多极少槽盘式永磁同步电动机电磁噪声的计算与抑制
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摘要
盘式结构永磁同步电机拥有重量轻、体积小、结构紧凑、转动惯量小、低速运行平稳等特点,被广泛应用到数控机床、机器人、电动车、电梯、家用电器等领域。电机是一种噪声源,它的噪声水平已被列为衡量质量的一项重要指标,成为影响其在市场上竞争的一个重要因素。
本课题是辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2006T100)。其主要研究内容即是六相双Y移30°多极少槽盘式永磁同步电机电磁噪声的计算及抑制技术,通过研究达到对该结构电机电磁噪声较为准确的计算、及为低噪声电机设计提供依据的目的。
由于定、转子相互作用产生的法向电磁力是电机电磁噪声的主要来源,因此针对六相双Y移30°多极少槽盘式永磁电机的结构特点,本文首先对其气隙磁场分布进行研究。通过将六相双Y移30°绕组等效成两个独立的三相Y接绕组,得到了该结构电机定子绕组磁动势谐波分布。若总槽数和极对数之间具有最大公约数t,则整个绕组就可分成t个完全相同的单元。本文以单元电机为研究对象,通过解析法对定子开槽和不开槽两种情况下永磁体产生磁场分布进行了研究。结果表明,对于六相双Y移30°多极少槽电机,将单元电机极对数作为基波时,定子绕组磁动势中不含基波的5、7次谐波,转子永磁体产生的谐波次数由极槽配合决定。
定子系统固有频率及其模态是电机电磁振动和噪声的主要研究内容。根据盘式电机定子系统的受力及振动方向,本文将内转子轴向磁通(AFIR)盘式永磁同步电机定子铁心及端盖等效成环形薄板,运用ANSYS软件确定环形薄板在不同内外径比及不同振型下的频率常数,得到该结构电机定子系统固有频率计算方法,并编制电磁噪声计算程序。将本文提出的固有频率计算方法应用于15kW及5kW样机,同时对两台样机进行固有频率实验,试验结果与计算结果较好的吻合。
运用解析法计算AFIR盘式永磁电机电磁噪声时,假定电机端盖侧的电磁噪声最强,未计及电机长径比对噪声分布的影响。然而,电机的长径比必将影响电机周围噪声的分布。为了研究不同长径比对AFIR盘式永磁同步电机噪声分布的影响,本文通过声场计算,得到了AFIR盘式永磁同步电机长径比与噪声分布特性之间的关系,修正了该结构电机电磁噪声解析计算程序。
最后通过计算分析,本文给出了多极少槽AFIR盘式永磁同步电机电磁噪声的抑制措施。
Disc type permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) has characteristics such as light weight, small size, compact structure, low moment of inertia, steady running at low speed and so on. It was widely used in many fields, such as numerical control machine tools, robots, electric vehicles, elevators, household appliances, etc. Motor is one source of the noise, whose noise level became a significant index to evaluate its quality and an important factor affects its competitiveness.
This issue is from the Innovation Team project of Education Department of Liaoning Province (2006T100). This dissertation concentrates on calculation and suppression techniques of electromagnetic noise of disc type PMSM of six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts, and with multi-pole and few-slot, whose purpose is aimed to achieve a more accurate calculation of electromagnetic noise and to provide a definite basis for the design of motors with low noise.
The normal electromagnetic force caused by the mutual action of stator and rotor is the main source of motors’electromagnetic noise. On account of the structure characteristics of disc type PMSM of multi-pole and few-slot, six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts, this thesis firstly carries out the study on the magnetic field distribution in the air gap. As the stator winding of six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts is equivalent to two separate Y connected winding of three-phase, the harmonic distribution of magneto motive force (MMF) in the stator winding of this structure is obtained. When the maximum common factor of overall number of slots and pole pairs is t, the whole winding can be separated into t same units. Study on the unit motor, the magnetic field distribution generated from the permanent magnet with slot in the stator or non-slot in the stator is discussed through analytic method. It turned out that, for the motor with multi-pole and few-slot, six phases, dual-Y and 30o shift, when the pole pairs of unit motor serves as the fundamental wave, there is no harmonics of 5th and 7th order in the MMF of stator winding, and the order of harmonic generated by the permanent magnet in the rotor is decided by the match of the number of poles and slots.
The natural frequency and mode of stator system are the main research content on the electromagnetic vibration and noise of motors. According to the stress and vibration direction of stator system in the disc type PMSM, the stator core and the cover of axial-flux inner rotor (AFIR) disc type PMSM is equivalent to an elastic sheet, whose frequency constant of different ratios of inner and outer diameter and different modes of vibration is determined through the software ANSYS. And then, the calculation method of the natural frequency of the stator system is obtained, and the procedure for the calculation of electromagnetic noise is established. Applied the calculation method of inherent frequency on two prototypes of 15kW and 5kW, the data are in good agreement with the experimental results.
On the process of calculating the electromagnetic noise of AFIR disc type PMSM, there is a hypothesis that the electromagnetic noise on the cover side is the strongest, and the effect of motor’s draw ratio on the distribution of noise is ignored. However, the motor’s draw ratio definitely has influence on the noise around the motor. In order to consider the influence of motor’s draw ratio, this paper carried out the acoustic field calculation on the AFIR disc type motor with different draw ratios through the software ANSYS, the relationship between the draw ratio and the distribution characteristic of noise is obtained, and the analytic program is corrected accordingly. Finally, through the calculation and analysis, this dissertation provides the suppression measurements of electromagnetic noise of disc type PMSM with multi-pole and few-slot.
