不同年龄长白落叶松人工林碳储量分布特征
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摘要
工业化与城市化的快速发展导致森林植被破坏日益加剧,森林碳循环的平衡状态有所改变,大气中CO2浓度升高已成为公认的事实,由此产生的温室效应成为目前人类面临的最严峻的全球环境问题之一。森林作为陆地生态系统最大的碳库,其生物量与碳储量分布的动态变化是全球碳循环的重要组成部分。本研究以黑龙江东折棱河林场长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工林为研究对象,基于22块标准地中的67株标准木树干解析数据及生物量数据,建立长白落叶松单木生物量模型与林分生物量预测模型；利用样方、样圆及样线法,测定长白落叶松林下灌草、木质物残体层生物量；通过测定落叶松不同层次不同组分含碳率,综合分析长白落叶松立地植被(包括乔木、灌木与草本植物)和木质残体的碳储量分布特征。不但可以扩充区域森林生态系统碳循环研究的基础资料,而且对于森林生态系统可持续发展的经营和管理具有一定的现实意义。
主要结论如下：
(1)长白落叶松乔木层平均单株木、林分生物量分别为142.374Kg、142.910t·hm-2,乔木各部分生物量均随林龄增大而升高。不同龄级乔木植被主要器官生物量与林分因子之间均存在一定的相关性。
(2)不同林龄(7、19、24、33、46年生)长白落叶松人工林林下植被层生物量范围为1.757 t·hm-2～10.56 t·hm-2,除7年生外,其他林龄落叶松林下灌木层生物量均高于草本层生物量。森林林下植被生物量主要储存在地下部分。
(3)7-46年生长白落叶松人工林,CWD的储量范围为0 t·hm-2～13.960 t·hm-2。CWD种类主要为枯立木与倒木。细木质物的储量范围为2.926 t·hm-2-18.562 t·hm-2。木质物残体生物量随林龄增加而增加。
(4)所测的长白落叶松人工林植被不同层次含碳率中,无论哪一林龄,其含碳率大小均表现为乔木>粗木质物>灌木>细木质物>草本,但各层含碳率在林龄间变化不大。7-46年生落叶松林植被碳密度范围为4.636～176.748 t·hm-2。相同林龄碳密度除7年生外,其余均表现为乔木>木质物>灌木>草本；不同层次碳密度均为46>33>24>19>7年生。
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, forest vegetation deterioration is becomming more and more intensively, which has a strong effect on equilibrium state of forest carbon cycle, And now, the rise of CO2 content in the atmosphere has become an acknowledged fact. Consequently, greenhouse effect is one of the most crucial global environmental issues presently. As the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, the allocation dynamics of biomass and carbon stock of forest ecosystem are important components of global carbon cycle. Based on the data of stem analysis and biomass from 67 sample trees in 22 sample plots for the Larix olgensis plantation with different stand ages in Dongzhelenghe forestry centre of Heilingjiang province, the paper developed the biomass predicting models of single larix olgengsis tree and stand biomass prediction models. The biomass of shrub, herbage and woody bebris was measured by the methods of quadrat, centre and transect sampling. By the carbon content determined for different layers and different components, this paper synthetically studied the distribution characteristics of carbon stock of standing vegetation(including arbor, brush and herbage) and woody debris of larix olgensis plantation for different stand ages. The study not only can accumulate initial information of forest carbon cycel at the regional scale, but also Can contribute to sustainable development of running and managing forest ecosystem.
The main results as follows:
(1)The biomass of mean individual and total biomass of arbor layer was respectively 142.374Kg and 142.910 t·hm-2 for larix olgensis plantation. respectively. Every organ biomass of tree went up with the rise of stand age. There were correlations among main oragn biomass of vegetation in arbor layer and stand factors.
(2)Undergrowth biomass under larix olgensis plantation ranged from 1.757 t·hm-2 to 10.56 t·hm-2 for different stand ages (including 7,19,24,33 and 46). With the exception of the undergrowth biomass for 7 year, it was in the order brush biomass>herb biomass. And the biomass of undergrowth underground was higher than that of aboveground.
(3)Stock of CWD and FWD of the Larix olgensis plantation ranged from 0 t·hm-2 to 13.960 t·hm-2 and from 2.926 t·hm-2 to 18.562 t·hm-2 respectively. respectively. CWD was mainly comprised of snags and logs. The biomass of woody debris increased with the stand ages rising.
