究表明：撞击角及相撞船舶吨位越大,导致被撞击船内外壳破裂所需的撞击船临界速度越小,通过对仿真结果的分析研究最终提出了撞击船致被撞击双壳油船内外壳破裂的撞击船临界速度计算公式。
一旦对船舶航速控制失效,导致被撞击双壳油船内壳破裂造成液货泄漏时,本文采用Fluent中的VOF模型以及压力速度耦合的PISO算法来模拟三维条件下的具有自由液面、互不相溶、油-水-气三相不可压缩的非定常流动。
为更好地对双壳油船液货泄漏过程进行描述,本文首先通过物理实验,根据油面、水面及距离裂口高度等因素对液货泄漏过程进行观察研究,随后针对物理实验设计三组数值实验,并将二者所得过程及结果进行比对,通过对比可知,数值计算所得液货泄漏过程、泄漏时间及进入货油舱中水的高度与实验结果基本吻合,这说明采用Fluent软件进行双壳油船在平静海面上的泄漏过程的数值计算是可行、可信的,能够用其做进一步的研究。随后采用Fluent对双壳油船在平静海面上的泄漏过程进行数值研究,并进行细致的描述,在对结果观察中得知,当油面高于水面时,双壳油船的泄漏量可由内壳裂口高度及货油舱的几何尺寸所决定,即泄漏量=舱长×舱宽×内壳裂口上边缘至舱底垂直距离×液货密度。基于上述分析,本文对物理参数(油品密度、裂口高度、液位差等)对液货泄漏影响的数值实验进行了分析研究,经研究表明,除裂口形状及其面积的变化主要影响泄漏时间外,其它物理参数的改变对泄漏时间及泄漏量的影响均较大。
Ship-ship collision is refered to the damaging accidents caused by ships contacting each other at navigable waters adjacent thereto, and its consequences are often disastrous. At present, researchers in many countries are trying to find methods which can avoid ship-ship collision accidents occurred. In recent years, the main reason of causing ship-ship collision happening continuously is the inevitability of human factors. From the point of the ship's structure, based on the safety consideration of ship-ship collision, there are much leeway of improvement and innovation in ship structures, but changing the ship structures needs a lot of simulation experiments and prototype verifications, which not only requires a long time but also costs a lot of manpower, material resources and money. Therefore, in order to avoid ship-ship collision, this paper considers exploring methods of avoiding or reducing consequences in ship-ship collision by controlling the ship speed.
Therefore, this paper demonstrates a comparative study on the influences of collision parameters (collision angle, position, initial velocity, etc) by applying numerical simulation methods, and the damage model and energy absorption characteristics of components are analyzed in detail, what's more, curves with displacement change of side structure collision force, structure energy absorption and damage deformation, which give the general conclusion having a guiding significance: the damage on the struck ship caused by bulb outstanding ship stem is very serious; the bigger of the collided ships'tonnage, initial velocity and kinetic energy of collision, the neavier of the damage of the struck ship; Angles of collision cannot compete with vertical collision in damaging to the stuck ship; In addition to the above, tiny change of collision position will lead to the obvious change of broken failure time of the struck ships'whole side structure.
After the ship's type of collisions are determined, based on the effect of collision parameters to ship-ship collision, this paper talks about lots of numerical experiments between double shell oil tanker and bulk cargo ship with different tonnage from angle of quantitative consideration, the research shows that:the greater of the collision angle and the collided ship's tonnage, the smaller of the needed struck ship's critical velocity which leads to broken of inner shell and outer shell, moreover, the critical velocity calculation formula of the striking ship which makes the inner shell and outer shell of struck double shell oil tanker broken is put forward through the analysis of the test results research finally.
Once the ship's speed lose control, the inner shell of double shell oil tanker will rupture, which can cause liquid leakage. The VOF model from Fluent and PISO algorithm of pressure speed coupled are adopted in this paper to simulate the unsteady flow dynamic with free surface, no miscibility, oil-water-gas three-phase incompressible in the conditions of three dimensional.
For the better description of liquid leakage process in the double hull oil tanker, firstly, based on the factors of the oil surface, water surface and height to the split, etc, through the physical experiment, the liquid leakage process is observed and studies in this paper, then putting the physical design of experiment into three groups of numerical experiments, and contrasting the processes and results in two experiments, by the contrast, the liquid leakage process, leakage time, height of water which goes into the cargo oil tank and the experimental results are consistent with the results obtained in numerical calculation, it shows that the numerical calculation of leakage process in double shell oil tanker at clam sea by Fluent is feasible and credible, which could be used in further research. After that, by applying the numerical calculation of leakage process in double shell oil tanker at clam sea by Fluent, and doing detail description, the amount of leakage in double shell oil tanker can be decided by split height of inner and outer shell and the geometry size of cargo oil tank, that is the amount of leakage=length of tank carbinxwidth of tankxvertical distance from inner split bottom of tankxdensity of liquid, which can be found in the contrast of results. Based on the analysis above, the numerical experiment of liquid leakage influenced by the physical parameters (oil density, split height, level difference) are conducted and researched in this paper, the research shows that the changes of other physical parameter have influence on both leakage time and the amount of leakage, besides of the split shape and area change which influence the time of leakage mainly.
