沙尘环境下绝缘子交流闪络特性的研究
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摘要
近年来,频繁发生的沙尘暴对我国多个省份的工、农业生产与人民生活造成了严重影响,特别是对于高压电网线路外绝缘的危害尤为突出,已多次造成大面积输电线路发生闪络事故。对于外绝缘而言,沙尘暴的影响主要体现在严重积污和周围介质环境的改变,一方面,沙尘暴发作时空气中的风沙和盐分矿物等固体微粒含量显著增加,容易导致绝缘子串表面积污,增加污秽闪络发生的风险;另一方面,沙尘暴气候下环境介质会由原来的较纯净空气介质变为多物质含量的混合介质,线路外绝缘结构的工作环境将会发生很大转变。本文在参阅相关文献和已有研究成果的基础上,采取理论分析和实验相结合的方法,以XP-70瓷绝缘子为研究对象,重点研究了这两大方面对绝缘子交流闪络特性的影响规律。
本文通过大量的人工污秽试验发现:XP-70瓷绝缘子交流闪络电压随风速的增大而升高,风沙环境下的闪络电压比有风无沙时低;随着沙尘颗粒带电量的增大,绝缘子的交流闪络电压降低,且沙粒带正电荷时绝缘子交流闪络电压较带负电荷时低;沉积的沙粒对污秽绝缘子闪络电压的影响与盐密无关,是独立的,同时绝缘子闪络电压的变化与沙尘沉积量有关,沉积密度较小时,绝缘子的交流闪络电压随沉积密度的增大而降低,沉积密度增大到20mg/cm2后,绝缘子的闪络电压反而有升高的趋势。
不溶性污秽物类型的不同对绝缘子闪络电压的影响存在差异,本文通过人工污秽试验研究了两种不溶性污秽物对绝缘子闪络电压影响的差异,结果表明在相同沉积量下,绝缘子表面沉积沙尘时其闪络电压下降的幅度较小,因此,在风沙较大的地区用硅藻土模拟沙尘颗粒制定污秽等级的相关标准是安全的。本文建立了沙尘暴环境下XP-70瓷绝缘子的电场仿真模型,并对绝缘子在沙尘环境下的沿面电场分布进行了仿真计算,结果表明风沙环境下绝缘子沿面电场分布受周围沙尘颗粒的影响较小,但沙粒带电荷后对其电场分布有较大的畸变作用,在出现带电沙粒的区域,其电位分布变化显著,且绝缘子沿面电场强度明显增大;沉积沙尘时绝缘子表面出现无沙区域后,该区域内电场强度增大。
利用高速摄像机拍摄了绝缘子在风沙环境中以及沉积沙粒时的闪络过程。大风作用下绝缘子闪络时出现明显的飘弧现象,延长了电弧的发展时间;少量沙尘沉积时随着施加电压的升高,沙粒会发生跳跃并向四周运动,在局部形成无沙区域,而沙尘沉积量较大时,在放电通道有沙粒跳跃,但没有明显的无沙区域形成。
Recently, frequent sand storm has caused great damage to the industry, agriculture and people's lives in many provinces of China, especially to the high voltage transmission line external insulation,which has brought about large area flashover accident of the transmission line. Regarding the external insulation,the influence of sand storm is mainly reflected in two aspects, serious contamination and the change of medium environment surrounding the insulators. On one hand, when sand storm breaks out, the sand and mineral salt and other solid particles in the air are increasing significantly, which is very likely to cause contamination on the surface of insulators, and that can then make the pollution flashover more possible to happen; on the other hand, in the background of sand storm, medium environment changes from pure air medium into the mixed medium of multi-material content,which brings great changes to the operating environment of transmission line's insulation structure. Based on the analysis of the literature and the research results relating to this topic, taking XP-70 porcelain insulators as the research object, with the methods of the combination of theory and experiment , this paper mainly researches the laws of the above two aspects' influence to AC flashover performance.
Through a number of tests, it is found that the flashover voltage of the XP-70 porcelain insulator increases with the increase of the wind speed in wind sand environment under the AC voltage, and that the flashover voltage in weather of wind dust is lower than in the weather of wind. The flashover voltage of the XP-70 porcelain insulator decreases with the increase of the sand specific charge, and the flashover voltage of the sand with positive charge is lower than it with negative charge. When the sand particles deposit on the surface of the insulator, the changes of insulator's flashover voltage is related to the sand dust deposition. In low deposition density situation, the flashover voltage decreases with the sand dust deposition density increasing, and when the deposition density exceeds 20mg/cm2, the flashover voltage appears to go up.
Different insoluble pollution materials have different influences on insulator flashover voltage. In this paper, the two pollution materials, sand particles and diatomite are compared and analyzed, and through the artificial pollution test, this paper researches the differences of the two insoluble pollution materials’influences to insulator flashover voltage. The result proves that, with the same deposition density, sand on insulator's surface causes less decline of its flashover voltage. Therefore, it is safe that using diatomite to simulate sand particles in order to set pollution grade standards in heavy sand storm area.
