高速动车组车顶绝缘子积污特性与电场分布研究
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摘要
随着经济和社会的快速发展,高速动车组在现代运输体系中的重要性日益突出。车顶绝缘子是保障动车组绝缘安全的关键设备,积污特性和电场分布是判断车顶绝缘子绝缘性能的重要参数。随着列车运行速度的提升,车顶绝缘子外围的气流分布和积污规律更为复杂。受车顶空间布局的限制,车顶绝缘子伞裙数目小、沿面场强高,成为高速动车组绝缘最为薄弱的环节。因此,通过研究车顶绝缘子的积污特性和电场分布,探明表面污秽和伞形参数对车顶绝缘子电场分布的影响,可为高速动车组的防污闪设计提供参考,从而保障高速电气化铁路的安全稳定运营。
本文根据高速动车组的车顶空间环境和实际运行工况,建立了车顶绝缘子的三维流体力学计算模型,探明了动车组高速运行时,车顶绝缘子外部的气流场分布和空气悬浮尘粒的运动轨迹,研究了高速气流对车顶绝缘子积污特性的影响,结合现场实测分析,探明了高速气流作用下车顶绝缘子沿面污秽的分布规律。
针对车顶绝缘子的结构特征,建立了车顶绝缘子1/2截面的轴对称模型,采用有限元分析法探明了绝缘子的电位和电场分布。对比了每一片伞裙和杆径上承受的电压百分比,研究了绝缘子伞裙沿面的电场分布规律；根据绝缘子表面的积污状况,分析了污层对车顶绝缘子电场特性的影响。
基于实际车顶空间尺寸,分别对等伞径和大小伞车顶绝缘子表面的电场分布进行了研究。探究了伞间距和伞伸出对等伞径车顶绝缘子沿面平均场强的影响；分析了大伞和小伞的伞伸出对大小伞车顶绝缘子电场特性的影响机理。根据伞形参数对车顶绝缘子电场分布的影响,按照铁道标准对车顶绝缘子伞裙结构的要求,对车顶绝缘子的伞裙进行了优化设计。
With the rapid development of economy and society, the importance of high-speed railway in modern transportation system is becoming more and more prominent. Roof insulators are key equipments to ensure insulation safety of locomotive. Contamination characteristic and electric field distribution are the main indexes to evaluate the insulation performance of roof insulator. With the speeding up of electrified railway, the surrounding airflow and deposition pattern become more complex. The number of insulator shed is small for the restrictions of roof space, which makes the electric field on the creepage path extremely high. Therefore, roof insulators are the most weakness point in electric locomotive insulation. In conclusion, studying the contamination characteristics, field distribution and related factors such as deposition and shed parameters can provide references for roof insulator design, so as to guarantee the safe and stable operation of high-speed railway.
Considering the locomotive roof space layout and actual working condition of roof insulators, this paper built a3D model for roof insulator in computational fluid dynamics software. Airflow distribution around the roof insulator was analyzed when the locomotive is running fast. The moving track of suspending particles in high-speed fluid was also simulated. At the same time, the influence of high-speed airflow on insulator contamination was carried out. The deposition distribution in each sheds were studied combine numerical calculation with field measurement.
According to the structure feature of roof insulator, a axisymmetric model for1/2cross section of roof insulator was established. Finite element method was used to study the potential and electric field distribution of roof insulator. Comparison of potential on each shed was conducted. The electric field distribution along the creepage path was also analyzed. Finally, nonuniform wet deposition and dry band was set on the insulator surface based on the deposition characteristic. The influence of nonuniform dirty band on field distribution was carried out.
The field features of equal diameter and big-small shed insulators were analyzed respectively with actual roof size.The influence of shed spacing and shed elongation on average surface electric field and air gap field were studied in equal diameter insulator. The influencing mechanism on electric field distribution of big shed and small shed were conducted in big-small shed insulator. Finally, the roof insulator shed was optimized combine field characteristics with shed parameters'regulations in Chinese railway standard.
本文根据高速动车组的车顶空间环境和实际运行工况,建立了车顶绝缘子的三维流体力学计算模型,探明了动车组高速运行时,车顶绝缘子外部的气流场分布和空气悬浮尘粒的运动轨迹,研究了高速气流对车顶绝缘子积污特性的影响,结合现场实测分析,探明了高速气流作用下车顶绝缘子沿面污秽的分布规律。
针对车顶绝缘子的结构特征,建立了车顶绝缘子1/2截面的轴对称模型,采用有限元分析法探明了绝缘子的电位和电场分布。对比了每一片伞裙和杆径上承受的电压百分比,研究了绝缘子伞裙沿面的电场分布规律；根据绝缘子表面的积污状况,分析了污层对车顶绝缘子电场特性的影响。
基于实际车顶空间尺寸,分别对等伞径和大小伞车顶绝缘子表面的电场分布进行了研究。探究了伞间距和伞伸出对等伞径车顶绝缘子沿面平均场强的影响；分析了大伞和小伞的伞伸出对大小伞车顶绝缘子电场特性的影响机理。根据伞形参数对车顶绝缘子电场分布的影响,按照铁道标准对车顶绝缘子伞裙结构的要求,对车顶绝缘子的伞裙进行了优化设计。
With the rapid development of economy and society, the importance of high-speed railway in modern transportation system is becoming more and more prominent. Roof insulators are key equipments to ensure insulation safety of locomotive. Contamination characteristic and electric field distribution are the main indexes to evaluate the insulation performance of roof insulator. With the speeding up of electrified railway, the surrounding airflow and deposition pattern become more complex. The number of insulator shed is small for the restrictions of roof space, which makes the electric field on the creepage path extremely high. Therefore, roof insulators are the most weakness point in electric locomotive insulation. In conclusion, studying the contamination characteristics, field distribution and related factors such as deposition and shed parameters can provide references for roof insulator design, so as to guarantee the safe and stable operation of high-speed railway.
Considering the locomotive roof space layout and actual working condition of roof insulators, this paper built a3D model for roof insulator in computational fluid dynamics software. Airflow distribution around the roof insulator was analyzed when the locomotive is running fast. The moving track of suspending particles in high-speed fluid was also simulated. At the same time, the influence of high-speed airflow on insulator contamination was carried out. The deposition distribution in each sheds were studied combine numerical calculation with field measurement.
According to the structure feature of roof insulator, a axisymmetric model for1/2cross section of roof insulator was established. Finite element method was used to study the potential and electric field distribution of roof insulator. Comparison of potential on each shed was conducted. The electric field distribution along the creepage path was also analyzed. Finally, nonuniform wet deposition and dry band was set on the insulator surface based on the deposition characteristic. The influence of nonuniform dirty band on field distribution was carried out.
The field features of equal diameter and big-small shed insulators were analyzed respectively with actual roof size.The influence of shed spacing and shed elongation on average surface electric field and air gap field were studied in equal diameter insulator. The influencing mechanism on electric field distribution of big shed and small shed were conducted in big-small shed insulator. Finally, the roof insulator shed was optimized combine field characteristics with shed parameters'regulations in Chinese railway standard.
引文
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