移动端二维条码图像增强及应用研究
摘要
本文研究了现有国内外二维条码的种类、优势及相关识别技术;剖析移动端主流操作系统Symbian OS体系结构及其应用程序的开发平台;并在此基础上搭建移动端二维条码识别系统。
首先通过读取彩信或调用移动端内置的摄像头获取初始二维条码图像;然后依次采用灰度化、滤波法处理受污染的图像;再依次采用阈值分割法二值化处理不均匀光照下的图像,采用特定规则筛选标记的连通区域从而分割出条码区域,采用凸包算法精确定位条码区域;最后通过映射校正条码图像,译码获得有效WAP地址,并通过调用系统浏览器登录WAP网站。
特别针对移动端实时性的要求选择计算量较小的加权平均法灰度化初始条码图片;选择一种快速自适应阈值分割法二值化不均匀光照下的图像。针对移动端硬件的严格限制选择依据二维条码结构特征制定的规则筛选连通区域从而分割得到复杂背景中的条码区域;采用计算复杂度较低的凸包算法精确定位条码区域。针对移动端WAP应用的广泛性,本系统集成登录WAP网站的功能。
本文在Series 60平台上完成了具有图像增强功能的移动端二维条码识别系统的开发。实验证明该系统具有较高的二维条码识别率,可满足移动端实时性的要求,并且可通过移动端操作系统内置浏览器成功登陆WAP站点。
Based on the existing species, advantages, and identification technology of two-dimension bar code, the characteristic of Symbian OS, and developing platform of application, this paper researches the identification system of two-dimension bar code.
Firstly, use MMS and built-in camera to gather initial image. Secondly, operate the polluted image by using graying and filter . Thirdly, binary the non-uniform illumination image using thresholding, and identify candidates for orientation bar code among the found regions using rules, and pinpoint bar code using convex hull algorithm. Finally, correct bar code image to login useful WAP website using built-in browser.
According to the real-time request of mobile terminal, select weighted average graying with low calculation to operate the initial bar code image, select a kind of adaptive thresholding to operate the problem of non-uniform illumination. According to strict hardware restrict of mobile terminal, select rules from characters of bar code structure to identify candidates for orientation bar code among the found regions from complex background, select convex hull algorithm with low calculation to pinpoint bar code. According to widely application of WAP in mobile terminal, this system integrates the function of entering WAP website.
In the end, the image enhanced identification system of two-dimension bar code is constructed on Series 60. And the experimental results proves that this system can recognize two-dimension bar code well and satisfy the real-time request of mobile terminal.
首先通过读取彩信或调用移动端内置的摄像头获取初始二维条码图像;然后依次采用灰度化、滤波法处理受污染的图像;再依次采用阈值分割法二值化处理不均匀光照下的图像,采用特定规则筛选标记的连通区域从而分割出条码区域,采用凸包算法精确定位条码区域;最后通过映射校正条码图像,译码获得有效WAP地址,并通过调用系统浏览器登录WAP网站。
特别针对移动端实时性的要求选择计算量较小的加权平均法灰度化初始条码图片;选择一种快速自适应阈值分割法二值化不均匀光照下的图像。针对移动端硬件的严格限制选择依据二维条码结构特征制定的规则筛选连通区域从而分割得到复杂背景中的条码区域;采用计算复杂度较低的凸包算法精确定位条码区域。针对移动端WAP应用的广泛性,本系统集成登录WAP网站的功能。
本文在Series 60平台上完成了具有图像增强功能的移动端二维条码识别系统的开发。实验证明该系统具有较高的二维条码识别率,可满足移动端实时性的要求,并且可通过移动端操作系统内置浏览器成功登陆WAP站点。
Based on the existing species, advantages, and identification technology of two-dimension bar code, the characteristic of Symbian OS, and developing platform of application, this paper researches the identification system of two-dimension bar code.
Firstly, use MMS and built-in camera to gather initial image. Secondly, operate the polluted image by using graying and filter . Thirdly, binary the non-uniform illumination image using thresholding, and identify candidates for orientation bar code among the found regions using rules, and pinpoint bar code using convex hull algorithm. Finally, correct bar code image to login useful WAP website using built-in browser.
According to the real-time request of mobile terminal, select weighted average graying with low calculation to operate the initial bar code image, select a kind of adaptive thresholding to operate the problem of non-uniform illumination. According to strict hardware restrict of mobile terminal, select rules from characters of bar code structure to identify candidates for orientation bar code among the found regions from complex background, select convex hull algorithm with low calculation to pinpoint bar code. According to widely application of WAP in mobile terminal, this system integrates the function of entering WAP website.
In the end, the image enhanced identification system of two-dimension bar code is constructed on Series 60. And the experimental results proves that this system can recognize two-dimension bar code well and satisfy the real-time request of mobile terminal.
引文
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[38]章毓晋.图像工程(上册)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
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[45]王丽青,陈正阳,陈树强.一个改进的简单多边形凸包算法[J].计算机工程,2007,33(3):200-201.
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[48]LEE T D.On finding the convex hull of a simple polygon[J],Int J Comput Inf Sci,1983,12(2):87-98.
[49]Ottaviani E,Pavan A.A Common Image Processing Framework for 2D Barcode Reading.Image Processing and its Application,Conference Publication No.465 IEE,1999.
[50]刘宁钟,杨静宇.基于傅立叶变换的二维条码识别[J],中国图像图形学报(A版),2003,8(8):877-882.
[51]刘慧娟.一种快速响应码图像的分割和校正方法[J],电子测量与仪器学报,2006,20(1):32-35.
[52]WAP Form.Wireless application protocol architecture,http://www.wapforum.org,2005.
