覆岩与地表移动变形演化规律的预测理论及实验研究
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摘要
地下煤层开采后覆岩及地表移动是一个十分复杂的物理力学过程,而覆岩和地表移动规律及其预测理论的研究,是经济合理的解决地下开采、保护地表建筑物、水体和保证矿井安全生产的有效途径。论文在概率积分预计理论的基础上,建立了能够对任意形状工作面开采进行地表移动与变形预计的影响函数模型,通过对大量实测数据的处理和分析,得出了开采影响传播角随煤层倾角变化的函数关系式。根据随机介质理论,导出了近水平煤层开采覆岩内部移动与变形预测的静态函数模型,通过引入Knothe时间函数,构建了近水平煤层开采地表及覆岩内部一体化的动态预测模型,得出了覆岩内部下沉系数随岩层水平变化的公式。基于VB编程语言,开发了界面友好、便于操作、实时成图的动态预测系统。以霍宝干河矿地质资料为背景,进行了相似材料模拟实验,采用传统经纬仪和数字近景摄影测量两种方式对设置的测点进行了观测,并对观测结果和精度进行了分析,验证了覆岩内部动态预测模型的正确性,论证了利用数字近景摄影测量进行相似材料模拟实验观测的可行性。采用FLAC3D数值模拟手段,对覆岩内部的应力场、破坏场、位移场进行了研究；对地表的移动与变形规律、破坏场、监测点速率、沉降量与推进度的关系进行了较详细的分析,反演了工作面采动程度变化后地表破坏场的发育过程；验证了覆岩内部下沉系数随开采深度变化的公式；采用比奥固结理论,结合有效应力原理,深入研究了流-固耦合作用下含水松散层失水固结对开采沉陷的影响,从机理上诠释了含水松散层矿区,尤其是我国东部矿区,下沉盆地边缘收敛非常缓慢的原因。
Overburden and surface movement due to underground mine is a very complex process. Yet regulation of overburden and surface movement with researching its prediction theories is a kind of effective method which can appropriately give an overall consideration of mining, protect surface structures, water body and guarantee coal mine safe productivity. Based on probability integral theory the paper created an influence function model by which surface movement and deformation of any shape face mining could be predicted. Through processing and analyzing large quantities datum, function relational expression between stratum propagation angle and coal seam angle was gained. According to probabilistic mediator theory, static prediction model which can predict overburden movement and deformation for horizontal angle coal seam was put forward. Based on static prediction model, dynamic prediction model of overburden and surface movement and deformation integral system was constructed by using of Knothe time function. Furthermore, the formula between subsidence factor and stratum level was obtained. Based on Visual Basic language dynamic prediction system which owned good interface, convenient operation method, and function of real-time outputting graph was developed. Utilizing Huobaoganhe coal mine geological datum, similarity material simulation experiment was done. Traditional theodolite surveying method and digital close-range photogrammetry method were used to measure set points and surveying results and precision were analyzed, which proved that proposed dynamic prediction model was true and digital close-range photogrammetry method was feasible during similarity material simulation experiment surveying. After coal was extracted, overburden stress field, destroyed field and displacement field were researched by using of FLAC3D. Moreover, surface movement and deformation regulation, surface destroyed field, monitor points' velocity, relation between subsidence value and face advances were detailed analyzed. Developing process of surface destroyed field was inversed after mining panel was changed. And the formula between overburden subsidence factor and stratum level was verified. By use of Biot consolidation theory the effect of water-bearing alluvium dehydration consolidation by fluid-mechanical interaction on mining subsidence was profoundly researched associating effective stress theory from mechanics. It was interpreted that mining area with water-bearing alluvium, especially east coal mines final subsidence profile brim converged very slow.
Overburden and surface movement due to underground mine is a very complex process. Yet regulation of overburden and surface movement with researching its prediction theories is a kind of effective method which can appropriately give an overall consideration of mining, protect surface structures, water body and guarantee coal mine safe productivity. Based on probability integral theory the paper created an influence function model by which surface movement and deformation of any shape face mining could be predicted. Through processing and analyzing large quantities datum, function relational expression between stratum propagation angle and coal seam angle was gained. According to probabilistic mediator theory, static prediction model which can predict overburden movement and deformation for horizontal angle coal seam was put forward. Based on static prediction model, dynamic prediction model of overburden and surface movement and deformation integral system was constructed by using of Knothe time function. Furthermore, the formula between subsidence factor and stratum level was obtained. Based on Visual Basic language dynamic prediction system which owned good interface, convenient operation method, and function of real-time outputting graph was developed. Utilizing Huobaoganhe coal mine geological datum, similarity material simulation experiment was done. Traditional theodolite surveying method and digital close-range photogrammetry method were used to measure set points and surveying results and precision were analyzed, which proved that proposed dynamic prediction model was true and digital close-range photogrammetry method was feasible during similarity material simulation experiment surveying. After coal was extracted, overburden stress field, destroyed field and displacement field were researched by using of FLAC3D. Moreover, surface movement and deformation regulation, surface destroyed field, monitor points' velocity, relation between subsidence value and face advances were detailed analyzed. Developing process of surface destroyed field was inversed after mining panel was changed. And the formula between overburden subsidence factor and stratum level was verified. By use of Biot consolidation theory the effect of water-bearing alluvium dehydration consolidation by fluid-mechanical interaction on mining subsidence was profoundly researched associating effective stress theory from mechanics. It was interpreted that mining area with water-bearing alluvium, especially east coal mines final subsidence profile brim converged very slow.
引文
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