艾比湖区域生态脆弱性评价遥感研究
|
摘要
目前,可持续发展已逐渐成为人类实现社会、经济、资源与环境发展的最高目标,然而人口的急剧增加以及对资源的不合理利用,使得生态系统自身的协调能力不断下降,人类生存的环境也呈现出越来越脆弱的趋势,严重阻碍着可持续发展的进程。生态脆弱性研究通过对区域生态环境的现状及其在外部环境变化的胁迫下可能发生的变化趋势进行分析,可基本掌握脆弱生态环境区域的形成与演化机理。艾比湖区域生态系统严重退化、生态环境十分脆弱,正确认识和评价其生态环境脆弱性本质,监测生态环境演变的规律并加以恢复和重建,在西部大开发的前题下,对实现艾比湖区域环境和经济的可持续发展具有重大现实意义。
本文选取艾比湖区域为典型研究区,以现代生态学、地理学、土壤侵蚀原理、土地资源学的理论和方法为指导,运用空间信息技术,以1990、2001和2007年3期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为基本数据源,分析该区域的景观格局并获取景观指数,提取研究区土壤侵蚀、土壤盐渍化信息,同时建立土壤侵蚀和土壤盐渍化敏感性指数模型,以此为基础建立艾比湖区域综合生态环境脆弱度评价模型,并获得全区生态环境综合脆弱度分布图,研究艾比湖区域生态脆弱性及其动态变化过程。最后,对研究区的生态脆弱性提出分区恢复与保护的对策。
研究取得了以下主要结论：
利用SVM分类法,将研究区划分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、城乡建设用地和未利用地6种景观类型。通过动态度模型、景观转移矩阵、重心模型以及景观指数对研究区景观格局进行分析。研究表明,艾比湖区域景观格局发生了较大的变化。从整个研究时段来看,在耕地、城乡建设用地面积急剧增加以及林地面积小幅度增加的同时,草地、水域等景观类型均都有不同程度的减少,而土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化的问题也依然不容忽视。耕地、林地、未利用地与草地之间的转化比较明显,水域和未利用地之间的转化较为显著。景观的重心有整体向东迁移的趋势,这和人工绿洲扩大是密切相关的,同时指征绿洲重心的迁移方向。在转入贡献率中最占优势的是耕地,转出贡献率最占优势的是未利用地,进一步说明随着当地经济近十几年的快速发展,人们不断调整农业经济结构,开垦了大量的荒地。城乡建设用地的分离度最大,说明该种景观类型分布较为复杂,其破碎化程度也较高。根据PPU指数对景观破碎度进行分析可以发现,研究区近20年总的变化趋势是景观的破碎化程度在降低,聚集度在逐渐增强,景观内优势斑块的连接性也在增强。城乡建设用地的SqP指数值增加的同时其余景观类型的SqP指数值均减少,说明绿洲主体部分的斑块复杂度在降低。
选取分离度指数、PPU指数和SqP指数共3个景观格局指数,同时选用了土壤侵蚀敏感性指数和土壤盐渍化敏感性指数来完善研究区生态环境脆弱性的景观生态学评价。以建立的景观类型生态脆弱度指数模型为基础,利用景观类型脆弱度指数与各景观类型面积的比重构建了区域综合生态脆弱度模型XEVI,能够从空间上反映整个区域的生态环境脆弱性特征。评价结果表明,研究区以一般脆弱区为主,主要分布在艾比湖西侧的博乐市、达勒特镇、贝林哈日莫墩乡、精河县等组成的绿洲内部。无脆弱区和轻微脆弱区主要分布于艾比湖湖区、整个研究区的外围以及绿洲内部的部分区域。中等脆弱区主要位于绿洲内部的未利用地和艾比湖湖区周围。严重脆弱区对整个研究区生态环境变化的影响最大,主要分布于艾比湖湿地自然保护区部分区域、木特塔尔沙漠以及艾比湖湖区与阿拉山口之间的区域。总的来说,1990-2007年间,整个研究区的生态环境具有较强的脆弱性,其生态退化已接近或已超过现有社会经济和技术水平下能长期维持目前人类利用资源和社会发展的水平,而且局部区域的脆弱程度在不断加强。此外,生态脆弱度类型之间的转化比较频繁,不够稳定,近年向一般脆弱和严重脆弱等级转化的比重较大,说明研究区的生态环境总体上随时间的推移由低脆弱度向高脆弱度演进,生态环境处在不断恶化的过程中。
针对艾比湖区域生态环境脆弱性现状,提出了研究区生态脆弱性分区恢复与保护的对策。对于无脆弱区,要加强艾比湖湖区和高山冰雪区的环境保护,合理利用水资源,稳定湖水面积,严禁滥挖乱采高山植物。对于轻微脆弱区,要加强艾比湖湖区周围盐渍化的防治,在干涸湖滨人工飞播盐生植物草籽,同时也可减轻大风对湖底的吹蚀作用。对于一般脆弱区,要加强水土资源的合理开发、利用与管理,土地利用要通过“以水定地”,实行“退耕还林还草”,畜牧业生产应实行“以草定畜”。对于中等脆弱区,要对流域内遭受破坏的自然植被进行恢复,在恢复的同时加强保护,防止滥砍乱伐、随意开垦和过度放牧,营造防风林。对于严重脆弱区,要依法保护好艾比湖流域的现有荒漠植被,对已遭破坏的植被进行及时有效的恢复或重建。严格控制载畜量,确保以梭梭为主的天然荒漠植被正常生长和天然更新,防止沙漠进程的加快。
Presently, sustainable development is the highest aim of human beings, but population, resource and environment problems have become severe problems that human beings have faced. Rapid increasing of population and irrational using of resources has caused continuously decreasing in coordination ability of ecological system and weakening of human living condition. Through studying on ecological environment vulnerability, one of ecology's research contents, which would play crucial role in sustainable development of ecological environment vulnerable region. The ecosystem of Ebinur Lake region has been degraded, and its ecological environment is vulnerable. During western development period, realizing and assessing essence of Ebinur Lake region's ecological vulnerability, monitoring evolution of ecological environment and further restoration, this has great significance for sustainable development of Ebinur Lake region's environment and economy.
This paper selected Ebinur Lake region as a typical research region, used modern ecology, geography, soil erosion theory and land resources sciences& methods as a direction, exerted spatial information technology, and chose multi-temporal (1990,2001 and 2007) Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images have been chosen as a basic data source. We analyzed this region's landscape patterns and obtained landscape index, extracted research area's soil erosion and soil salinization information, at the same time built soil erosion and soil salinization sensitivity index model. Then we built Ebinur Lake region's comprehensive ecological vulnerability assessing model based on landscape index, soil erosion and soil salinization sensitivity index model, attained entire region's ecological environment vulnerability distribution map, and studied Ebinur Lake region's ecological vulnerability and its dynamic changing process. At last, we put forward the subarea restoration and protective countermeasure.
Major conclusions:
The research area was divided into 6 landscape patterns such as farmland, forest, grassland, water area, urban and rural construction land and unused land. Using dynamic degree model, landscape transition matrix, gravity center model and landscape index to analyze the landscape patterns of research area. The results showed that landscape patterns changed comparably in Ebinur Lake region. From the whole research period, following the rapid increasing of farmlands, urban and rural construction land, forests have increased at small scale, grasslands and water area decreased at different size. Moreover, soil desertification and soil salinization still should not be neglected. Transformation between the farmland, forest, unused land and grassland was relatively obvious, transformation between water area and unused land was more obvious. Entire moving trend of Landscape's gravity center was towards east. This was closely related to the expanding of artificial oasis and indicated moving direction of oasis gravity center. Most dominant contribution rate of changing-in was farm land and most dominant contribution rate of changing-out was unused land. It referred that with rapid development of economy; people modulated agricultural economy structure and reclaimed a mass of abandoned land. Separated degree of urban and rural construction land was very high, which indicated that its distribution was complex and its fragmentation was high. According to the PPU index, we found that in recent 20 years, the fragmentation degree decreased, contagion degree increased gradually and connectivity of dominant patch in landscape increased too. The SqP index value of urban and rural construction land increased, and the others decreased. This indicated that the complexity of patch in main oasis body decreased.
