六相输电线的故障分析与继电保护
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摘要
六相输电是多相输电的一种,在国外六相输电技术作为提高输电线路功率传输密度,节约线路走廊空间的重要手段得到了充分的重视,对六相输电技术的研究也取得了很大的进展。1992年,美国纽约电力和天然气公司(NYSEG)将Goudey到Oakdale之间的一条双回线路改造成了六相输电线,并且已经投入了商业运行,这标志着多相输电技术已经从理论研究向实际应用迈出了重要的一步。
在我国由于耕地面积的减少和地理环境的制约,节约线路走廊占用空间,提高线路的功率传输密度已经成为电网建设需要考虑的一个重要因素,在这方面六相输电方式有着独特的优势。六相输电线路的故障分析是相当复杂的,同时国内、外对于六相输电线路继电保护的研究还是很少的,这也成为制约六相输电技术实用化的一个重要因素。本文对六相输电线路的功率传输特性和几种继电保护原理进行了深入的研究和分析,取得如下成果:
(1)详细分析和研究了六相输电线路在超高压和特高压两个电压等级上的功率传输特性,研究结果表明,六相输电线路能够最大程度地利用线路的走廊空间,明显提高系统的功率传输密度,并且线路的表面电场强度,以及线路下方的工频电场和磁场强度完全可以控制在规定允许的范围内。
(2)综合六相输电线路故障电流序分量的幅值和相位特征,提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的故障选相方案,该方案在各种故障情况下都能做到准确选出故障相,并且还有不受线路参数变化和接地电阻影响的优点。
(3)提出了一种基于六相输电线路特有序分量,即半正序、半零序和半负序分量的纵联方向保护方案,该方案能够根据故障的特性自动选择方向判据,并且具有不受系统阻抗变化影响的优点,补充正序突变量方向判据,该方案能够判别六相输电线路上所有的故障。
(4)提出了将六相输电线路特有故障电流序分量,即半正序、半零序和半负序电流分量进行线性组合,形成新的相差动保护的操作电流。基于本文所提出的操作电流的六相输电线路相差动保护具有不受线路两侧系统阻抗变化、负荷电流以及故障电阻影响等优点。
(5)提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的距离保护方案,该保护由6个接地阻抗继电器和15个相间阻抗继电器组成。阻抗继电器采用四边形方向阻抗特性和R-L模型法进行故障相阻抗的测量,大量的仿真测试表明,该距离保护方案性能可靠,可以作为六相输电线路的后备保护。
(6)提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的瞬时性故障判据,同时,本文还提出一种适用于六相输电线路的自适应分相重合闸方式来弥补该故障判据无法判断相间永久性故障和对称性故障的问题。本文所提出的自适应重合闸方案在最大程度上保证了线路不重合于永久性故障,并且增加了重合闸成功的概率。
Six-phase transmission belongs to multiphase transmission, and it can evidently improve power transmission density and utilize the right-of-way more efficiently. Many countries paid more attention to this technology, and made great progress in this area. In 1992, a three phase double circuit line between Goudey and Oakdale station was reconstructed to six-phase line and was operated commercially by New York state electric and gas (NYSEG). It is a milestone from theoretical research to practical application in the development of six-phase transmission.
With the decrease of cultivated land and the environmental problem in china, it is an important factor to improve power transmission density in the construction of electric network, and the predominance of six-phase transmission is obvious in this aspect. The method of fault analysis for six-phase transmission is very complicated, and the research on the protective scheme for six-phase transmission lines is few at the present time, and it had badly confined the practical application of six-phase transmission. The paper expounds the power transmission characteristics and studies several relay protection scheme of six-phase transmission lines. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:
(1) The paper expounds the characteristics of power transmission of EHV and UHV six-phase transmission lines. Researching results show that six-phase can utilize the overhead transmission right-of-way efficiently, and improve the density of power transmission. At the same time, the electric field on surface of conductor, the power frequency electric-magnetic field at ground level can be controlled within the range of permission for six-phase transmission lines.
(2) According to the characteristics of fault current sequence component on six-phase transmission lines, the paper proposes a novel fault phase selection scheme. The scheme can accurately distinguish the faulted phases under various fault conditions, and can be free from the influences of the transition resistance and system parameters.
(3) The paper proposes a new comprehensive scheme for directional comparison pilot protection based on half positive sequence, half zero sequence and half negative sequence fault component. The scheme can select proper criterion according to the property of faults and is unaffected by system impedance. By adding directional criterion based on positive sequence fault component, it can identify all faults on six-phase transmission line.
(4) The paper proposes a new protective principle based on linear combination of half positive sequence, half zero sequence, and half negative sequence current component for phase differential protection on six-phase transmission line. The phase differential protection based on this principle can be free from the influence of system impedance, heavy load current and transition resistance.
(5) The paper proposes a new distance protection scheme, and it consists of 6 ground impedance relay and 15 inter-phases impedance relay. The scheme use quadrilateral directional impedance characteristics and R-L algorithm to calculate the impedance of the faulted phase. The results of simulation show that the performance of distance protection proposed is reliable, and can be used as backup protection for six-phase transmission line.