本课题是辽宁省教育厅创新团队项目(2006T100)。其主要研究内容即是六相双Y移30°多极少槽盘式永磁同步电机电磁噪声的计算及抑制技术,通过研究达到对该结构电机电磁噪声较为准确的计算、及为低噪声电机设计提供依据的目的。
由于定、转子相互作用产生的法向电磁力是电机电磁噪声的主要来源,因此针对六相双Y移30°多极少槽盘式永磁电机的结构特点,本文首先对其气隙磁场分布进行研究。通过将六相双Y移30°绕组等效成两个独立的三相Y接绕组,得到了该结构电机定子绕组磁动势谐波分布。若总槽数和极对数之间具有最大公约数t,则整个绕组就可分成t个完全相同的单元。本文以单元电机为研究对象,通过解析法对定子开槽和不开槽两种情况下永磁体产生磁场分布进行了研究。结果表明,对于六相双Y移30°多极少槽电机,将单元电机极对数作为基波时,定子绕组磁动势中不含基波的5、7次谐波,转子永磁体产生的谐波次数由极槽配合决定。
定子系统固有频率及其模态是电机电磁振动和噪声的主要研究内容。根据盘式电机定子系统的受力及振动方向,本文将内转子轴向磁通(AFIR)盘式永磁同步电机定子铁心及端盖等效成环形薄板,运用ANSYS软件确定环形薄板在不同内外径比及不同振型下的频率常数,得到该结构电机定子系统固有频率计算方法,并编制电磁噪声计算程序。将本文提出的固有频率计算方法应用于15kW及5kW样机,同时对两台样机进行固有频率实验,试验结果与计算结果较好的吻合。
运用解析法计算AFIR盘式永磁电机电磁噪声时,假定电机端盖侧的电磁噪声最强,未计及电机长径比对噪声分布的影响。然而,电机的长径比必将影响电机周围噪声的分布。为了研究不同长径比对AFIR盘式永磁同步电机噪声分布的影响,本文通过声场计算,得到了AFIR盘式永磁同步电机长径比与噪声分布特性之间的关系,修正了该结构电机电磁噪声解析计算程序。
最后通过计算分析,本文给出了多极少槽AFIR盘式永磁同步电机电磁噪声的抑制措施。
Disc type permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) has characteristics such as light weight, small size, compact structure, low moment of inertia, steady running at low speed and so on. It was widely used in many fields, such as numerical control machine tools, robots, electric vehicles, elevators, household appliances, etc. Motor is one source of the noise, whose noise level became a significant index to evaluate its quality and an important factor affects its competitiveness.
This issue is from the Innovation Team project of Education Department of Liaoning Province (2006T100). This dissertation concentrates on calculation and suppression techniques of electromagnetic noise of disc type PMSM of six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts, and with multi-pole and few-slot, whose purpose is aimed to achieve a more accurate calculation of electromagnetic noise and to provide a definite basis for the design of motors with low noise.
The normal electromagnetic force caused by the mutual action of stator and rotor is the main source of motors’electromagnetic noise. On account of the structure characteristics of disc type PMSM of multi-pole and few-slot, six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts, this thesis firstly carries out the study on the magnetic field distribution in the air gap. As the stator winding of six phases, dual-Y and 30 o shifts is equivalent to two separate Y connected winding of three-phase, the harmonic distribution of magneto motive force (MMF) in the stator winding of this structure is obtained. When the maximum common factor of overall number of slots and pole pairs is t, the whole winding can be separated into t same units. Study on the unit motor, the magnetic field distribution generated from the permanent magnet with slot in the stator or non-slot in the stator is discussed through analytic method. It turned out that, for the motor with multi-pole and few-slot, six phases, dual-Y and 30o shift, when the pole pairs of unit motor serves as the fundamental wave, there is no harmonics of 5th and 7th order in the MMF of stator winding, and the order of harmonic generated by the permanent magnet in the rotor is decided by the match of the number of poles and slots.
The natural frequency and mode of stator system are the main research content on the electromagnetic vibration and noise of motors. According to the stress and vibration direction of stator system in the disc type PMSM, the stator core and the cover of axial-flux inner rotor (AFIR) disc type PMSM is equivalent to an elastic sheet, whose frequency constant of different ratios of inner and outer diameter and different modes of vibration is determined through the software ANSYS. And then, the calculation method of the natural frequency of the stator system is obtained, and the procedure for the calculation of electromagnetic noise is established. Applied the calculation method of inherent frequency on two prototypes of 15kW and 5kW, the data are in good agreement with the experimental results.
On the process of calculating the electromagnetic noise of AFIR disc type PMSM, there is a hypothesis that the electromagnetic noise on the cover side is the strongest, and the effect of motor’s draw ratio on the distribution of noise is ignored. However, the motor’s draw ratio definitely has influence on the noise around the motor. In order to consider the influence of motor’s draw ratio, this paper carried out the acoustic field calculation on the AFIR disc type motor with different draw ratios through the software ANSYS, the relationship between the draw ratio and the distribution characteristic of noise is obtained, and the analytic program is corrected accordingly. Finally, through the calculation and analysis, this dissertation provides the suppression measurements of electromagnetic noise of disc type PMSM with multi-pole and few-slot.
引文
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