We chose three landscape pattern indexes:Landscape Isolation Index, PPU index and SqP index, at the same time we used soil erosion sensitivity index and soil solinization sensitivity index to perfect the landscape ecology assessing of research area's ecological environment vulnerability. We built regional comprehensive ecological vulnerability model XEVI which based on ecological vulnerability index model of landscape type. It can reflect entire region's ecological environment vulnerability from spatial aspect. Assessment result showed that the gently vulnerable area spread far and wide, and it distributed in the inner oasis which consists of Botala city, Dlite town, Belinhamudun village, Jinghe County in the west of Ebinur Lake. Non-vulnerable and light vulnerable area mainly distributed around the Ebinur Lake, periphery of the research area and partly inside the oasis. Moderate vulnerable area mainly distributed in the unused land of inner oasis and periphery of the Ebinur Lake area. Serious vulnerable area has substantial effect to ecological environment changing of entire research area, distributed in the Nature Protection Area of Ebinur Lake, Mutar desert, between Ebinur Lake and Alashankou. In conclusion, from 1990 to 2007, the ecological environment of research area was relatively strong vulnerability, and its ecological degradation has already reached or exceeded the recent level of human beings' usage of resource and development of society, and some parts of research area's vulnerability degree were continuously intensifying. Besides, transformation between the ecological vulnerability was relatively frequent, not enough steady. In recent years, the transformation proportion of the moderate and serious vulnerability level was relatively big. This indicated that the ecological environment of research area developed from low vulnerability to high vulnerability and ecological environment was in the situation of continuously degrading.
We put forward the restoration and protection countermeasure of research area ecological vulnerability for aiming at the current status of Ebinur Lake ecological vulnerability. To non-vulnerable area, we should intensify protection of Ebinur Lake area and alpine snow-ice covered areas, rationally use water resource, stabilize the lake area and forbid destroy alpine vegetation. To light vulnerable area, we must intensify the preventing the salinization of periphery of the Ebinur Lake area, spread Halophytes' seeds with man power to the dry lake shores, and it can alleviate gale's erosion of lake bottom. To general vulnerable area, we have to intensify rational using and management of water resource, land use should implement "water settling land" and "Conversion of cropland to forest and grassland", and stockbreeding also should implement "grass settling livestock". To moderate vulnerable area, together with restoration of destroyed vegetation in catchment's protection was intensified, cutting trees at random, reclamation, over-grazing should be forbidden, windbreak forests should be built. To serious vulnerable area, we should protect the present desert vegetation of Ebinur Lake catchment, forbid cutting trees and rebuild the destroyed vegetation. We should strictly control the carrying capacity, insure the normal growing and renewal natural desert vegetation which mostly contains haloxylon arnmodendron, and prevent the speed of desertification.
本文选取艾比湖区域为典型研究区,以现代生态学、地理学、土壤侵蚀原理、土地资源学的理论和方法为指导,运用空间信息技术,以1990、2001和2007年3期Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像为基本数据源,分析该区域的景观格局并获取景观指数,提取研究区土壤侵蚀、土壤盐渍化信息,同时建立土壤侵蚀和土壤盐渍化敏感性指数模型,以此为基础建立艾比湖区域综合生态环境脆弱度评价模型,并获得全区生态环境综合脆弱度分布图,研究艾比湖区域生态脆弱性及其动态变化过程。最后,对研究区的生态脆弱性提出分区恢复与保护的对策。
研究取得了以下主要结论：
利用SVM分类法,将研究区划分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、城乡建设用地和未利用地6种景观类型。通过动态度模型、景观转移矩阵、重心模型以及景观指数对研究区景观格局进行分析。研究表明,艾比湖区域景观格局发生了较大的变化。从整个研究时段来看,在耕地、城乡建设用地面积急剧增加以及林地面积小幅度增加的同时,草地、水域等景观类型均都有不同程度的减少,而土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化的问题也依然不容忽视。耕地、林地、未利用地与草地之间的转化比较明显,水域和未利用地之间的转化较为显著。景观的重心有整体向东迁移的趋势,这和人工绿洲扩大是密切相关的,同时指征绿洲重心的迁移方向。在转入贡献率中最占优势的是耕地,转出贡献率最占优势的是未利用地,进一步说明随着当地经济近十几年的快速发展,人们不断调整农业经济结构,开垦了大量的荒地。城乡建设用地的分离度最大,说明该种景观类型分布较为复杂,其破碎化程度也较高。根据PPU指数对景观破碎度进行分析可以发现,研究区近20年总的变化趋势是景观的破碎化程度在降低,聚集度在逐渐增强,景观内优势斑块的连接性也在增强。城乡建设用地的SqP指数值增加的同时其余景观类型的SqP指数值均减少,说明绿洲主体部分的斑块复杂度在降低。
选取分离度指数、PPU指数和SqP指数共3个景观格局指数,同时选用了土壤侵蚀敏感性指数和土壤盐渍化敏感性指数来完善研究区生态环境脆弱性的景观生态学评价。以建立的景观类型生态脆弱度指数模型为基础,利用景观类型脆弱度指数与各景观类型面积的比重构建了区域综合生态脆弱度模型XEVI,能够从空间上反映整个区域的生态环境脆弱性特征。评价结果表明,研究区以一般脆弱区为主,主要分布在艾比湖西侧的博乐市、达勒特镇、贝林哈日莫墩乡、精河县等组成的绿洲内部。无脆弱区和轻微脆弱区主要分布于艾比湖湖区、整个研究区的外围以及绿洲内部的部分区域。中等脆弱区主要位于绿洲内部的未利用地和艾比湖湖区周围。严重脆弱区对整个研究区生态环境变化的影响最大,主要分布于艾比湖湿地自然保护区部分区域、木特塔尔沙漠以及艾比湖湖区与阿拉山口之间的区域。总的来说,1990-2007年间,整个研究区的生态环境具有较强的脆弱性,其生态退化已接近或已超过现有社会经济和技术水平下能长期维持目前人类利用资源和社会发展的水平,而且局部区域的脆弱程度在不断加强。此外,生态脆弱度类型之间的转化比较频繁,不够稳定,近年向一般脆弱和严重脆弱等级转化的比重较大,说明研究区的生态环境总体上随时间的推移由低脆弱度向高脆弱度演进,生态环境处在不断恶化的过程中。
针对艾比湖区域生态环境脆弱性现状,提出了研究区生态脆弱性分区恢复与保护的对策。对于无脆弱区,要加强艾比湖湖区和高山冰雪区的环境保护,合理利用水资源,稳定湖水面积,严禁滥挖乱采高山植物。对于轻微脆弱区,要加强艾比湖湖区周围盐渍化的防治,在干涸湖滨人工飞播盐生植物草籽,同时也可减轻大风对湖底的吹蚀作用。对于一般脆弱区,要加强水土资源的合理开发、利用与管理,土地利用要通过“以水定地”,实行“退耕还林还草”,畜牧业生产应实行“以草定畜”。对于中等脆弱区,要对流域内遭受破坏的自然植被进行恢复,在恢复的同时加强保护,防止滥砍乱伐、随意开垦和过度放牧,营造防风林。对于严重脆弱区,要依法保护好艾比湖流域的现有荒漠植被,对已遭破坏的植被进行及时有效的恢复或重建。严格控制载畜量,确保以梭梭为主的天然荒漠植被正常生长和天然更新,防止沙漠进程的加快。
Presently, sustainable development is the highest aim of human beings, but population, resource and environment problems have become severe problems that human beings have faced. Rapid increasing of population and irrational using of resources has caused continuously decreasing in coordination ability of ecological system and weakening of human living condition. Through studying on ecological environment vulnerability, one of ecology's research contents, which would play crucial role in sustainable development of ecological environment vulnerable region. The ecosystem of Ebinur Lake region has been degraded, and its ecological environment is vulnerable. During western development period, realizing and assessing essence of Ebinur Lake region's ecological vulnerability, monitoring evolution of ecological environment and further restoration, this has great significance for sustainable development of Ebinur Lake region's environment and economy.
This paper selected Ebinur Lake region as a typical research region, used modern ecology, geography, soil erosion theory and land resources sciences& methods as a direction, exerted spatial information technology, and chose multi-temporal (1990,2001 and 2007) Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images have been chosen as a basic data source. We analyzed this region's landscape patterns and obtained landscape index, extracted research area's soil erosion and soil salinization information, at the same time built soil erosion and soil salinization sensitivity index model. Then we built Ebinur Lake region's comprehensive ecological vulnerability assessing model based on landscape index, soil erosion and soil salinization sensitivity index model, attained entire region's ecological environment vulnerability distribution map, and studied Ebinur Lake region's ecological vulnerability and its dynamic changing process. At last, we put forward the subarea restoration and protective countermeasure.
