涟钢烧结除尘灰资源化利用关键技术研究
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摘要
烧结除尘灰作为一种非常有价值的二次资源,它的利用不仅符合钢铁企业节能减排的政策要求,同时可以为钢铁企业带来非常大的经济效益。
本研究对涟钢130m2烧结机1、2、3号电场除尘灰分别进行了选矿试验研究。对三种除尘灰进行粒度分析的结果可知,三种除尘灰都属于细粒级除尘灰,平均粒径从1号到3号依次降低,平均粒径分别为:0.106mm、0.102mm、0.064mm;化学分析结果表明,三种除尘灰S、P含量比较低,便于选矿获取高质量的铁精矿。三种除尘灰的有用成分TFe含量分别为:53.11%、49.32%、23.22%,Pb含量分别为:0.40%、1.39%、20.64%,说明
1号与2号除尘灰将以回收铁为主,而3号除了需要回收铁之外,铅也是必须回收的成分。3种除尘灰XRD分析可知,灰中含铁矿物主要是磁铁矿、赤铁矿等。3号除尘灰铁分低,而弱磁性铁矿物含量相对较高,需要先焙烧再磁选。
通过磨矿—湿式磁选试验可知,将1号除尘灰磨矿后分别进行弱磁与强磁,最终获得的磁选总精矿铁品位为62.01%,铁回收率达92.57%; 2号除尘灰磨矿后磁选,最终获得的综合精矿铁品位为57.47%,回收率达92.38%。
3号除尘灰焙烧—磁选试验研究表明:以褐煤为还原剂,用量为7%,最佳的焙烧温度为850℃,焙烧时间为60min,将焙砂磨至-0.038mm占73.25%,弱磁场强控制在150KA/m,获得的精矿铁品位为:53.88%,回收率为84.25%,精矿铅品位为:1.75%,磁选尾矿铅品位为:29.72%。
对磁选尾矿进行浮选提铅试验研究的最佳铅精矿品位为34.14%,回收率为76.27%,此时浮选尾矿中的铅品位仍然还有19.09%,这说明浮选对于磁选尾矿中的铅分离并不是非常有效。通过对尾矿的XRD分析可知,尾矿中的Pb存在形式复杂,其中以PbO_2为主,因此应进行酸浸提铅。试验研究的结果表明:以稀盐酸和高浓度的NaCl为酸浸介质,快速升温至80℃,搅拌速度维持在500r/min,保持加热过程中液固比为12:1,酸浸时间60min,铅的平均浸取率达96%。
磁选尾矿中含有约14%的Fe,将在酸浸液中循环累积。试验中研究了酸浸液中Fe~(3+)浓度对铅的浸出的影响,试验表明,酸浸液中的Fe~(3+)对铅的浸取会有一定的影响,应在循环过三次之后,通过加碱使溶液中的Fe~(3+)沉淀滤出,然后再将上清液返回到酸浸系统中参与配制酸浸液。
As a kind of important second resource, utilization of the sintering dust not only meet the political requirement of energy saving and discharge decreasing, but also bring the iron and steel makers a big economic benefit.
In the paper, we have done benefication research on No.1、2、3 electrode dust made by 130m2 sintering machine. Through size analysis of these 3 dusts, we know that all these 3 dusts were fine particle dusts whose average size from 1 to 3 is 0.106mm, 0.102mm, 0.064mm respectively; and the chemical analysis shows that, the S, P content in this 3 dusts is relatively low which is easy to obtain high-quality Fe concentrate after benefication. As to the valuable elements like Fe, the content in this 3 dusts is 53.11%、49.32%、23.22%, the Pb content in these 3 dusts is 0.40%、1.39%、20.64%, all the information above suggests that recover Fe is the main target for No.1 and 2 dust, however as for No.3 dust, we need not only recover the Fe but also think of recover the Pb. XRD result of this 3 dusts tells us that, the Fe-bearing ores existed in this 3 dusts are mainly magnetite, hematite and so on. Besides No.3 dust has a lower content of Fe and non-magnetic ore takes up the most, so we have to use the roast and magnetic separation.
