不同放牧制度和轮牧时间对短花针茅荒漠草原植被的影响
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摘要
本研究在2010~2012年间，以短花针茅荒漠草原植被为研究对象，采用对比分析、关联分析和地统计等分析方法，探讨了短花针茅荒漠草原主要植物种群及群落在不同轮牧时间下和不同放牧制度下的变化。主要研究结果如下：
1早期放牧区短花针茅盖度和密度较大，中期放牧区无芒隐子草盖度和密度较大。在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅、碱韭和无芒隐子草高度均表现出划区轮牧区高于自由放牧区。短花针茅盖度和密度表现为自由放牧区大于划区轮牧区，无芒隐子草的盖度和密度、碱韭盖度表现出划区轮牧区大于自由放牧区。短花针茅植物种群重要值在中期放牧区表现较小，无芒隐子草重要值在晚期放牧区表现较小，在中期放牧区最大；在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅重要值表现为自由放牧区>划区轮牧区，划区轮牧较自由放牧有利于无芒隐子草重要值增大。
2在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅植物种群地上现存量表现为自由放牧区大于划区轮牧区，碱韭和无芒隐子草地上现存量表现与之相反。自由放牧区群落地上现存量的变化受主要植物种群影响十分明显，其主要植物种群地上现存量占群落地上现存量的比值均超过70%。
3划区轮牧可以导致主要植物种群基部变大，而自由放牧使主要植物种群冠幅和根幅增大，同时自由放牧主要植物种群地上叶片数量大于划区轮牧，短花针茅和无芒隐子草根系数量也表现为自由放牧大于划区轮牧。
4在早期放牧的RG2区、中期放牧的RG5区、晚期放牧的RG7和RG8区植物种群种间关系比较复杂。自由放牧导致植物种群种间联结情况弱化。在不同小区内，物种的相对喜好程度存在差异，同时其种间关联序也发生了较大的变化。
5主要植物种群空间分布在自由放牧区受结构性影响因素较大，划区轮牧区主要植物种群空间分布复杂。物种数、总盖度和总密度空间分布结构性因素在划区轮牧区的主导作用强于自由放牧区。
6在划区轮牧中的小区不同利用时间下，中期放牧时间较为合理；在不同放牧制度下，划区轮牧优于自由放牧。
The paper studied on the vegetation of Stipa breviflora desert steppe during2010-2012, which in order to reveal the variations of the main plant population andcommunity in Stipa breviflora desert steppe under different grazing systems and grazingtime using contrastive analysis, association study and geostatistical analysis. The mainresults were as follows:
1The coverage and density of Stipa breviflora were larger in early grazing and thecoverage and density of Cleistogenes songorica were larger in medium grazing. Indifferent grazing systems, the height of Stipa breviflora, Allium polyrhizum andCleistogenes songoriea in rotational grazing were higher than those in continuous grazing.The coverage and density of Stipa breviflora in continuous grazing were higher than thosein rotational grazing, while the coverage and density of Cleistogenes songorica and thecoverage of Allium polyrhizum in rotational grazing were higher than those in continuousgrazing. The important values of Stipa breviflora were low in medium grazing, while incontrast the important values of Cleistogenes songorica were low in late grazing and thehighest in medium grazing. The important values of Stipa breviflora were higher incontinuous grazing than that in rotational grazing, and rotational grazing had betterincreased the important values of Cleistogenes songorica than continuous grazing.
2In different grazing systems, aboveground biomass of Stipa breviflora incontinuous grazing was greater than that in rotational grazing, while on the contrary forAllium polyrhizum and Cleistogenes songoriea. The changes of aboveground biomass incontinuous grazing were affected obviously by the main plant population, and percentagein total aboveground biomass was more than70%.
3The rotational grazing brought the main plant population base greater, while thecontinuous grazing brought the crown breadth and stem breadth greater. Meanwhile,continuous grazing had more plant lamina than rotational grazing and the same results forthe amount of root system of Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songoriea.
4The relationships among plant population were complicated in early grazing RG2,medium grazing RG5and late grazing RG7and RG8. Continuous grading resulted in theweak association of plant population. In different small areas, there existed differenceamong the relative preference of species, and meanwhile, their interspecific association had also greatly changed.
5The main plant population space distributed in continuous grazing was muchaffected by structural influence. The main plant population space distribution of rotationalgrazing was complicated. The leading function of species number, total coverage and totaldensity in rotational grazing was stronger than that in continuous grazing.