Major conclusions:
The research area was divided into 6 landscape patterns such as farmland, forest, grassland, water area, urban and rural construction land and unused land. Using dynamic degree model, landscape transition matrix, gravity center model and landscape index to analyze the landscape patterns of research area. The results showed that landscape patterns changed comparably in Ebinur Lake region. From the whole research period, following the rapid increasing of farmlands, urban and rural construction land, forests have increased at small scale, grasslands and water area decreased at different size. Moreover, soil desertification and soil salinization still should not be neglected. Transformation between the farmland, forest, unused land and grassland was relatively obvious, transformation between water area and unused land was more obvious. Entire moving trend of Landscape's gravity center was towards east. This was closely related to the expanding of artificial oasis and indicated moving direction of oasis gravity center. Most dominant contribution rate of changing-in was farm land and most dominant contribution rate of changing-out was unused land. It referred that with rapid development of economy; people modulated agricultural economy structure and reclaimed a mass of abandoned land. Separated degree of urban and rural construction land was very high, which indicated that its distribution was complex and its fragmentation was high. According to the PPU index, we found that in recent 20 years, the fragmentation degree decreased, contagion degree increased gradually and connectivity of dominant patch in landscape increased too. The SqP index value of urban and rural construction land increased, and the others decreased. This indicated that the complexity of patch in main oasis body decreased.
We chose three landscape pattern indexes:Landscape Isolation Index, PPU index and SqP index, at the same time we used soil erosion sensitivity index and soil solinization sensitivity index to perfect the landscape ecology assessing of research area's ecological environment vulnerability. We built regional comprehensive ecological vulnerability model XEVI which based on ecological vulnerability index model of landscape type. It can reflect entire region's ecological environment vulnerability from spatial aspect. Assessment result showed that the gently vulnerable area spread far and wide, and it distributed in the inner oasis which consists of Botala city, Dlite town, Belinhamudun village, Jinghe County in the west of Ebinur Lake. Non-vulnerable and light vulnerable area mainly distributed around the Ebinur Lake, periphery of the research area and partly inside the oasis. Moderate vulnerable area mainly distributed in the unused land of inner oasis and periphery of the Ebinur Lake area. Serious vulnerable area has substantial effect to ecological environment changing of entire research area, distributed in the Nature Protection Area of Ebinur Lake, Mutar desert, between Ebinur Lake and Alashankou. In conclusion, from 1990 to 2007, the ecological environment of research area was relatively strong vulnerability, and its ecological degradation has already reached or exceeded the recent level of human beings' usage of resource and development of society, and some parts of research area's vulnerability degree were continuously intensifying. Besides, transformation between the ecological vulnerability was relatively frequent, not enough steady. In recent years, the transformation proportion of the moderate and serious vulnerability level was relatively big. This indicated that the ecological environment of research area developed from low vulnerability to high vulnerability and ecological environment was in the situation of continuously degrading.
We put forward the restoration and protection countermeasure of research area ecological vulnerability for aiming at the current status of Ebinur Lake ecological vulnerability. To non-vulnerable area, we should intensify protection of Ebinur Lake area and alpine snow-ice covered areas, rationally use water resource, stabilize the lake area and forbid destroy alpine vegetation. To light vulnerable area, we must intensify the preventing the salinization of periphery of the Ebinur Lake area, spread Halophytes' seeds with man power to the dry lake shores, and it can alleviate gale's erosion of lake bottom. To general vulnerable area, we have to intensify rational using and management of water resource, land use should implement "water settling land" and "Conversion of cropland to forest and grassland", and stockbreeding also should implement "grass settling livestock". To moderate vulnerable area, together with restoration of destroyed vegetation in catchment's protection was intensified, cutting trees at random, reclamation, over-grazing should be forbidden, windbreak forests should be built. To serious vulnerable area, we should protect the present desert vegetation of Ebinur Lake catchment, forbid cutting trees and rebuild the destroyed vegetation. We should strictly control the carrying capacity, insure the normal growing and renewal natural desert vegetation which mostly contains haloxylon arnmodendron, and prevent the speed of desertification.
引文
[1]张红梅.遥感与GIS技术在区域生态环境脆弱性监测与评价中的应用研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[2]姚建.岷江上游生态脆弱性分析及评价[D].四川大学博士学位论文,2004.
[3]商彦蕊.自然灾害综合研究的新进展——脆弱性研究[J].地域研究与开发,2000,19(2)：73-77.
[4]朱馨蕾,黄培祐.艾比湖湖周生境恶化及其恢复对策[J].新疆环境保护,2004,26(3)：36-38.
[5]李虎,高俊峰,王晓峰,等.新疆艾比湖湿地土地荒漠化动态监测研究[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(2)：127-132.
[6]宫恒瑞.基于遥感技术的艾比湖地区荒漠化监测研究[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[7]赵平,彭少麟,张经炜.生态系统的脆弱性与退化生态系统[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(3)：179-186.
[8]王让会,樊自立.塔里木河流域生态脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱环境监测,1998,12(4)：39-44.
[9]赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究——退化生态综合整治、恢复与重建示范工程技术研究[M].北京：北京科学技术出版社,1995.
[10]邓楠.九十年代中国环境科学技术的使命与发展战略[J].环境工作通讯,1991,(1)：28-29.
[11]黄益斌,崔广柏,朱德明.太湖生态脆弱性特征与消除对策的初步探讨[J].湖泊科学,1999,11(4)：316-321.
[12]李佳,吴军年,杜哲.生态脆弱地区资源-环境-经济协调发展程度评价——以民勤地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1)：118-123.
[13]Kline V, Cottma G. Vegetational response to climate and fire in the dritfless area of Wiseonsin[J].Eeology,1979,60(5):861-868.
[14]Koehunov BI.脆弱生态的概念及分类[J].地理译报,1993,13(1)：36-43.
[15]Weltzin JF, Phesron GM. Implications of percipitation redistribution for shitfs in temperate svanna ecotones[J].Ecology,2000,81(7):1902-1913.
[16]牛文元.生态环境脆弱带ECOTONE的基础判定[J].生态学报,1989,9(2)：97-105.
[17]Gose JR. Ecotone hierarchies[J].Eological Applications,1993,3(3):369-376.
[18]Kolasa J, Zalewski M. Notes on ecotone:attributes and functions[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,303(13):1-7.
[19]何学娟.东北地区农牧交错带的产生与可持续发展[J].大连民族学院学报,2008,10(2)：137-142.
[20]Ted W. Landscape ecological assessment of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,94:39-53.
[21]Kropp JP, Block A, Reusswig F, etal. Semiquantitative assessment of regional climate vulnerability:the north-rhine westphalia study[J].Springer,2006,76:265-290.
[22]Alessa L, Kliskey A, Lammers R, etal. The arctic water resource vulnerability index:an integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater[J].Environmental Management,2008,(42):523-541.
[23]Schroter D, Cramer W, Leemans R, etal. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe[J].Science,2005,310(11):1333-1337.
[24]杨冬梅,任志远,赵昕.生态脆弱区的县域生态安全评价——以神木县为例[J].江西农业学报,2007,19(2)：98-101.
[25]杨冬梅,任志远,赵听,等.生态脆弱区的生态安全评价——以榆林市为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3)：227-232.
[26]姚建,王燕,雷蕾,等.岷江上游生态脆弱性的模糊评价[J].国土资源科技管理,2006,23(2)：90-92.
[27]姚玉璧,张秀云,杨金虎.甘肃省脆弱生态环境定量评价及分区评述[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(5)：120-126.
[28]余坤勇,刘健,黄维友,等.基于GIS技术的闽江流域生态脆弱性分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(3)：568-573.
[29]张玉,苏卫东.西北生态脆弱区城市绿化设计——以银川市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36)：11822-11823,11850.
[30]周毅,李旋旗,赵景柱.中国典型生态脆弱带与贫困相关性分析[J].北京理工大学学报,2008,28(3)：261-263.
[31]邹尚伟,刘颖.西南生态脆弱带土地资源可持续利用探讨[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(5)：156-159.
[32]Harwell MA, Long JF, Bartuska AM, etal. Ecosystem management to achieve ecological sustainability: the case of south Florida[J].Environmental Management,1996,20(4):497-521.
[33]Yarrow MM, Tironi A, Ramirez A, etal. An applied assessment model to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of water quality regulations in Chile[J].Water Resour Manage,2008,22:1531-1543.