The result of wet magnetic separation tells us that after low intensity magnetic separation and high intensity magnetic separation, we can get concentrate with 62.01% of TFe, and the recovery of Fe reach up to 92.57%; as to No.2 dust, under the optimum condition of benefication, concentrate with 57.47% of Fe grade as well as 92.38% of recovery will be obtained.
The result of roasting-magnetic separation shows that the best conditions are: make the lignite be the reducer, 7% of the dosage, roasting temperature 850℃, roasting time 60min , grind granularity -0.038mm make up 73.25% of the total, maintain the magnetic field intensity at 150KA/m, we will obtain the fine with 51.12% of TFe, and recovers Fe as much as 84.25% of the total, besides the content of Pb in the fine is 1.75%, but 29.72% in the gangue, all the information above shows that the gangue of magnetic separation can be the material of recovering Pb.
The flotation separation for recovering Pb to the magnetic separation gangue showed that under the optimum conditions we can get Pb concentrate with 34.14% for the grade and 76.27% for the recovery, yet Pb grade in the flotation gangue is still as much as 19.09%, that shows flotation actually is not the effective solution to separating Pb. Through the XRD analysis we learn that Pb has different existing forms in the gangue and PbO_2 as the most one, so we did acid leaching to recover Pb. The result showed that: dilute hydrochloric acid and NaCl of high concentration acted as the acid leaching media, raise the temperature as soon as possible to 80℃, keep the stirring rate at 500r/min, the liquid-solid ratio stay at 12:1, reacted about 60min, finally we got 96% of leaching rate .
the magnetic separation gangue has around 14% of the Fe, which will accelerate in the leaching solution after recycling. In the paper we did research on influence caused by Fe ion in the liquor, the result tell that, Fe ion really has a certain impact on Pb leaching so after recycled for 3 times we need to add alkali to precipitate Fe and then filtrate the sedimentation, after which the supernatant can go back to the acid leaching system to make up new leaching solution.
本研究对涟钢130m2烧结机1、2、3号电场除尘灰分别进行了选矿试验研究。对三种除尘灰进行粒度分析的结果可知,三种除尘灰都属于细粒级除尘灰,平均粒径从1号到3号依次降低,平均粒径分别为:0.106mm、0.102mm、0.064mm;化学分析结果表明,三种除尘灰S、P含量比较低,便于选矿获取高质量的铁精矿。三种除尘灰的有用成分TFe含量分别为:53.11%、49.32%、23.22%,Pb含量分别为:0.40%、1.39%、20.64%,说明
1号与2号除尘灰将以回收铁为主,而3号除了需要回收铁之外,铅也是必须回收的成分。3种除尘灰XRD分析可知,灰中含铁矿物主要是磁铁矿、赤铁矿等。3号除尘灰铁分低,而弱磁性铁矿物含量相对较高,需要先焙烧再磁选。
通过磨矿—湿式磁选试验可知,将1号除尘灰磨矿后分别进行弱磁与强磁,最终获得的磁选总精矿铁品位为62.01%,铁回收率达92.57%; 2号除尘灰磨矿后磁选,最终获得的综合精矿铁品位为57.47%,回收率达92.38%。
3号除尘灰焙烧—磁选试验研究表明:以褐煤为还原剂,用量为7%,最佳的焙烧温度为850℃,焙烧时间为60min,将焙砂磨至-0.038mm占73.25%,弱磁场强控制在150KA/m,获得的精矿铁品位为:53.88%,回收率为84.25%,精矿铅品位为:1.75%,磁选尾矿铅品位为:29.72%。
对磁选尾矿进行浮选提铅试验研究的最佳铅精矿品位为34.14%,回收率为76.27%,此时浮选尾矿中的铅品位仍然还有19.09%,这说明浮选对于磁选尾矿中的铅分离并不是非常有效。通过对尾矿的XRD分析可知,尾矿中的Pb存在形式复杂,其中以PbO_2为主,因此应进行酸浸提铅。试验研究的结果表明:以稀盐酸和高浓度的NaCl为酸浸介质,快速升温至80℃,搅拌速度维持在500r/min,保持加热过程中液固比为12:1,酸浸时间60min,铅的平均浸取率达96%。
磁选尾矿中含有约14%的Fe,将在酸浸液中循环累积。试验中研究了酸浸液中Fe~(3+)浓度对铅的浸出的影响,试验表明,酸浸液中的Fe~(3+)对铅的浸取会有一定的影响,应在循环过三次之后,通过加碱使溶液中的Fe~(3+)沉淀滤出,然后再将上清液返回到酸浸系统中参与配制酸浸液。
As a kind of important second resource, utilization of the sintering dust not only meet the political requirement of energy saving and discharge decreasing, but also bring the iron and steel makers a big economic benefit.