6For different grazing time, medium grazing was relatively more reasonable, whilefor different grazing systems, rotational grazing was better than continuous grazing.
1早期放牧区短花针茅盖度和密度较大，中期放牧区无芒隐子草盖度和密度较大。在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅、碱韭和无芒隐子草高度均表现出划区轮牧区高于自由放牧区。短花针茅盖度和密度表现为自由放牧区大于划区轮牧区，无芒隐子草的盖度和密度、碱韭盖度表现出划区轮牧区大于自由放牧区。短花针茅植物种群重要值在中期放牧区表现较小，无芒隐子草重要值在晚期放牧区表现较小，在中期放牧区最大；在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅重要值表现为自由放牧区>划区轮牧区，划区轮牧较自由放牧有利于无芒隐子草重要值增大。
2在不同放牧制度下，短花针茅植物种群地上现存量表现为自由放牧区大于划区轮牧区，碱韭和无芒隐子草地上现存量表现与之相反。自由放牧区群落地上现存量的变化受主要植物种群影响十分明显，其主要植物种群地上现存量占群落地上现存量的比值均超过70%。
3划区轮牧可以导致主要植物种群基部变大，而自由放牧使主要植物种群冠幅和根幅增大，同时自由放牧主要植物种群地上叶片数量大于划区轮牧，短花针茅和无芒隐子草根系数量也表现为自由放牧大于划区轮牧。
4在早期放牧的RG2区、中期放牧的RG5区、晚期放牧的RG7和RG8区植物种群种间关系比较复杂。自由放牧导致植物种群种间联结情况弱化。在不同小区内，物种的相对喜好程度存在差异，同时其种间关联序也发生了较大的变化。
5主要植物种群空间分布在自由放牧区受结构性影响因素较大，划区轮牧区主要植物种群空间分布复杂。物种数、总盖度和总密度空间分布结构性因素在划区轮牧区的主导作用强于自由放牧区。
6在划区轮牧中的小区不同利用时间下，中期放牧时间较为合理；在不同放牧制度下，划区轮牧优于自由放牧。
The paper studied on the vegetation of Stipa breviflora desert steppe during2010-2012, which in order to reveal the variations of the main plant population andcommunity in Stipa breviflora desert steppe under different grazing systems and grazingtime using contrastive analysis, association study and geostatistical analysis. The mainresults were as follows:
1The coverage and density of Stipa breviflora were larger in early grazing and thecoverage and density of Cleistogenes songorica were larger in medium grazing. Indifferent grazing systems, the height of Stipa breviflora, Allium polyrhizum andCleistogenes songoriea in rotational grazing were higher than those in continuous grazing.The coverage and density of Stipa breviflora in continuous grazing were higher than thosein rotational grazing, while the coverage and density of Cleistogenes songorica and thecoverage of Allium polyrhizum in rotational grazing were higher than those in continuousgrazing. The important values of Stipa breviflora were low in medium grazing, while incontrast the important values of Cleistogenes songorica were low in late grazing and thehighest in medium grazing. The important values of Stipa breviflora were higher incontinuous grazing than that in rotational grazing, and rotational grazing had betterincreased the important values of Cleistogenes songorica than continuous grazing.
2In different grazing systems, aboveground biomass of Stipa breviflora incontinuous grazing was greater than that in rotational grazing, while on the contrary forAllium polyrhizum and Cleistogenes songoriea. The changes of aboveground biomass incontinuous grazing were affected obviously by the main plant population, and percentagein total aboveground biomass was more than70%.
3The rotational grazing brought the main plant population base greater, while thecontinuous grazing brought the crown breadth and stem breadth greater. Meanwhile,continuous grazing had more plant lamina than rotational grazing and the same results forthe amount of root system of Stipa breviflora and Cleistogenes songoriea.
4The relationships among plant population were complicated in early grazing RG2,medium grazing RG5and late grazing RG7and RG8. Continuous grading resulted in theweak association of plant population. In different small areas, there existed differenceamong the relative preference of species, and meanwhile, their interspecific association had also greatly changed.
5The main plant population space distributed in continuous grazing was muchaffected by structural influence. The main plant population space distribution of rotationalgrazing was complicated. The leading function of species number, total coverage and totaldensity in rotational grazing was stronger than that in continuous grazing.
6For different grazing time, medium grazing was relatively more reasonable, whilefor different grazing systems, rotational grazing was better than continuous grazing.
引文
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