[34]Smith ER. An overview of EPA's regional vulnerability assessment (ReVA) program[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2000,64:9-15.
[35]罗夫永,原新,柯娟丽.生态环境脆弱区域土地利用优化模式研究——以新疆阜康市为例[J].社会科学辑刊,2008,1：66-70.
[36]吴华.多源数据支持下的生态环境脆弱性定量遥感研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[37]王经民,江有科.黄土高原生态环境脆弱性计算方法探讨[J].水土保持通报,1996,(3)：32-36.
[38]罗新正,朱坦.河北迁西县山区生态环境脆弱性分区初探[J].山地学报,2002,20(3)：348-353.
[39]陈焕珍.GIS支持下的山东大汶河流域生态脆弱性评价及对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(5)：208-210.
[40]薛娜,李铁松,孙泽峰.邛海流域生态脆弱性研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(13)：132-134.
[41]王永洁,侯建秋,佟金.扎龙湿地生态环境脆弱性研究[J].高师理科学刊,2007,27(6)：65-68.
[42]冷悦山,孙书贤,王宗灵,等.海岛生态环境的脆弱性分析与调控对策[J].海岸工程,2008,27(2)：58-64.
[43]王先华,方小宁,谭李文.铜仁市农业生态环境的脆弱性及可持续发展[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(3)：106-107.
[44]官冬杰,苏维词.基于GIS重庆岩溶地区生态环境脆弱度评价[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3)：211-218.
[45]孙兰东,张富.黑河流域生态系统的气候脆弱性分析[J].人民黄河,2006,28(3)：10-12.
[46]王明全,王金达,刘景双,等.基于物元模型的吉林省西部生态环境脆弱性评价[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2)：291-295.
[47]吴建寨,李波,张新时,等.天山北坡生态经济的脆弱性[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4)：859-865.
[48]王晓峰.陇南地区脆弱生态环境特征分析[J].宁夏师范学院学报(自然科学),2008,29(3)：59-62.
[49]林联盛,张其海,刘木生,等.江西省脆弱生态环境研究现状[J].江西科学,2008：,26(3)：430-434.
[50]雷维运,张玉龙.云南省生态环境脆弱性评价探索[J].环境科学导刊,2008,27(2)：76-79.
[51]Salvati L, Zitti M. Assessing the impact of ecological and economic factors on land degradation vulnerability through multiway analysis[J].Ecological in dicators,2009:357-363.
[52]赵跃龙,张玲娟.脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究[J].地理科学,1998,18(1)：73-78.
[53]史德明,梁音.我国脆弱生态环境的评估与保护[J].水土保持,2002,16(1)：6-10.
[54]冉圣宏,金建君,薛纪愈.脆弱生态区评价的理论与方法[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(1)：116-122.
[55]王让会,宋郁东,樊自立,等.新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的环境质量综合评价[J].环境科学,2001,22(2)：7-11.
[56]李晓秀.北京山区生态系统稳定性评价模型初步研究[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(1)：21-25.
[57]黄民生.福建沿海地区农业生态系统脆弱度模糊综合评判[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,21(3)：95-98.
[58]冉圣宏,毛显强.典型脆弱生态区的稳定性与可持续农业发展[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2000,10(2)：69-71.
[59]孙志高,刘景双.三江自然保护区湿地生态系统生态评价[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(1)：43-48.
[60]Parson EA, Corell RW, Barron EJ. Understamding climatic impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the United States:building a apacity for assessment[J].Climatic Change,2003,57:9-42.
[61]姚建,艾南山,丁晶.中国生态环境脆弱性及其评价研究进展[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3)：77-80.
[62]田静.岷江上游生态脆弱性与演变研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[63]Brandley MP, Smith ER. Using science to assess environmental vulnerabilities[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,94:1-7.
[64]於琍,曹明奎,李克让.全球气候变化背景下生态系统的脆弱性评价[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(1)：61-69.
[65]万洪秀,孙占东,王润.博斯腾湖湿地生态脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(2)：248-254.
[66]宋亚军,赵天忠,孔庆云.内蒙古大兴安岭东南麓生态脆弱性评价[J].中南林业调查规划,2006,25(2)：59-62.
[67]万星,周建中,丁晶,等.岷江上游生态脆弱性综合评价的集对分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,12：33-39.
[68]Adger WN. Vulnerability[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16:268-281.
[69]赵慧霞,吴绍洪,姜鲁光.自然生态系统响应气候变化的脆弱性评价研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2)：445-450.
[70]Chazal Jd, tier FQ, Lavorel S. Including multiple differing stakeholder values into vulnerability assessments of socio-ecological systems[J].Global Environmental change,2008,18:508-520.
[71]Alessaa LNi, Kliskeya AA, Busey R. Freshwater vulnerabilities and resilience on the Seward Peninsula:Integrating multiple dimensions of landscape change[J].Global Environmental Change,2008,18: 256-270.
[72]何磊,刘寿东.通辽市农业生态系统脆弱性评价[J].内蒙古气象,2008,1：35-37.
[73]陈正.人口对生态环境脆弱性影响的相关分析——以陕西榆林为例[J].西安财经学院学报,2008,21(1)：55-58.
[74]廖富强,刘影,叶慕亚.鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性评价及压力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(1)：133-137.
[75]王瑞燕,赵庚星,姜曙千,等.基于遥感及突变理论的生态环境脆弱性时空演变——以黄河三角洲垦利县为例[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(8)：1782-1788.
[76]於琍,曹明奎,陶波,等.基于潜在植被的中国陆地生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性定量评价[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(3)：521-530.
[77]王小丹,钟祥浩,王建平.西藏高原土壤可蚀性及其空间分布规律初步研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3)：343-346.
[78]王介勇,赵庚星,杜春先.基于景观空间结构信息的区域生态脆弱性分析——以黄河三角洲垦利县为例[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(3)：317-321.
[79]王介勇,赵庚星,王样峰,等.论我国生态环境脆弱性及其评估[J].山东农业科学,2004,2：9-11.
[80]罗传秀,潘安定,千怀遂.气候变化下的新疆生态环境脆弱性评价[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(1)：38-43.
[81]龚新梅,汪溪远,潘晓玲,等.新疆塔里木河下游(上段)地区天然草地生态脆弱性研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(2)：230-235.
[82]李荣彪,吕红梅,金光华.基于“3S”技术的喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究——以都匀市为例[J].贵州环保科技,2006,12(4)：21-29.
[83]贺秋华,张丹,陈朝猛,等.GIS支持下的黔中地区生态环境敏感性评估[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(3)：413-417.
[84]谭媛.RS和GIS支持下景区生态脆弱性研究及旅游资源评价——以大富庵景区为例[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[85]荆玉平,张树文,李颖.奈曼旗生态脆弱性及空间分异特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2)：159-164.
[86]冷中笑,格丽玛,努尔巴依,等.GIS支持下的艾比湖流域功能分区的研究[J].乌鲁木齐职业大学学报.2005,14(4)：14-19.
[87]李遐玲.艾比湖生态环境综合治理和经济可持续发展的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(2)：27-36.
[88]陈蜀江,侯平,李文华,等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆科学技术出版社,2006.
[89]黄镇,何清.艾比湖面积的遥感气候学分析[J].新疆气象,2002,25(3)：5-6.
[90]李艳红.新疆艾比湖流域水资源承载力研究[D].华东师范大学博士论文,2006.
[91]格丽玛.新疆艾比湖流域近45年来气候变化及其影响研究[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[92]李文化,郭江平,赵强.新疆艾比湖荒漠生态保护区建设条件及规划[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(3)：278-282.
[93]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆科技卫生出版社,1992.
[94]郭振华.基于RS和GIS的艾比湖流域土壤盐渍化研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[95]汪军能,张落成.艾比湖流域水资源变化与区域响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4)：157-161.
[96]张瑞芳,李虎,金海龙,等.新疆艾比湖地区绿洲化与荒漠化的冲突与协调[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2)：44-49.
[97]刘晓,陈正江,高凡.基于水量调控防治艾比湖流域沙尘天气灾害的设想[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6)：92-94.
[98]李虎.基于RS与GIS的新疆艾比湖地区土地荒漠化监测评价研究[D].南京大学博士学位论文,2004.
[99]曾庆江.艾比湖近期入湖水量及其变化[J].干旱区地理,1995,18(2)：17-23.
[100]乔传明.艾比湖水面蒸发量及生态环境保护[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(2)：63-67.
