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成都地区土壤氟的形态特征及其生物有效性研究
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摘要
氟是人体和其他动物的必需元素却又是有害元素,环境中氟的过量和缺乏都会影响到人体健康,出现地方性氟病。本论文主要对成都地区土壤中总氟及各形态氟的分布进行了研究并对其生物有效性进行了分析研究。
     论文主要研究结果如下:
     1.土壤中氟含量测定方法的研究结果
     对三种氟的选择性电极测定方法进行了比较,分别是标准曲线法、TISAB标准加入法、高氯酸标准加入法。结果显示TISAB标准加入法有更好的回收率,加标回收率在87.1%~102.5%之间,平均达97.1%。
     2.土壤中水溶态氟提取最优化条件的研究结果
     本论文主要从四个提取条件进行了研究,确定的最佳测定条件为:土壤样品粒度60目、水土比10:1、浸提温度60℃、浸提时间30min。
     3.成都地区土壤中氟分布及各形态氟分析研究结果
     通过对成都地区土壤中总氟及各形态氟的分布的分析,来考查成都地区环境中氟的分布规律。分析研究发现,成都地区土壤中各形态氟呈如下趋势:残余态>>有机束缚态>可交换态>水溶态>铁锰结合态。土壤中总氟平均含量为507.061mg/kg。与土壤含氟标准对比较略高于二级土壤的上线(二级土壤为:300—500 mg/kg)。且分布较为均匀,其中,城西氟含量最高。进行了土壤的理化性质检测,成都土壤主要属于酸性土壤。
     通过建立土壤中各形态氟与土壤理化性质之间的逐步回归方程,找出了对于土壤各形态氟含量的影响因素,发现最主要的影响因素是:pH、CaCO_3含量、CEC和铝含量。
     4.成都地区氟的生物有效性分析结果
     通过对成都菜地内十字花科植物菠菜、芹菜、白菜、萝卜四种蔬菜根、茎、叶中总氟的分析测定,进行了成都地区氟的生物有效性分析,研究了土壤中各形态氟及土壤理化性质对植物体内氟含量的影响。
Fluorine is both harmful element and necessary element tohuman and some otheranimals. In environment, whenever fluorine is excessive or lack, it can affect thehealth of human, bring epidemic fluorosis. The distribution of total fluorine and otherspecies of fluorine in Chengdu soil and their biological validity are studied in thethesis.
     The major research result is as follows:
     1. The research result of mensuration method of fluorine content in soil
     The three determination methods of fluorine were compared .Among standardcurve method, TISAB standard additions method and perchloric acid standardadditions method. TISAB standard additions method gives the highest averagerecovery of 97.1%(ranging 87.1%~102.5%).
     2. The research of optimization condition of leaching water-soluble fluorine in soilsamples
     Four optimization conditions have been maked: size of soil granule: 60 mech, theratio of water to soil: 10:1, distilled temperature: 60℃, leaching time: 30 min.
     3. Distribution of total soil-fluorine and analysis of other species of fluorine in soilsamples
     The distributions of soil-fluorine in Chengdu have been investigated: Res-F>>O.M.-F>Ex-F>Ws-F>Fe/Mn-F, and that, average content of soil fluorine is507.061 mg/kg. Compared with soil standard contained fluorine, that is higher thanthe last line of 2nd level soils fairly(The fluorine content in the 2nd level soils is: 300—500 mg/kg). And the distribution is symmetrical, in which, fluorine content inwest suburb is highest. Both the physical and chemical properties of the soil samplesfrom the suburb of Chengdu have been tested and all of the soil samples are mainlyacid soil.
     Through establishing step regression equation between physical and chemicalproperties of the soil samples and all species of fluorines, the factores that influencespecies of fluorine content have been found and the most major influencing factor is:PH, CaCO_3 content, CEC and Alcontent.
     4. The biological validity analysis of fluorine in Chengdu soil
     We analysed fluorine content of root, stem and leaf of spinach, celery, cabbageand radish samples from Chengdu suburb, and respectively studied the influence ofthe physical and chemical properties of soil samples and all of species fluorine in soilon the fluorine content in plant body.
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