在确定参与碰撞的船舶类型后,首先应用数值仿真方法对撞击参数(碰撞角度、位置、初速度等)的影响进行了比较研究,并对构件的损伤模式和吸能特性进行了细致的分析,并获得了舷侧结构碰撞力、结构吸能、损伤变形随位移变化的曲线,从而给出具有指导意义的一般性结论：球鼻突出型船艏对被撞击船所造成的危害甚为严重；相撞船舶吨位、撞击初速速度、初始动能越大则对被撞击船的损害越大；垂直对中碰撞对被撞击船造成的损害是其它碰撞角度无法比拟的；除上述之外,撞击位置微小的改变将导致被撞击船整个舷侧结构破裂失效的时机发生明显的改变。
基于撞击参数对船舶碰撞性能的影响,本文从定量化的角度考虑,对不同吨位双壳油船和散杂货船之间的碰撞进行了大量的数值实验,经研究表明：撞击角及相撞船舶吨位越大,导致被撞击船内外壳破裂所需的撞击船临界速度越小,通过对仿真结果的分析研究最终提出了撞击船致被撞击双壳油船内外壳破裂的撞击船临界速度计算公式。
一旦对船舶航速控制失效,导致被撞击双壳油船内壳破裂造成液货泄漏时,本文采用Fluent中的VOF模型以及压力速度耦合的PISO算法来模拟三维条件下的具有自由液面、互不相溶、油-水-气三相不可压缩的非定常流动。
为更好地对双壳油船液货泄漏过程进行描述,本文首先通过物理实验,根据油面、水面及距离裂口高度等因素对液货泄漏过程进行观察研究,随后针对物理实验设计三组数值实验,并将二者所得过程及结果进行比对,通过对比可知,数值计算所得液货泄漏过程、泄漏时间及进入货油舱中水的高度与实验结果基本吻合,这说明采用Fluent软件进行双壳油船在平静海面上的泄漏过程的数值计算是可行、可信的,能够用其做进一步的研究。随后采用Fluent对双壳油船在平静海面上的泄漏过程进行数值研究,并进行细致的描述,在对结果观察中得知,当油面高于水面时,双壳油船的泄漏量可由内壳裂口高度及货油舱的几何尺寸所决定,即泄漏量=舱长×舱宽×内壳裂口上边缘至舱底垂直距离×液货密度。基于上述分析,本文对物理参数(油品密度、裂口高度、液位差等)对液货泄漏影响的数值实验进行了分析研究,经研究表明,除裂口形状及其面积的变化主要影响泄漏时间外,其它物理参数的改变对泄漏时间及泄漏量的影响均较大。
Ship-ship collision is refered to the damaging accidents caused by ships contacting each other at navigable waters adjacent thereto, and its consequences are often disastrous. At present, researchers in many countries are trying to find methods which can avoid ship-ship collision accidents occurred. In recent years, the main reason of causing ship-ship collision happening continuously is the inevitability of human factors. From the point of the ship's structure, based on the safety consideration of ship-ship collision, there are much leeway of improvement and innovation in ship structures, but changing the ship structures needs a lot of simulation experiments and prototype verifications, which not only requires a long time but also costs a lot of manpower, material resources and money. Therefore, in order to avoid ship-ship collision, this paper considers exploring methods of avoiding or reducing consequences in ship-ship collision by controlling the ship speed.
Therefore, this paper demonstrates a comparative study on the influences of collision parameters (collision angle, position, initial velocity, etc) by applying numerical simulation methods, and the damage model and energy absorption characteristics of components are analyzed in detail, what's more, curves with displacement change of side structure collision force, structure energy absorption and damage deformation, which give the general conclusion having a guiding significance: the damage on the struck ship caused by bulb outstanding ship stem is very serious; the bigger of the collided ships'tonnage, initial velocity and kinetic energy of collision, the neavier of the damage of the struck ship; Angles of collision cannot compete with vertical collision in damaging to the stuck ship; In addition to the above, tiny change of collision position will lead to the obvious change of broken failure time of the struck ships'whole side structure.
After the ship's type of collisions are determined, based on the effect of collision parameters to ship-ship collision, this paper talks about lots of numerical experiments between double shell oil tanker and bulk cargo ship with different tonnage from angle of quantitative consideration, the research shows that:the greater of the collision angle and the collided ship's tonnage, the smaller of the needed struck ship's critical velocity which leads to broken of inner shell and outer shell, moreover, the critical velocity calculation formula of the striking ship which makes the inner shell and outer shell of struck double shell oil tanker broken is put forward through the analysis of the test results research finally.
Once the ship's speed lose control, the inner shell of double shell oil tanker will rupture, which can cause liquid leakage. The VOF model from Fluent and PISO algorithm of pressure speed coupled are adopted in this paper to simulate the unsteady flow dynamic with free surface, no miscibility, oil-water-gas three-phase incompressible in the conditions of three dimensional.
For the better description of liquid leakage process in the double hull oil tanker, firstly, based on the factors of the oil surface, water surface and height to the split, etc, through the physical experiment, the liquid leakage process is observed and studies in this paper, then putting the physical design of experiment into three groups of numerical experiments, and contrasting the processes and results in two experiments, by the contrast, the liquid leakage process, leakage time, height of water which goes into the cargo oil tank and the experimental results are consistent with the results obtained in numerical calculation, it shows that the numerical calculation of leakage process in double shell oil tanker at clam sea by Fluent is feasible and credible, which could be used in further research. After that, by applying the numerical calculation of leakage process in double shell oil tanker at clam sea by Fluent, and doing detail description, the amount of leakage in double shell oil tanker can be decided by split height of inner and outer shell and the geometry size of cargo oil tank, that is the amount of leakage=length of tank carbinxwidth of tankxvertical distance from inner split bottom of tankxdensity of liquid, which can be found in the contrast of results. Based on the analysis above, the numerical experiment of liquid leakage influenced by the physical parameters (oil density, split height, level difference) are conducted and researched in this paper, the research shows that the changes of other physical parameter have influence on both leakage time and the amount of leakage, besides of the split shape and area change which influence the time of leakage mainly.
引文
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