(4) Average carbon content rate of larix olgensis plantation at the same stand age was in the order arbor layer>CWD>shrub>FWD>Herb, and average carbon content rate of the same layer fluctuated indistinctively with stand ages. The carbon storage density of larix vegetation for different stand ages ranged from 4.636 t·hm-2 to 176.748 t·hm-2. Vegetation carbon storage density of the same stand age was in the order arbor layer>woody debris>shrub layer>herb layer, with the exception of the vegetation of density in 7 year. In addition, vegetation carbon storage density of the same layer increased dramaticly with the stand age increasing.
主要结论如下：
(1)长白落叶松乔木层平均单株木、林分生物量分别为142.374Kg、142.910t·hm-2,乔木各部分生物量均随林龄增大而升高。不同龄级乔木植被主要器官生物量与林分因子之间均存在一定的相关性。
(2)不同林龄(7、19、24、33、46年生)长白落叶松人工林林下植被层生物量范围为1.757 t·hm-2～10.56 t·hm-2,除7年生外,其他林龄落叶松林下灌木层生物量均高于草本层生物量。森林林下植被生物量主要储存在地下部分。
(3)7-46年生长白落叶松人工林,CWD的储量范围为0 t·hm-2～13.960 t·hm-2。CWD种类主要为枯立木与倒木。细木质物的储量范围为2.926 t·hm-2-18.562 t·hm-2。木质物残体生物量随林龄增加而增加。
(4)所测的长白落叶松人工林植被不同层次含碳率中,无论哪一林龄,其含碳率大小均表现为乔木>粗木质物>灌木>细木质物>草本,但各层含碳率在林龄间变化不大。7-46年生落叶松林植被碳密度范围为4.636～176.748 t·hm-2。相同林龄碳密度除7年生外,其余均表现为乔木>木质物>灌木>草本；不同层次碳密度均为46>33>24>19>7年生。
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, forest vegetation deterioration is becomming more and more intensively, which has a strong effect on equilibrium state of forest carbon cycle, And now, the rise of CO2 content in the atmosphere has become an acknowledged fact. Consequently, greenhouse effect is one of the most crucial global environmental issues presently. As the largest carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, the allocation dynamics of biomass and carbon stock of forest ecosystem are important components of global carbon cycle. Based on the data of stem analysis and biomass from 67 sample trees in 22 sample plots for the Larix olgensis plantation with different stand ages in Dongzhelenghe forestry centre of Heilingjiang province, the paper developed the biomass predicting models of single larix olgengsis tree and stand biomass prediction models. The biomass of shrub, herbage and woody bebris was measured by the methods of quadrat, centre and transect sampling. By the carbon content determined for different layers and different components, this paper synthetically studied the distribution characteristics of carbon stock of standing vegetation(including arbor, brush and herbage) and woody debris of larix olgensis plantation for different stand ages. The study not only can accumulate initial information of forest carbon cycel at the regional scale, but also Can contribute to sustainable development of running and managing forest ecosystem.
The main results as follows:
(1)The biomass of mean individual and total biomass of arbor layer was respectively 142.374Kg and 142.910 t·hm-2 for larix olgensis plantation. respectively. Every organ biomass of tree went up with the rise of stand age. There were correlations among main oragn biomass of vegetation in arbor layer and stand factors.
(2)Undergrowth biomass under larix olgensis plantation ranged from 1.757 t·hm-2 to 10.56 t·hm-2 for different stand ages (including 7,19,24,33 and 46). With the exception of the undergrowth biomass for 7 year, it was in the order brush biomass>herb biomass. And the biomass of undergrowth underground was higher than that of aboveground.
(3)Stock of CWD and FWD of the Larix olgensis plantation ranged from 0 t·hm-2 to 13.960 t·hm-2 and from 2.926 t·hm-2 to 18.562 t·hm-2 respectively. respectively. CWD was mainly comprised of snags and logs. The biomass of woody debris increased with the stand ages rising.
(4) Average carbon content rate of larix olgensis plantation at the same stand age was in the order arbor layer>CWD>shrub>FWD>Herb, and average carbon content rate of the same layer fluctuated indistinctively with stand ages. The carbon storage density of larix vegetation for different stand ages ranged from 4.636 t·hm-2 to 176.748 t·hm-2. Vegetation carbon storage density of the same stand age was in the order arbor layer>woody debris>shrub layer>herb layer, with the exception of the vegetation of density in 7 year. In addition, vegetation carbon storage density of the same layer increased dramaticly with the stand age increasing.
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