This paper sets up an electric field simulation model of XP-70 porcelain insulator in sand storm environment, and then calculates the electric field distribution on insulator's surface in sand storm environment. The result proves that sand particles surrounding the insulator have less influence on the electric field distribution on insulator's surface,however, charged sand particles can cause the aberrance of its electric field distribution. In the area with charged sand particles, the strength of the electric field on insulator's surface increases evidently; when there appears areas without sand particles, the electric field strength increases in that area. Using the high speed camera, the process of the flashover of the insulator in wind sand environment and sand particles deposition on surface is photographed. The arc is blown from the insulator surface by the strong wind, which extends the development of the arc. When there is little sand dust depositing on surface, with the voltage going higher, sand particles jump and expand, areas without sand particles appear, but when plenty of sand dust deposits, there are sand particles jumping in discharge path, but no areas without sand particles.
本文通过大量的人工污秽试验发现:XP-70瓷绝缘子交流闪络电压随风速的增大而升高,风沙环境下的闪络电压比有风无沙时低;随着沙尘颗粒带电量的增大,绝缘子的交流闪络电压降低,且沙粒带正电荷时绝缘子交流闪络电压较带负电荷时低;沉积的沙粒对污秽绝缘子闪络电压的影响与盐密无关,是独立的,同时绝缘子闪络电压的变化与沙尘沉积量有关,沉积密度较小时,绝缘子的交流闪络电压随沉积密度的增大而降低,沉积密度增大到20mg/cm2后,绝缘子的闪络电压反而有升高的趋势。
不溶性污秽物类型的不同对绝缘子闪络电压的影响存在差异,本文通过人工污秽试验研究了两种不溶性污秽物对绝缘子闪络电压影响的差异,结果表明在相同沉积量下,绝缘子表面沉积沙尘时其闪络电压下降的幅度较小,因此,在风沙较大的地区用硅藻土模拟沙尘颗粒制定污秽等级的相关标准是安全的。本文建立了沙尘暴环境下XP-70瓷绝缘子的电场仿真模型,并对绝缘子在沙尘环境下的沿面电场分布进行了仿真计算,结果表明风沙环境下绝缘子沿面电场分布受周围沙尘颗粒的影响较小,但沙粒带电荷后对其电场分布有较大的畸变作用,在出现带电沙粒的区域,其电位分布变化显著,且绝缘子沿面电场强度明显增大;沉积沙尘时绝缘子表面出现无沙区域后,该区域内电场强度增大。
利用高速摄像机拍摄了绝缘子在风沙环境中以及沉积沙粒时的闪络过程。大风作用下绝缘子闪络时出现明显的飘弧现象,延长了电弧的发展时间;少量沙尘沉积时随着施加电压的升高,沙粒会发生跳跃并向四周运动,在局部形成无沙区域,而沙尘沉积量较大时,在放电通道有沙粒跳跃,但没有明显的无沙区域形成。
Recently, frequent sand storm has caused great damage to the industry, agriculture and people's lives in many provinces of China, especially to the high voltage transmission line external insulation,which has brought about large area flashover accident of the transmission line. Regarding the external insulation,the influence of sand storm is mainly reflected in two aspects, serious contamination and the change of medium environment surrounding the insulators. On one hand, when sand storm breaks out, the sand and mineral salt and other solid particles in the air are increasing significantly, which is very likely to cause contamination on the surface of insulators, and that can then make the pollution flashover more possible to happen; on the other hand, in the background of sand storm, medium environment changes from pure air medium into the mixed medium of multi-material content,which brings great changes to the operating environment of transmission line's insulation structure. Based on the analysis of the literature and the research results relating to this topic, taking XP-70 porcelain insulators as the research object, with the methods of the combination of theory and experiment , this paper mainly researches the laws of the above two aspects' influence to AC flashover performance.
Through a number of tests, it is found that the flashover voltage of the XP-70 porcelain insulator increases with the increase of the wind speed in wind sand environment under the AC voltage, and that the flashover voltage in weather of wind dust is lower than in the weather of wind. The flashover voltage of the XP-70 porcelain insulator decreases with the increase of the sand specific charge, and the flashover voltage of the sand with positive charge is lower than it with negative charge. When the sand particles deposit on the surface of the insulator, the changes of insulator's flashover voltage is related to the sand dust deposition. In low deposition density situation, the flashover voltage decreases with the sand dust deposition density increasing, and when the deposition density exceeds 20mg/cm2, the flashover voltage appears to go up.
Different insoluble pollution materials have different influences on insulator flashover voltage. In this paper, the two pollution materials, sand particles and diatomite are compared and analyzed, and through the artificial pollution test, this paper researches the differences of the two insoluble pollution materials’influences to insulator flashover voltage. The result proves that, with the same deposition density, sand on insulator's surface causes less decline of its flashover voltage. Therefore, it is safe that using diatomite to simulate sand particles in order to set pollution grade standards in heavy sand storm area.
This paper sets up an electric field simulation model of XP-70 porcelain insulator in sand storm environment, and then calculates the electric field distribution on insulator's surface in sand storm environment. The result proves that sand particles surrounding the insulator have less influence on the electric field distribution on insulator's surface,however, charged sand particles can cause the aberrance of its electric field distribution. In the area with charged sand particles, the strength of the electric field on insulator's surface increases evidently; when there appears areas without sand particles, the electric field strength increases in that area. Using the high speed camera, the process of the flashover of the insulator in wind sand environment and sand particles deposition on surface is photographed. The arc is blown from the insulator surface by the strong wind, which extends the development of the arc. When there is little sand dust depositing on surface, with the voltage going higher, sand particles jump and expand, areas without sand particles appear, but when plenty of sand dust deposits, there are sand particles jumping in discharge path, but no areas without sand particles.
引文
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