大厂贫锡多金属硫化矿选矿关键技术研究及应用
摘要
本文对中国广西大厂矿区贫锡-铅锑锌多金属硫化矿的分离进行了详细的研究。在此基础上,进行了选矿流程结构的设计及多项工业试验和现场流程改造。通过理论研究,总结了提高现场指标的多项关键技术。
对我国大厂特有的硫化矿物的浮选行为进行研究,查明了脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿三种矿物浮选行为,比较丁基黄药、丁胺黑药、SN-9这三种捕收剂发现,丁胺黑药的捕收效果要好于另外两者;铁闪锌矿在pH值3-7的范围内具有很好的可浮性,当pH值大于8时,铁闪锌矿很难起浮;磁黄铁矿的天然可浮性较差,在pH在4.5-6的范围内磁黄铁矿有一定的可浮性,但当矿浆pH值大于8以后它将很难在没有活化剂的条件浮起。确定了硫化矿浮选体系中高选择性浮选分离过程的控制参数。
开发了多项磨矿、浮选和重选新工艺和浮选新药剂,通过工艺优化和组合,针对大厂的低品位锡石-铅锑锌多金属硫化矿开发了整体选矿关键技术,该技术主要包括以下几个内容:
1)采用重选跳汰、圆锥选矿机、螺旋溜槽等高效重选设备组成的多段组合抛废工艺,前重预先丢弃30～40%的废石,提高了主流程的入选品位,提高了选矿厂的处理能力,为提高选矿指标、降低选矿成本创造有利条件。
2)选择性磨矿新技术,不同品位、不同可磨性的矿石分支分别进入不同的磨矿机进行磨矿,并采用不同的磨矿介质,减少了锡石在磨矿过程中的过粉碎,降低硫化矿混合浮选入选粒度,有效解决大厂贫锡多金属硫化矿矿石选别过程锡石与硫化矿的粒度矛盾。
3)在硫化矿混浮脱硫中主要调节和控制包括矿浆pH值、捕收剂种类、用量及用法、浮选时间以及浮选流程结构等在内的浮选操作参数,采用多次开路粗选、分段加不同药剂逐级依次强化,泡沫集中精选等技术手段,加快了硫化矿浮选速度。实现硫化矿混浮粗选在高浓度矿浆中开路浮选,提高了脱硫效率,降低药剂消耗。
4)根据脉石矿物性质特点,使用新型分散剂,配合生产上的新抑制剂,针对不同粒级锡石可浮特性差异,分步逐级强化,先加少量药剂浮易浮细粒锡石,再加大部分药剂浮难浮相对粗粒锡石,泡沫集中精选,开发全粒级不脱泥细泥锡
In this paper, the beneficiation of low-grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore of Dachang of China was studied. The floatation flow was designed, revised, and practical experiments were carried out. Based on the flotation theory of sulfide minerals, the mechanism of sulfide flotation and its practical application was studied.The relationship between pH value and concentration of collector (C) and floatability of three sulfide minerals, which include jamesonite, marmatite and pyrrhotite, were discussed. When butylxanthogenate, dithiophosphate and diethyldithiocarbamate were used as collectors, the result showed that the dithiophosphate has the best flotation effect. When the pulp pH value range is from 3.0 to 7.0, marmatite has well floatability. When the pulp pH value is above 8, marmatite cannot be floated easily. Pyrrhotite has poor floatability. When the pulp pH value range is from 4.5 to 6, pyrrhotite can be floated partly. But when the pulp pH value is above 8, pyrrhotite cannot be floated unless activators are used. The dominant parameters of sulfide mineral floatation system were ascertained.Some novel floatation reagents were selected and many new techniques about the process of grinding, flotation and gravity separation were invented. By the optimization of technique, the novel beneficiation of low-grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore was invented, which was discussed as following.1) By the gigging-taper-screw gravity separators combination, the multi-staged separation of valuable minerals from low-grade complex sulfide ore was formed. By this method, 30-40% gangue mineral was cast away, the grade of ore was increased, production improved and the cost was decreased.2) Use of composite gravity separators to process low-grade complex sulfide ore containning cassiterite to obtain ores of different grades as gravity separated feeds, and then use different grinding mediums and equipments to process different feeds of
different grades.3) During the process of sulfide ore floatation without middlings, several important parameters including pulp pH value, collectors, flotation time and the flow structure were controlled and adjusted. Use the parallel rougher flotation, subsection adding the different reagents in turn and foam pulp flotation technology instrument can increase the rate of flotation. The efficiency of floatation of sulfide ore can be achieved in the plough floatation with high concentration of the mine pulp, In this way, the consumption of reagents can be reduced.4) Based on the characters of gangue minerals, new disperser and depressor were used. According to different floatability of different size particles, we can strengthen the flotation process. Firstly we can get fine cassiterite of well floatability using fewer reagents. Then more reagents were added to obtain cassiterite of poor floatability. Such was the technology of fine cassiterite floatation.5) By flocculating flotation of ultra fine and low-grade lead, zinc antimony ore, we can reclaim the lead and zinc mineral from the mub with particle-size fraction below 10 u m. Using this technique, the recovery of lead and antimony was enhanced 7%, and the recovery of zinc was enhanced 3%. Every year we can get more 600 tons of tin with grade over 50% by this way.6) Waste water was recycled in the flow. By adding flocculate reagents with high molecular weight in the major flow, the water was purified and recycled. The recycling rate was over 95%.By these research work — novel technology of beneficiation of low grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore of Dachang, we got excellent economic production indexes: The original grade of metals were: Pb+Sb0.45 %, Zn2.00 % and Sn0.56 %. Their recovery were 71.97 % ,53.41 % and 69.76 % respectively. The production cost was 65RMB per ton.