[2]Wang Y P,Pavlidis T,Swartz J.High density two dimensional bar code,Proceedings of the SPIE Speed High Architectures,Barcoding and Character Recognition[J].Boston,MA,USA,1991:169-175.
[3]矫云起,张成海.二维条码技术[M].北京:中国物价出版社,1996.
[4]张淑丽.当条码遇到手机[J].自动识别技术与应用,2006,No.1.
[5]乾志国.手机二维码应用探析[N].中国信媒科技,2007,No.4:17-22.
[6]陈钰.面向手机的二维条码识别技术的研究与应用[D].北京:万方数据库,2006.
[7]JESSICA E.,VASCELLARO.The Bar Code Gets a Hip New Life[J].THE WALL STREET JOURNAL,2006-05-24.
[8]梁鹏.手机二维码业务研究[J].电信科学,2006,12:38-39.
[9]王毅.二维条码技术应用及标准化状况介绍[J].中国标准化,2006,05:24-28.
[10]李建斌.实现及时互动的商务交易 手机结合RFID创新应用[J].台湾新电子,2006.
[11]Pavlids T,Swartz J,Wang Y P.Information encoding with two-dimensional bar codes[J].IEEE Computer Magazine,1992,27:18-27.
[12]Relier D J.Polarization of barcode readers[J].Opt Eng,1998,37(2):688-695.
[13]中国物品编码中心.条码技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,07.
[14]国家技术监督局.GB 17172-1997.四一七条码[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[15]中国物品编码中心.QR Code二维码技术与应用[M].北京:北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[16]Information technology-International symbology specification-Data Matrix[M].INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 16022:2000.
[17]Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques bar-code Symbology specifications-PDF417.EN ISO 15438(P),2003.
[18]Reed,I.S.and Solomon,G.Polynomial Codes Over Certain Finite Fields SIAM Journal of Applied Math.,vol.8,1960,pp.300-304.
[19]戴扬,于盛林,戴水贵.PDF417纠错码原理及实现[J].吉林大学学报,2004,34(2):286-290.
[20]吴名.手机二维码业务应用体系分类和商业模式[Z].http://www.cardsword.cn
[21]Nokia Company.S60 Platform FAQ.Version 1.7(Z),2007.
[22]Leigh Edwards,Richard Barker.Developing Series 60 Applications[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[23]周良忠,王伯欣.Series 60 应用程序开发(卷1)[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[24]温明,李颢,卓晴,王文渊.基于Symbian智能手机的QR码识别系统[J].电子技术应用,2007,11:26-29.
[25]何伟,杨宗德,张兵.基于Symbian OS的手机开发与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.
[26]DIGIA Inc.Programming for the Series 60 Platform and Symbian OS[M].John Wiley& Sons,Ltd.
[27]杨常青,彭木根.Symbian S60(第3版)手机程序开发与实用教程机械工业出版社[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[28]Introduction to Carbide chinese[z].
[29]周长发.精通Visual c++.NET图像处理编程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[30]陈兵旗,孙明.Visual C++实用图像处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[31]李兰友,王学彬.Visual C#图像处理程序设计实例[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003
[32]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[33]Mikio K,Takayuki Y,Tetsuo S.Bar-code recognition system using image processing[J].IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation,1997.
[34]Qi Ouyang,Kaplun Peter D,Liu Shumao.DNA Solution of the Maximal Clique Problem[J].Science ,1997,278(17):446-449.
[35]Paun G,Rozenberg G,Salomaa A.DNA Computing:New Computing Paradigms[J].Springer,1998,60-63.
[36]OSTU N.A threshold selection method from gray2level histogram[J].IEEE Trans.SMC,1979,9(1):62269.
[37]付忠良.图像阈值选取方法的构造[J].中国图像图形学报,2000,5(6):466-469.
[38]章毓晋.图像工程(上册)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[39]容观澳.计算机图像处理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[40]Ohbuchi,E.Hanaizumi,H.Hock,L.A.Barcode readers using the camera device in mobile phones.Cyberworlds,2004 International Conference on.2004:260-265.
[41]Sitt,G,Vahid,F,Nematbakhsh,S.Energy saving and speedups from partitioning critical software loops to hardware in embedded systems,ACM Trans.Embedded Comput.Syst,2004,3(1):218-232.
[42]Wellner,P.1993,Adaptive thresholding for the DigitalDesk,Technical Report EPC-93-110,Rank Xerox EuroPaRC.
[43]何斌,马天予,王运坚.Visual C++数字图像处理(第二版),北京:人民邮电出版社,2002,2.
[44]陈媛媛,施鹏飞.二维条形码的识别及应用[J].测控技术,2006,25(12):17-19.
[45]王丽青,陈正阳,陈树强.一个改进的简单多边形凸包算法[J].计算机工程,2007,33(3):200-201.
[46]M.de Berg,M.van Kreveld,M.Overmars,O.Schwarzkopf,邓俊辉.计算几何——算法与应用(第2版).清华大学出版社,2005,9(1):2-10.
[47]金文华,何涛,刘晓平.基于有序简单多边形的平面点集凸包快速求取算法[J].计算机学报,1998,21(6):533-539.
[48]LEE T D.On finding the convex hull of a simple polygon[J],Int J Comput Inf Sci,1983,12(2):87-98.
[49]Ottaviani E,Pavan A.A Common Image Processing Framework for 2D Barcode Reading.Image Processing and its Application,Conference Publication No.465 IEE,1999.
[50]刘宁钟,杨静宇.基于傅立叶变换的二维条码识别[J],中国图像图形学报(A版),2003,8(8):877-882.
[51]刘慧娟.一种快速响应码图像的分割和校正方法[J],电子测量与仪器学报,2006,20(1):32-35.
[52]WAP Form.Wireless application protocol architecture,http://www.wapforum.org,2005.