[101]钱云.艾比湖沿岸生态环境的演变与保护的重要意义[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(1)：48-52.
[102]周长海.艾比湖生态危机及恢复重建措施[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(2)：71-77.
[103]刘惠英,陈磊.基于MODIS的艾比湖湖面遥感监测研究[J].南昌工程学院学报,2007,26(4)：57-61.
[104]王前进,巴音查汗,马道典,等.艾比湖水面近50a变化成因分析[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2)：224-228.
[105]新疆地理学会.新版地理手册.乌鲁木齐：新疆人民出版社,1993：1-172.
[106]董新光,刘丰,郭西万.新疆艾比湖闭流域水资源合理开发与环境保护[J].新疆农业大学学报,1998,21(4)：301-307.
[107]于雪英,江南.基于RS、GIS技术的湖面变化信息提取与分析——以艾比湖为例[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1)：24-25.
[108]唐海萍,陈海滨,李传哲,等.基于KJ法的艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(3)：337-342.
[109]贾春光,王晓峰,杨龙,等.艾比湖水位变化对湖区生态效益影响的初探[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3)：141-144.
[110]黄宗亮.新疆艾比湖流域社会经济与生态环境耦合关系研究[D].新疆师范大学硕士论文,2006.
[111]包安明,张小雷,方晖,等.MODIS数据在新疆生态环境建设中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(2)：256-260.
[112]马俊英,李新琪.艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理措施研究[J].新疆环境保护,2005,27(2)：5-7.
[113]王学平.遥感图像几何校正原理及效果分析[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(9)：102-105.
[114]Vermote EF, Tanre D, Deuze JL, etal. The Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum(6S), User's Guide.France:Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique,1997.
[115]池宏康,周广胜,许振柱,等.表观反射率及其在植被遥感中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1)：74-80.
[116]吴晓旭,邹学勇,格日乐.基于“3S”技术的内蒙古乌审旗景观格局研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5)：808-814.
[117]邬建国.景观生态学--概念与理论[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(1)：42-52.
[118]马明国,王雪梅,角媛梅,等.基于RS与GIS的干旱区绿洲景观格局变化研究--以金塔绿洲为例[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4)：723-727.
[119]戴昌达,姜小光,唐伶俐.遥感图像应用处理与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：107-110.
[120]Vapnik VN. The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory[M].Second Edition, New York:Springer,2000.
[121]Cortes C, Vapnik VN. Support Vector Networks. Machine Learning,1995,20.
[122]Vapnik VN. Statistical learning theory [M]. New York:Wiley Publishers Science,1998.
[123]Muller KR. An Introduction to kernel-Based Learning Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,2001,12(2):181-201.
[124]Congalton RG. A review of assessing the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed data [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,1991,37:35-46.
[125]Lucas IF, Frans JM, Wei VD. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived landcover data:a review [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering& Remote Sensing,1994,60(4):410-432.
[126]肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[127]肖笃宁,布仁仓,李秀珍.生态空间理论与景观异质性[J].生态学报,1997,17(5)：453-461.
[128]王光谦,王思远,陈志祥.黄河流域的土地利用和土地覆被变化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(9)：1218-1222.
[129]张树文,张养贞,李颖,等.东北地区土地利用/覆被时空特征分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[130]黄钱,赵智杰,姜末文.塔里木河下游垦区土地利用／覆盖动态变化过程分析[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6)：894-901.
[131]宋艳暾,余世孝,李楠,等.深圳快速城市化过程中的景观类型转化动态[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4)：788-794.
[132]黄华兵.基于遥感与GIS的景观类型信息提取及景观格局分析[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2005：39-43.
[133]杨国靖,肖笃宁,成章.基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(1)：27-32.
[134]黄俊芳,王俊芳,师庆东.基于RS与GIS的三工河流域生态景观格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3)：33-37.
[135]Riitters KH, Neill RV, Hunsaker CT, etal. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics[J].Landscape Ecol,1995,10(1):23-39.
[136]李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(1)：123-134.
[137]布仁仓,李秀珍,胡远满,等.尺度分析对景观格局指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12)：2181-2186.
[138]申卫军,邬建国,林永标,等.空间幅度变化对景观格局分析的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11)：2219-2231.
[139]赵文武,傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观指数的粒度变化效应[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(3)：326-333.
[140]Lioubimtseva E. An evaluation of Vegetation-1 imagery for broad-scale landscape mapping of Russia: effects of resolution on landscape pattern[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,65:187-200.
[141]常学礼,张安定,杨华,等.科尔沁沙地景观研究中的尺度效应[J].生态学报,2003,23(4)：635-641.
[142]Frohn RC. Remote sensing for landscape ecology:new metric indicators for monitoring, modeling and assessment of ecosystem[M]. Boca Raton, Florida:LevisPublishers,1998:50-78.
[143]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[144]李哈滨,伍业刚,刘建国.景观生态学的数量研究方法[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,1992：209-234..
[145]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[146]李书娟,曾辉.遥感技术在景观生态学研究中的应用[J].遥感学报,2002,6(3)：233-239.
[147]刘燕华,李秀彬.脆弱生态环境与可持续发展[M].北京：商务印书馆,2001：32-61.
[148]欧阳慧,欧阳旭.我国西部生态脆弱地区空间发展策略研究——以内蒙古阿拉善左旗为例[J].开发研究,2008,2：14-17.
[149]Renard KG, Foster GR, Weesies GA, etal. Predicting Soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) [J].Agricultural Handbook No.537, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,1997,47-55.
[150]田成诗.城市可持续发展水平的指标体系及评价初探[J].统计与信息论坛,2003,18(3)：27-29.
[151]Mark D. Sustainable urban development:framework and assessment methods[J]. Journal of environment assessment policy and anagement,2002,4(2):171-197.
[152]汤国安.地理信息系统空间分析试验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006,368-369.
[153]沈珍瑶.关联分析方法用于指标体系的筛选[J].数学的实践与认识,2002,32(5)：728-732.
[154]吕晓芳,王仰麟,张镜铿,等.宁夏中部生态脆弱区土地利用变化及沙漠化响应——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(6)：1157-1165.
[155]史永亮,王如松,周海波,等.南疆生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态影响评价——以新疆阿克苏市为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(7)：753-758.
[156]王经武,王娟.水土保持是生态环境建设的主体[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(3)：11-12.
[157]马国斌.基于GIS的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究[D].南京师范大学,2003.
[158]朱显谟.泾河流域土壤侵蚀现象及其演变[J].土壤学报,1954,2(4)：209-222.
[159]张东云.河北省土壤侵蚀敏感性分级及其区划研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[160]鲁韦坤,杨树华.基于3S的玉溪市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价研究[J].云南环境科学,2006,25(2)：57-59.
[161]杨娟,葛剑平,李庆斌.基于GIS和USLE的卧龙地区小流域土壤侵蚀预报[J].清华大学学报,2006,46(9)：1526-1529.
[162]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,1996,16(5)：1-20.
[163]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4)：4-17.
[164]李苗苗,吴炳方,颜长珍,等.密云水库上游植被覆盖度的遥感估算[J].资源科学,2004,26(4)：153-159.
[165]刘吉峰,李世杰,秦宁生,等.青海湖流域土壤可蚀性k值研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6)：321-326.
[166]卜兆宏,李全英.土壤可蚀性(K)值图编制方法的初步研究[J].农村生态环境(学报),1995,11(1)：5-9.
[167]梁音,史学正.长江以南东部丘陵山区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2)：47-52.
[168]刘晓琼,刘彦随,延军平,等.生态脆弱区多年气候变化特征分析——以陕西榆林市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(1)：55-60.
[169]王茜.基于GIS和RS的冀北地区土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[170]张东云,李会川,王茜.基于GIS技术的河北省土壤侵蚀敏感性分区研究[J].邯郸学院学报,2006,16(3)：87-90.
[171]塔西甫拉提·特依拜,张飞,赵睿,等.新疆干旱区土地盐渍化信息提取及实证分析[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4)：625-630.
[172]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京：高等教育出版,1996：224-229.
[173]胡克林,余艳,张凤荣,等.北京郊区土壤有机质含量的时空变异及其影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4)：764-771.
[174]李军,游松财,黄敬峰.中国1961-2000年月平均气温空间插值方法与空间分布[J].生态环境,2006,15(1)：109-114.
[175]胡克林,张凤荣,吕贻忠,等.北京市大兴区土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(3)：463-468.