In the paper, we have done benefication research on No.1、2、3 electrode dust made by 130m2 sintering machine. Through size analysis of these 3 dusts, we know that all these 3 dusts were fine particle dusts whose average size from 1 to 3 is 0.106mm, 0.102mm, 0.064mm respectively; and the chemical analysis shows that, the S, P content in this 3 dusts is relatively low which is easy to obtain high-quality Fe concentrate after benefication. As to the valuable elements like Fe, the content in this 3 dusts is 53.11%、49.32%、23.22%, the Pb content in these 3 dusts is 0.40%、1.39%、20.64%, all the information above suggests that recover Fe is the main target for No.1 and 2 dust, however as for No.3 dust, we need not only recover the Fe but also think of recover the Pb. XRD result of this 3 dusts tells us that, the Fe-bearing ores existed in this 3 dusts are mainly magnetite, hematite and so on. Besides No.3 dust has a lower content of Fe and non-magnetic ore takes up the most, so we have to use the roast and magnetic separation.
The result of wet magnetic separation tells us that after low intensity magnetic separation and high intensity magnetic separation, we can get concentrate with 62.01% of TFe, and the recovery of Fe reach up to 92.57%; as to No.2 dust, under the optimum condition of benefication, concentrate with 57.47% of Fe grade as well as 92.38% of recovery will be obtained.
The result of roasting-magnetic separation shows that the best conditions are: make the lignite be the reducer, 7% of the dosage, roasting temperature 850℃, roasting time 60min , grind granularity -0.038mm make up 73.25% of the total, maintain the magnetic field intensity at 150KA/m, we will obtain the fine with 51.12% of TFe, and recovers Fe as much as 84.25% of the total, besides the content of Pb in the fine is 1.75%, but 29.72% in the gangue, all the information above shows that the gangue of magnetic separation can be the material of recovering Pb.
The flotation separation for recovering Pb to the magnetic separation gangue showed that under the optimum conditions we can get Pb concentrate with 34.14% for the grade and 76.27% for the recovery, yet Pb grade in the flotation gangue is still as much as 19.09%, that shows flotation actually is not the effective solution to separating Pb. Through the XRD analysis we learn that Pb has different existing forms in the gangue and PbO_2 as the most one, so we did acid leaching to recover Pb. The result showed that: dilute hydrochloric acid and NaCl of high concentration acted as the acid leaching media, raise the temperature as soon as possible to 80℃, keep the stirring rate at 500r/min, the liquid-solid ratio stay at 12:1, reacted about 60min, finally we got 96% of leaching rate .
the magnetic separation gangue has around 14% of the Fe, which will accelerate in the leaching solution after recycling. In the paper we did research on influence caused by Fe ion in the liquor, the result tell that, Fe ion really has a certain impact on Pb leaching so after recycled for 3 times we need to add alkali to precipitate Fe and then filtrate the sedimentation, after which the supernatant can go back to the acid leaching system to make up new leaching solution.
引文
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