对我国大厂特有的硫化矿物的浮选行为进行研究,查明了脆硫锑铅矿、铁闪锌矿、磁黄铁矿三种矿物浮选行为,比较丁基黄药、丁胺黑药、SN-9这三种捕收剂发现,丁胺黑药的捕收效果要好于另外两者;铁闪锌矿在pH值3-7的范围内具有很好的可浮性,当pH值大于8时,铁闪锌矿很难起浮;磁黄铁矿的天然可浮性较差,在pH在4.5-6的范围内磁黄铁矿有一定的可浮性,但当矿浆pH值大于8以后它将很难在没有活化剂的条件浮起。确定了硫化矿浮选体系中高选择性浮选分离过程的控制参数。
开发了多项磨矿、浮选和重选新工艺和浮选新药剂,通过工艺优化和组合,针对大厂的低品位锡石-铅锑锌多金属硫化矿开发了整体选矿关键技术,该技术主要包括以下几个内容:
1)采用重选跳汰、圆锥选矿机、螺旋溜槽等高效重选设备组成的多段组合抛废工艺,前重预先丢弃30～40%的废石,提高了主流程的入选品位,提高了选矿厂的处理能力,为提高选矿指标、降低选矿成本创造有利条件。
2)选择性磨矿新技术,不同品位、不同可磨性的矿石分支分别进入不同的磨矿机进行磨矿,并采用不同的磨矿介质,减少了锡石在磨矿过程中的过粉碎,降低硫化矿混合浮选入选粒度,有效解决大厂贫锡多金属硫化矿矿石选别过程锡石与硫化矿的粒度矛盾。
3)在硫化矿混浮脱硫中主要调节和控制包括矿浆pH值、捕收剂种类、用量及用法、浮选时间以及浮选流程结构等在内的浮选操作参数,采用多次开路粗选、分段加不同药剂逐级依次强化,泡沫集中精选等技术手段,加快了硫化矿浮选速度。实现硫化矿混浮粗选在高浓度矿浆中开路浮选,提高了脱硫效率,降低药剂消耗。
4)根据脉石矿物性质特点,使用新型分散剂,配合生产上的新抑制剂,针对不同粒级锡石可浮特性差异,分步逐级强化,先加少量药剂浮易浮细粒锡石,再加大部分药剂浮难浮相对粗粒锡石,泡沫集中精选,开发全粒级不脱泥细泥锡
In this paper, the beneficiation of low-grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore of Dachang of China was studied. The floatation flow was designed, revised, and practical experiments were carried out. Based on the flotation theory of sulfide minerals, the mechanism of sulfide flotation and its practical application was studied.The relationship between pH value and concentration of collector (C) and floatability of three sulfide minerals, which include jamesonite, marmatite and pyrrhotite, were discussed. When butylxanthogenate, dithiophosphate and diethyldithiocarbamate were used as collectors, the result showed that the dithiophosphate has the best flotation effect. When the pulp pH value range is from 3.0 to 7.0, marmatite has well floatability. When the pulp pH value is above 8, marmatite cannot be floated easily. Pyrrhotite has poor floatability. When the pulp pH value range is from 4.5 to 6, pyrrhotite can be floated partly. But when the pulp pH value is above 8, pyrrhotite cannot be floated unless activators are used. The dominant parameters of sulfide mineral floatation system were ascertained.Some novel floatation reagents were selected and many new techniques about the process of grinding, flotation and gravity separation were invented. By the optimization of technique, the novel beneficiation of low-grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore was invented, which was discussed as following.1) By the gigging-taper-screw gravity separators combination, the multi-staged separation of valuable minerals from low-grade complex sulfide ore was formed. By this method, 30-40% gangue mineral was cast away, the grade of ore was increased, production improved and the cost was decreased.2) Use of composite gravity separators to process low-grade complex sulfide ore containning cassiterite to obtain ores of different grades as gravity separated feeds, and then use different grinding mediums and equipments to process different feeds of
different grades.3) During the process of sulfide ore floatation without middlings, several important parameters including pulp pH value, collectors, flotation time and the flow structure were controlled and adjusted. Use the parallel rougher flotation, subsection adding the different reagents in turn and foam pulp flotation technology instrument can increase the rate of flotation. The efficiency of floatation of sulfide ore can be achieved in the plough floatation with high concentration of the mine pulp, In this way, the consumption of reagents can be reduced.4) Based on the characters of gangue minerals, new disperser and depressor were used. According to different floatability of different size particles, we can strengthen the flotation process. Firstly we can get fine cassiterite of well floatability using fewer reagents. Then more reagents were added to obtain cassiterite of poor floatability. Such was the technology of fine cassiterite floatation.5) By flocculating flotation of ultra fine and low-grade lead, zinc antimony ore, we can reclaim the lead and zinc mineral from the mub with particle-size fraction below 10 u m. Using this technique, the recovery of lead and antimony was enhanced 7%, and the recovery of zinc was enhanced 3%. Every year we can get more 600 tons of tin with grade over 50% by this way.6) Waste water was recycled in the flow. By adding flocculate reagents with high molecular weight in the major flow, the water was purified and recycled. The recycling rate was over 95%.By these research work — novel technology of beneficiation of low grade tin-lead-zinc complex sulfide ore of Dachang, we got excellent economic production indexes: The original grade of metals were: Pb+Sb0.45 %, Zn2.00 % and Sn0.56 %. Their recovery were 71.97 % ,53.41 % and 69.76 % respectively. The production cost was 65RMB per ton.
引文
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