[176]Zhang SR, Sun B, Zhao Q, etal. Temporal-spatial variability of soil organic carbon stocks in rehabilitating ecosystem[J].Pedosphere,2004,14(4):501-508.
[177]Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Novak JM, etal. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central low a soils[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1994,58:1501-1511.
[178]胡宝清,金姝兰.基于GIS技术的广西喀斯特生态环境脆弱性综合评价[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1)：103-107.
[179]王虹.基于RS、GIS的资源与生态环境动态监测——以内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗为例[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2004：1-72.
[180]闫顺.艾比湖周边地区环境演变与对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,1996,10(1)：30-37.
[181]陈秋红.生态脆弱区草原蓄发展问题研究——基于呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗的调查[J].调查归来,2008,5：32-33.
[182]刘绍文,毛佳心.新疆艾比湖生态环境现状与保护可行性研究[J].石河子大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,1(3)：32-34.
[183]陈强,陈正江.基于系统动力学的艾比湖沿岸生态环境问题分析及对策[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2)：33-35.
[184]李遐玲.艾比湖生态演变趋势和综合治理的对策[J].边疆经济与文化,2004,(1)：4-10.
[185]高翔,黄宗亮.艾比湖湖面萎缩与流域生态环境恶化之间的关系[J].新疆师范大学学报,2006,25(1)：83-86.
[186]贾宝全.保护艾比湖生态环境的目标与途径的探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(2)：81-87.
[2]姚建.岷江上游生态脆弱性分析及评价[D].四川大学博士学位论文,2004.
[3]商彦蕊.自然灾害综合研究的新进展——脆弱性研究[J].地域研究与开发,2000,19(2)：73-77.
[4]朱馨蕾,黄培祐.艾比湖湖周生境恶化及其恢复对策[J].新疆环境保护,2004,26(3)：36-38.
[5]李虎,高俊峰,王晓峰,等.新疆艾比湖湿地土地荒漠化动态监测研究[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(2)：127-132.
[6]宫恒瑞.基于遥感技术的艾比湖地区荒漠化监测研究[D].新疆农业大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[7]赵平,彭少麟,张经炜.生态系统的脆弱性与退化生态系统[J].热带亚热带植物学报,1998,6(3)：179-186.
[8]王让会,樊自立.塔里木河流域生态脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱环境监测,1998,12(4)：39-44.
[9]赵桂久,刘燕华,赵名茶.生态环境综合整治与恢复技术研究——退化生态综合整治、恢复与重建示范工程技术研究[M].北京：北京科学技术出版社,1995.
[10]邓楠.九十年代中国环境科学技术的使命与发展战略[J].环境工作通讯,1991,(1)：28-29.
[11]黄益斌,崔广柏,朱德明.太湖生态脆弱性特征与消除对策的初步探讨[J].湖泊科学,1999,11(4)：316-321.
[12]李佳,吴军年,杜哲.生态脆弱地区资源-环境-经济协调发展程度评价——以民勤地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1)：118-123.
[13]Kline V, Cottma G. Vegetational response to climate and fire in the dritfless area of Wiseonsin[J].Eeology,1979,60(5):861-868.
[14]Koehunov BI.脆弱生态的概念及分类[J].地理译报,1993,13(1)：36-43.
[15]Weltzin JF, Phesron GM. Implications of percipitation redistribution for shitfs in temperate svanna ecotones[J].Ecology,2000,81(7):1902-1913.
[16]牛文元.生态环境脆弱带ECOTONE的基础判定[J].生态学报,1989,9(2)：97-105.
[17]Gose JR. Ecotone hierarchies[J].Eological Applications,1993,3(3):369-376.
[18]Kolasa J, Zalewski M. Notes on ecotone:attributes and functions[J].Hydrobiologia,1995,303(13):1-7.
[19]何学娟.东北地区农牧交错带的产生与可持续发展[J].大连民族学院学报,2008,10(2)：137-142.
[20]Ted W. Landscape ecological assessment of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,94:39-53.
[21]Kropp JP, Block A, Reusswig F, etal. Semiquantitative assessment of regional climate vulnerability:the north-rhine westphalia study[J].Springer,2006,76:265-290.
[22]Alessa L, Kliskey A, Lammers R, etal. The arctic water resource vulnerability index:an integrated assessment tool for community resilience and vulnerability with respect to freshwater[J].Environmental Management,2008,(42):523-541.
[23]Schroter D, Cramer W, Leemans R, etal. Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe[J].Science,2005,310(11):1333-1337.
[24]杨冬梅,任志远,赵昕.生态脆弱区的县域生态安全评价——以神木县为例[J].江西农业学报,2007,19(2)：98-101.
[25]杨冬梅,任志远,赵听,等.生态脆弱区的生态安全评价——以榆林市为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3)：227-232.
[26]姚建,王燕,雷蕾,等.岷江上游生态脆弱性的模糊评价[J].国土资源科技管理,2006,23(2)：90-92.
[27]姚玉璧,张秀云,杨金虎.甘肃省脆弱生态环境定量评价及分区评述[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(5)：120-126.
[28]余坤勇,刘健,黄维友,等.基于GIS技术的闽江流域生态脆弱性分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(3)：568-573.
[29]张玉,苏卫东.西北生态脆弱区城市绿化设计——以银川市为例[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(36)：11822-11823,11850.
[30]周毅,李旋旗,赵景柱.中国典型生态脆弱带与贫困相关性分析[J].北京理工大学学报,2008,28(3)：261-263.
[31]邹尚伟,刘颖.西南生态脆弱带土地资源可持续利用探讨[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(5)：156-159.
[32]Harwell MA, Long JF, Bartuska AM, etal. Ecosystem management to achieve ecological sustainability: the case of south Florida[J].Environmental Management,1996,20(4):497-521.
[33]Yarrow MM, Tironi A, Ramirez A, etal. An applied assessment model to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of water quality regulations in Chile[J].Water Resour Manage,2008,22:1531-1543.
[34]Smith ER. An overview of EPA's regional vulnerability assessment (ReVA) program[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2000,64:9-15.
[35]罗夫永,原新,柯娟丽.生态环境脆弱区域土地利用优化模式研究——以新疆阜康市为例[J].社会科学辑刊,2008,1：66-70.
[36]吴华.多源数据支持下的生态环境脆弱性定量遥感研究[D].福建师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[37]王经民,江有科.黄土高原生态环境脆弱性计算方法探讨[J].水土保持通报,1996,(3)：32-36.
[38]罗新正,朱坦.河北迁西县山区生态环境脆弱性分区初探[J].山地学报,2002,20(3)：348-353.
[39]陈焕珍.GIS支持下的山东大汶河流域生态脆弱性评价及对策[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(5)：208-210.
[40]薛娜,李铁松,孙泽峰.邛海流域生态脆弱性研究[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(13)：132-134.
[41]王永洁,侯建秋,佟金.扎龙湿地生态环境脆弱性研究[J].高师理科学刊,2007,27(6)：65-68.
[42]冷悦山,孙书贤,王宗灵,等.海岛生态环境的脆弱性分析与调控对策[J].海岸工程,2008,27(2)：58-64.
[43]王先华,方小宁,谭李文.铜仁市农业生态环境的脆弱性及可持续发展[J].河北农业科学,2008,12(3)：106-107.
[44]官冬杰,苏维词.基于GIS重庆岩溶地区生态环境脆弱度评价[J].中国岩溶,2006,25(3)：211-218.
[45]孙兰东,张富.黑河流域生态系统的气候脆弱性分析[J].人民黄河,2006,28(3)：10-12.
[46]王明全,王金达,刘景双,等.基于物元模型的吉林省西部生态环境脆弱性评价[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(2)：291-295.
[47]吴建寨,李波,张新时,等.天山北坡生态经济的脆弱性[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4)：859-865.
[48]王晓峰.陇南地区脆弱生态环境特征分析[J].宁夏师范学院学报(自然科学),2008,29(3)：59-62.
[49]林联盛,张其海,刘木生,等.江西省脆弱生态环境研究现状[J].江西科学,2008：,26(3)：430-434.
[50]雷维运,张玉龙.云南省生态环境脆弱性评价探索[J].环境科学导刊,2008,27(2)：76-79.
[51]Salvati L, Zitti M. Assessing the impact of ecological and economic factors on land degradation vulnerability through multiway analysis[J].Ecological in dicators,2009:357-363.