(6) The paper proposes a novel criterion to distinguish instantaneous faults from permanent faults, at the same time, an adaptive reclosing mode based on phase sequence is presented in order to judge the permanent inter-phase faults and symmetrical faults on the six-phase transmission line. The adaptive auto-reclosing scheme can avoid reclosing the fault lines to permanent fault nearby, and enhance the possibility of reclosing successful.
在我国由于耕地面积的减少和地理环境的制约,节约线路走廊占用空间,提高线路的功率传输密度已经成为电网建设需要考虑的一个重要因素,在这方面六相输电方式有着独特的优势。六相输电线路的故障分析是相当复杂的,同时国内、外对于六相输电线路继电保护的研究还是很少的,这也成为制约六相输电技术实用化的一个重要因素。本文对六相输电线路的功率传输特性和几种继电保护原理进行了深入的研究和分析,取得如下成果:
(1)详细分析和研究了六相输电线路在超高压和特高压两个电压等级上的功率传输特性,研究结果表明,六相输电线路能够最大程度地利用线路的走廊空间,明显提高系统的功率传输密度,并且线路的表面电场强度,以及线路下方的工频电场和磁场强度完全可以控制在规定允许的范围内。
(2)综合六相输电线路故障电流序分量的幅值和相位特征,提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的故障选相方案,该方案在各种故障情况下都能做到准确选出故障相,并且还有不受线路参数变化和接地电阻影响的优点。
(3)提出了一种基于六相输电线路特有序分量,即半正序、半零序和半负序分量的纵联方向保护方案,该方案能够根据故障的特性自动选择方向判据,并且具有不受系统阻抗变化影响的优点,补充正序突变量方向判据,该方案能够判别六相输电线路上所有的故障。
(4)提出了将六相输电线路特有故障电流序分量,即半正序、半零序和半负序电流分量进行线性组合,形成新的相差动保护的操作电流。基于本文所提出的操作电流的六相输电线路相差动保护具有不受线路两侧系统阻抗变化、负荷电流以及故障电阻影响等优点。
(5)提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的距离保护方案,该保护由6个接地阻抗继电器和15个相间阻抗继电器组成。阻抗继电器采用四边形方向阻抗特性和R-L模型法进行故障相阻抗的测量,大量的仿真测试表明,该距离保护方案性能可靠,可以作为六相输电线路的后备保护。
(6)提出了一种适用于六相输电线路的瞬时性故障判据,同时,本文还提出一种适用于六相输电线路的自适应分相重合闸方式来弥补该故障判据无法判断相间永久性故障和对称性故障的问题。本文所提出的自适应重合闸方案在最大程度上保证了线路不重合于永久性故障,并且增加了重合闸成功的概率。
Six-phase transmission belongs to multiphase transmission, and it can evidently improve power transmission density and utilize the right-of-way more efficiently. Many countries paid more attention to this technology, and made great progress in this area. In 1992, a three phase double circuit line between Goudey and Oakdale station was reconstructed to six-phase line and was operated commercially by New York state electric and gas (NYSEG). It is a milestone from theoretical research to practical application in the development of six-phase transmission.
With the decrease of cultivated land and the environmental problem in china, it is an important factor to improve power transmission density in the construction of electric network, and the predominance of six-phase transmission is obvious in this aspect. The method of fault analysis for six-phase transmission is very complicated, and the research on the protective scheme for six-phase transmission lines is few at the present time, and it had badly confined the practical application of six-phase transmission. The paper expounds the power transmission characteristics and studies several relay protection scheme of six-phase transmission lines. The main contributions of the paper are as follows:
(1) The paper expounds the characteristics of power transmission of EHV and UHV six-phase transmission lines. Researching results show that six-phase can utilize the overhead transmission right-of-way efficiently, and improve the density of power transmission. At the same time, the electric field on surface of conductor, the power frequency electric-magnetic field at ground level can be controlled within the range of permission for six-phase transmission lines.
(2) According to the characteristics of fault current sequence component on six-phase transmission lines, the paper proposes a novel fault phase selection scheme. The scheme can accurately distinguish the faulted phases under various fault conditions, and can be free from the influences of the transition resistance and system parameters.
(3) The paper proposes a new comprehensive scheme for directional comparison pilot protection based on half positive sequence, half zero sequence and half negative sequence fault component. The scheme can select proper criterion according to the property of faults and is unaffected by system impedance. By adding directional criterion based on positive sequence fault component, it can identify all faults on six-phase transmission line.
(4) The paper proposes a new protective principle based on linear combination of half positive sequence, half zero sequence, and half negative sequence current component for phase differential protection on six-phase transmission line. The phase differential protection based on this principle can be free from the influence of system impedance, heavy load current and transition resistance.
(5) The paper proposes a new distance protection scheme, and it consists of 6 ground impedance relay and 15 inter-phases impedance relay. The scheme use quadrilateral directional impedance characteristics and R-L algorithm to calculate the impedance of the faulted phase. The results of simulation show that the performance of distance protection proposed is reliable, and can be used as backup protection for six-phase transmission line.
(6) The paper proposes a novel criterion to distinguish instantaneous faults from permanent faults, at the same time, an adaptive reclosing mode based on phase sequence is presented in order to judge the permanent inter-phase faults and symmetrical faults on the six-phase transmission line. The adaptive auto-reclosing scheme can avoid reclosing the fault lines to permanent fault nearby, and enhance the possibility of reclosing successful.
引文
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