[52]赵跃龙,张玲娟.脆弱生态环境定量评价方法的研究[J].地理科学,1998,18(1)：73-78.
[53]史德明,梁音.我国脆弱生态环境的评估与保护[J].水土保持,2002,16(1)：6-10.
[54]冉圣宏,金建君,薛纪愈.脆弱生态区评价的理论与方法[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(1)：116-122.
[55]王让会,宋郁东,樊自立,等.新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的环境质量综合评价[J].环境科学,2001,22(2)：7-11.
[56]李晓秀.北京山区生态系统稳定性评价模型初步研究[J].农村生态环境,2000,16(1)：21-25.
[57]黄民生.福建沿海地区农业生态系统脆弱度模糊综合评判[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,21(3)：95-98.
[58]冉圣宏,毛显强.典型脆弱生态区的稳定性与可持续农业发展[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2000,10(2)：69-71.
[59]孙志高,刘景双.三江自然保护区湿地生态系统生态评价[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(1)：43-48.
[60]Parson EA, Corell RW, Barron EJ. Understamding climatic impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the United States:building a apacity for assessment[J].Climatic Change,2003,57:9-42.
[61]姚建,艾南山,丁晶.中国生态环境脆弱性及其评价研究进展[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,39(3)：77-80.
[62]田静.岷江上游生态脆弱性与演变研究[D].四川大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[63]Brandley MP, Smith ER. Using science to assess environmental vulnerabilities[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,94:1-7.
[64]於琍,曹明奎,李克让.全球气候变化背景下生态系统的脆弱性评价[J].地理科学进展,2005,24(1)：61-69.
[65]万洪秀,孙占东,王润.博斯腾湖湿地生态脆弱性评价研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(2)：248-254.
[66]宋亚军,赵天忠,孔庆云.内蒙古大兴安岭东南麓生态脆弱性评价[J].中南林业调查规划,2006,25(2)：59-62.
[67]万星,周建中,丁晶,等.岷江上游生态脆弱性综合评价的集对分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2006,12：33-39.
[68]Adger WN. Vulnerability[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16:268-281.
[69]赵慧霞,吴绍洪,姜鲁光.自然生态系统响应气候变化的脆弱性评价研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(2)：445-450.
[70]Chazal Jd, tier FQ, Lavorel S. Including multiple differing stakeholder values into vulnerability assessments of socio-ecological systems[J].Global Environmental change,2008,18:508-520.
[71]Alessaa LNi, Kliskeya AA, Busey R. Freshwater vulnerabilities and resilience on the Seward Peninsula:Integrating multiple dimensions of landscape change[J].Global Environmental Change,2008,18: 256-270.
[72]何磊,刘寿东.通辽市农业生态系统脆弱性评价[J].内蒙古气象,2008,1：35-37.
[73]陈正.人口对生态环境脆弱性影响的相关分析——以陕西榆林为例[J].西安财经学院学报,2008,21(1)：55-58.
[74]廖富强,刘影,叶慕亚.鄱阳湖典型湿地生态环境脆弱性评价及压力分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(1)：133-137.
[75]王瑞燕,赵庚星,姜曙千,等.基于遥感及突变理论的生态环境脆弱性时空演变——以黄河三角洲垦利县为例[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(8)：1782-1788.
[76]於琍,曹明奎,陶波,等.基于潜在植被的中国陆地生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性定量评价[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(3)：521-530.
[77]王小丹,钟祥浩,王建平.西藏高原土壤可蚀性及其空间分布规律初步研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(3)：343-346.
[78]王介勇,赵庚星,杜春先.基于景观空间结构信息的区域生态脆弱性分析——以黄河三角洲垦利县为例[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(3)：317-321.
[79]王介勇,赵庚星,王样峰,等.论我国生态环境脆弱性及其评估[J].山东农业科学,2004,2：9-11.
[80]罗传秀,潘安定,千怀遂.气候变化下的新疆生态环境脆弱性评价[J].干旱环境监测,2006,20(1)：38-43.
[81]龚新梅,汪溪远,潘晓玲,等.新疆塔里木河下游(上段)地区天然草地生态脆弱性研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(2)：230-235.
[82]李荣彪,吕红梅,金光华.基于“3S”技术的喀斯特山区生态环境脆弱性研究——以都匀市为例[J].贵州环保科技,2006,12(4)：21-29.
[83]贺秋华,张丹,陈朝猛,等.GIS支持下的黔中地区生态环境敏感性评估[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(3)：413-417.
[84]谭媛.RS和GIS支持下景区生态脆弱性研究及旅游资源评价——以大富庵景区为例[D].北京林业大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[85]荆玉平,张树文,李颖.奈曼旗生态脆弱性及空间分异特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(2)：159-164.
[86]冷中笑,格丽玛,努尔巴依,等.GIS支持下的艾比湖流域功能分区的研究[J].乌鲁木齐职业大学学报.2005,14(4)：14-19.
[87]李遐玲.艾比湖生态环境综合治理和经济可持续发展的研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(2)：27-36.
[88]陈蜀江,侯平,李文华,等.新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区综合科学考察[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆科学技术出版社,2006.
[89]黄镇,何清.艾比湖面积的遥感气候学分析[J].新疆气象,2002,25(3)：5-6.
[90]李艳红.新疆艾比湖流域水资源承载力研究[D].华东师范大学博士论文,2006.
[91]格丽玛.新疆艾比湖流域近45年来气候变化及其影响研究[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[92]李文化,郭江平,赵强.新疆艾比湖荒漠生态保护区建设条件及规划[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(3)：278-282.
[93]新疆植物志编辑委员会.新疆植物志[M].乌鲁木齐：新疆科技卫生出版社,1992.
[94]郭振华.基于RS和GIS的艾比湖流域土壤盐渍化研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[95]汪军能,张落成.艾比湖流域水资源变化与区域响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(4)：157-161.
[96]张瑞芳,李虎,金海龙,等.新疆艾比湖地区绿洲化与荒漠化的冲突与协调[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2)：44-49.
[97]刘晓,陈正江,高凡.基于水量调控防治艾比湖流域沙尘天气灾害的设想[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(6)：92-94.
[98]李虎.基于RS与GIS的新疆艾比湖地区土地荒漠化监测评价研究[D].南京大学博士学位论文,2004.
[99]曾庆江.艾比湖近期入湖水量及其变化[J].干旱区地理,1995,18(2)：17-23.
[100]乔传明.艾比湖水面蒸发量及生态环境保护[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(2)：63-67.
[101]钱云.艾比湖沿岸生态环境的演变与保护的重要意义[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(1)：48-52.
[102]周长海.艾比湖生态危机及恢复重建措施[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(2)：71-77.
[103]刘惠英,陈磊.基于MODIS的艾比湖湖面遥感监测研究[J].南昌工程学院学报,2007,26(4)：57-61.
[104]王前进,巴音查汗,马道典,等.艾比湖水面近50a变化成因分析[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(2)：224-228.
[105]新疆地理学会.新版地理手册.乌鲁木齐：新疆人民出版社,1993：1-172.
[106]董新光,刘丰,郭西万.新疆艾比湖闭流域水资源合理开发与环境保护[J].新疆农业大学学报,1998,21(4)：301-307.
[107]于雪英,江南.基于RS、GIS技术的湖面变化信息提取与分析——以艾比湖为例[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(1)：24-25.
[108]唐海萍,陈海滨,李传哲,等.基于KJ法的艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(3)：337-342.
[109]贾春光,王晓峰,杨龙,等.艾比湖水位变化对湖区生态效益影响的初探[J].新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(3)：141-144.
[110]黄宗亮.新疆艾比湖流域社会经济与生态环境耦合关系研究[D].新疆师范大学硕士论文,2006.
[111]包安明,张小雷,方晖,等.MODIS数据在新疆生态环境建设中的应用[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(2)：256-260.
[112]马俊英,李新琪.艾比湖流域生态环境综合治理措施研究[J].新疆环境保护,2005,27(2)：5-7.
[113]王学平.遥感图像几何校正原理及效果分析[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(9)：102-105.
[114]Vermote EF, Tanre D, Deuze JL, etal. The Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum(6S), User's Guide.France:Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique,1997.
[115]池宏康,周广胜,许振柱,等.表观反射率及其在植被遥感中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2005,29(1)：74-80.
[116]吴晓旭,邹学勇,格日乐.基于“3S”技术的内蒙古乌审旗景观格局研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5)：808-814.
[117]邬建国.景观生态学--概念与理论[J].生态学杂志,2000,19(1)：42-52.
[118]马明国,王雪梅,角媛梅,等.基于RS与GIS的干旱区绿洲景观格局变化研究--以金塔绿洲为例[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4)：723-727.
[119]戴昌达,姜小光,唐伶俐.遥感图像应用处理与分析[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：107-110.
[120]Vapnik VN. The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory[M].Second Edition, New York:Springer,2000.
[121]Cortes C, Vapnik VN. Support Vector Networks. Machine Learning,1995,20.
[122]Vapnik VN. Statistical learning theory [M]. New York:Wiley Publishers Science,1998.
[123]Muller KR. An Introduction to kernel-Based Learning Algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks,2001,12(2):181-201.
[124]Congalton RG. A review of assessing the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed data [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,1991,37:35-46.
[125]Lucas IF, Frans JM, Wei VD. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived landcover data:a review [J]. Photogrammetric Engineering& Remote Sensing,1994,60(4):410-432.
[126]肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观生态学[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[127]肖笃宁,布仁仓,李秀珍.生态空间理论与景观异质性[J].生态学报,1997,17(5)：453-461.
[128]王光谦,王思远,陈志祥.黄河流域的土地利用和土地覆被变化[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2004,44(9)：1218-1222.
[129]张树文,张养贞,李颖,等.东北地区土地利用/覆被时空特征分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[130]黄钱,赵智杰,姜末文.塔里木河下游垦区土地利用／覆盖动态变化过程分析[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6)：894-901.
[131]宋艳暾,余世孝,李楠,等.深圳快速城市化过程中的景观类型转化动态[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4)：788-794.
[132]黄华兵.基于遥感与GIS的景观类型信息提取及景观格局分析[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2005：39-43.
[133]杨国靖,肖笃宁,成章.基于GIS的祁连山森林景观格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(1)：27-32.
[134]黄俊芳,王俊芳,师庆东.基于RS与GIS的三工河流域生态景观格局分析[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3)：33-37.
[135]Riitters KH, Neill RV, Hunsaker CT, etal. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics[J].Landscape Ecol,1995,10(1):23-39.
[136]李秀珍,布仁仓,常禹,等.景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J].生态学报,2004,24(1)：123-134.
[137]布仁仓,李秀珍,胡远满,等.尺度分析对景观格局指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(12)：2181-2186.
[138]申卫军,邬建国,林永标,等.空间幅度变化对景观格局分析的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11)：2219-2231.
[139]赵文武,傅伯杰,陈利顶.景观指数的粒度变化效应[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(3)：326-333.
[140]Lioubimtseva E. An evaluation of Vegetation-1 imagery for broad-scale landscape mapping of Russia: effects of resolution on landscape pattern[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,65:187-200.
[141]常学礼,张安定,杨华,等.科尔沁沙地景观研究中的尺度效应[J].生态学报,2003,23(4)：635-641.
[142]Frohn RC. Remote sensing for landscape ecology:new metric indicators for monitoring, modeling and assessment of ecosystem[M]. Boca Raton, Florida:LevisPublishers,1998:50-78.
[143]邬建国.景观生态学--格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000.
[144]李哈滨,伍业刚,刘建国.景观生态学的数量研究方法[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,1992：209-234..
[145]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
[146]李书娟,曾辉.遥感技术在景观生态学研究中的应用[J].遥感学报,2002,6(3)：233-239.
[147]刘燕华,李秀彬.脆弱生态环境与可持续发展[M].北京：商务印书馆,2001：32-61.
[148]欧阳慧,欧阳旭.我国西部生态脆弱地区空间发展策略研究——以内蒙古阿拉善左旗为例[J].开发研究,2008,2：14-17.
[149]Renard KG, Foster GR, Weesies GA, etal. Predicting Soil Erosion by Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning With the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) [J].Agricultural Handbook No.537, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,1997,47-55.
[150]田成诗.城市可持续发展水平的指标体系及评价初探[J].统计与信息论坛,2003,18(3)：27-29.
[151]Mark D. Sustainable urban development:framework and assessment methods[J]. Journal of environment assessment policy and anagement,2002,4(2):171-197.
[152]汤国安.地理信息系统空间分析试验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2006,368-369.
[153]沈珍瑶.关联分析方法用于指标体系的筛选[J].数学的实践与认识,2002,32(5)：728-732.
[154]吕晓芳,王仰麟,张镜铿,等.宁夏中部生态脆弱区土地利用变化及沙漠化响应——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(6)：1157-1165.
[155]史永亮,王如松,周海波,等.南疆生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态影响评价——以新疆阿克苏市为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(7)：753-758.
[156]王经武,王娟.水土保持是生态环境建设的主体[J].水土保持研究,2000,7(3)：11-12.
[157]马国斌.基于GIS的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价研究[D].南京师范大学,2003.
[158]朱显谟.泾河流域土壤侵蚀现象及其演变[J].土壤学报,1954,2(4)：209-222.
[159]张东云.河北省土壤侵蚀敏感性分级及其区划研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[160]鲁韦坤,杨树华.基于3S的玉溪市土壤侵蚀敏感性评价研究[J].云南环境科学,2006,25(2)：57-59.
[161]杨娟,葛剑平,李庆斌.基于GIS和USLE的卧龙地区小流域土壤侵蚀预报[J].清华大学学报,2006,46(9)：1526-1529.
[162]王万忠,焦菊英.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,1996,16(5)：1-20.
[163]朱立安,李定强,魏秀国,等.广东省土壤可蚀性现状及影响因素分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2007,19(4)：4-17.
[164]李苗苗,吴炳方,颜长珍,等.密云水库上游植被覆盖度的遥感估算[J].资源科学,2004,26(4)：153-159.
[165]刘吉峰,李世杰,秦宁生,等.青海湖流域土壤可蚀性k值研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(6)：321-326.
[166]卜兆宏,李全英.土壤可蚀性(K)值图编制方法的初步研究[J].农村生态环境(学报),1995,11(1)：5-9.
[167]梁音,史学正.长江以南东部丘陵山区土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(2)：47-52.
[168]刘晓琼,刘彦随,延军平,等.生态脆弱区多年气候变化特征分析——以陕西榆林市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2008,22(1)：55-60.
[169]王茜.基于GIS和RS的冀北地区土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系研究[D].河北师范大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[170]张东云,李会川,王茜.基于GIS技术的河北省土壤侵蚀敏感性分区研究[J].邯郸学院学报,2006,16(3)：87-90.
[171]塔西甫拉提·特依拜,张飞,赵睿,等.新疆干旱区土地盐渍化信息提取及实证分析[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4)：625-630.
[172]徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京：高等教育出版,1996：224-229.
[173]胡克林,余艳,张凤荣,等.北京郊区土壤有机质含量的时空变异及其影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4)：764-771.
[174]李军,游松财,黄敬峰.中国1961-2000年月平均气温空间插值方法与空间分布[J].生态环境,2006,15(1)：109-114.
[175]胡克林,张凤荣,吕贻忠,等.北京市大兴区土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(3)：463-468.
[176]Zhang SR, Sun B, Zhao Q, etal. Temporal-spatial variability of soil organic carbon stocks in rehabilitating ecosystem[J].Pedosphere,2004,14(4):501-508.
[177]Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Novak JM, etal. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central low a soils[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,1994,58:1501-1511.
[178]胡宝清,金姝兰.基于GIS技术的广西喀斯特生态环境脆弱性综合评价[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1)：103-107.
[179]王虹.基于RS、GIS的资源与生态环境动态监测——以内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗为例[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2004：1-72.
[180]闫顺.艾比湖周边地区环境演变与对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,1996,10(1)：30-37.
[181]陈秋红.生态脆弱区草原蓄发展问题研究——基于呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗的调查[J].调查归来,2008,5：32-33.
[182]刘绍文,毛佳心.新疆艾比湖生态环境现状与保护可行性研究[J].石河子大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001,1(3)：32-34.
[183]陈强,陈正江.基于系统动力学的艾比湖沿岸生态环境问题分析及对策[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(2)：33-35.
[184]李遐玲.艾比湖生态演变趋势和综合治理的对策[J].边疆经济与文化,2004,(1)：4-10.
[185]高翔,黄宗亮.艾比湖湖面萎缩与流域生态环境恶化之间的关系[J].新疆师范大学学报,2006,25(1)：83-86.
[186]贾宝全.保护艾比湖生态环境的目标与途径的探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(2)：81-87.