物探检测公路地质的综合方法研究及其工程应用
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摘要
根据国内外物探技术的发展方向,重点利用面波、折射波法等物探测试技术解决公路地质初探中的软弱不良地层和土石分界的勘探问题。研究中主要根据目前各物探测试方法应用中存在的问题和公路工程初探测试的具体特点,通过小生境遗传算法解决了大数据量的自动反演和分析问题,通过建立现场时域、频域分析方法解决了软弱不良地层的快速探测和现场测试调整技术,通过面波测试方法和折射波测试方法的结合解决了土石分界的综合判定技术。通过本文研究,基本解决了公路工程地质初探中的快速测试、数据分析和判定方法的问题。
论文完成的主要研究工作有:
(1)系统的分析、比较了国内外面波测试方法中信号处理、理论频散曲线的提取、曲线的正演、反演分析理论,研究了相关参数对信号分析的影响。对国际上比较先进的泛音分析法进行了研究,并编制了系统的测试分析软件。
(2)根据国内外相关方法研究的特点,首次实现了小生境遗传算法在频散曲线反演上的应用,提高了面波分析反演的速度,避免了多次人工试算和调整结果,避免了事先模型的假定,并且利用遗传算法的小生境方法,提高了反演分析结果的合理性。
(3)通过有限差分软件Flac3D 的数值模拟,分析了不同情况下软弱不良地层的时域波形和频散特征。从面波在软弱不良地层中的传播规律出发,建立一套完整的数据分析处理方法,从时域和频散曲线等多种渠道对软弱地层进行研究,从而提出相应的软弱不良地层判定标准。
(4)从时域、频域和云图三个阶段分析了软弱不良地层在面波测试过程中的信号表现和分类,提出了典型软弱地层情况下不同测试阶段的表现形式和判断标准,为在不同测试阶段进行软弱不良地层判定提供了系统的依据。并对软弱不良地层测试的参数设计、测试步骤等给出了具体的操作流程,为现场测试和软弱不良地层的准确判定奠定了坚实的基础。
(5)通过对弹性波在土石地层中传播规律的研究,分别提出面波和折射波进行土石分界检测的基本原理,指出各自的优缺点,最后提出利用二者优点进行土石分界综合检测的基本方法。通过现场工程应用,取得了较好的应用效果,避免了单一方法存在的不足。
(6)通过大量现场实测结果分析,提出综合检测土石分界的关键技术,建立土石分界的判定标准。
(7)将提出的检测方法应用于大量的实体工程测试中,通过测试效果表明,
In this paper, the writer holds the development trend of geophysical exploration home and abroad. Surface wave, refractive wave method can often is used in construction quality evaluation of weak stratum and soil rock interface determination in highway embankment field. By remedying the disadvantage of current settle method and taking into account the characteristic of highway embankment exploration, genetic algorithm based on inches is proposed to solute the automatic inversion and analysis while excessive data exist. The analysis of locale time and frequency domain is proposed to solute the fast exploration of weak stratum and testing in-situ adjusting .The surface wave testing and refractive wave testing are combined to solute soil rock interface determination. In this way, fast testing, data analysis, determinant method can be achieved in highway engineering geological exploration.
This paper includes achievements as following:
(1) For surface wave testing method home and abroad, signal analysis, the abstraction of dispersion curves in theory, version and inversion analysis theory are analyzed and compared by the numbers. The effect of related parameter on signal analysis is found. Overtone analysis method, which is advanced international, is investigated, and systemic testing analysis software is compiled.
(2) Based on characteristics of related investigation methods, the application of genetic algorithm based on inches to dispersion curves inversion is realized for the first time. The analysis rapidity of surface wave inversion is enhanced, while manual work and rectifying, the assumer of prior model are avoided. Genetic algorithm based on inches is proposed to improve the rationality of inversion analysis result.
(3) The finite difference software’s Flac3D numerical simulation is used to analyze the time domain waveform and dispersion characteristics in various weak stratum. Based on the transmit law of surface wave in weak stratum, an integrated data analysis method is established. Weak stratum is studied from time domain and dispersion curves aspects; weak stratum determinant criterion is brought forward.
(4) In weak stratum, signal behavior and rating are analyzed from time domain, frequency domain and cloud picture while surface wave testing is being carried through. Appearance and determinant criterion in various testing phases of weak stratum are proposed, which provide abundant evidences for weak stratum determinant. Parameters
and steps of weak stratum testing are embodied, which establish stable foundation for testing in-situ and weak stratum’s precision determinant. (5) Elastic wave’s transmit law in soil rock stratum is investigated and postulate of soil rock interface determination when surface wave and refractive wave transit. Because each has advantages and disadvantages, both advantages are imposed in oil rock interface determination. This measure has superiority in abundance locale engineering and avoids both disadvantages. (6) A great deal of testing in-situ results are analyzed and critical technology in soil rock interface determination is proposed, so soil rock interface determination determinant criterion could be established. (7) The provided testing measure is applied in a mass of engineering testing. The results indicate that the measure can achieve engineering setting’s basic require and the determination criterion is available.
论文完成的主要研究工作有:
(1)系统的分析、比较了国内外面波测试方法中信号处理、理论频散曲线的提取、曲线的正演、反演分析理论,研究了相关参数对信号分析的影响。对国际上比较先进的泛音分析法进行了研究,并编制了系统的测试分析软件。
(2)根据国内外相关方法研究的特点,首次实现了小生境遗传算法在频散曲线反演上的应用,提高了面波分析反演的速度,避免了多次人工试算和调整结果,避免了事先模型的假定,并且利用遗传算法的小生境方法,提高了反演分析结果的合理性。
(3)通过有限差分软件Flac3D 的数值模拟,分析了不同情况下软弱不良地层的时域波形和频散特征。从面波在软弱不良地层中的传播规律出发,建立一套完整的数据分析处理方法,从时域和频散曲线等多种渠道对软弱地层进行研究,从而提出相应的软弱不良地层判定标准。
(4)从时域、频域和云图三个阶段分析了软弱不良地层在面波测试过程中的信号表现和分类,提出了典型软弱地层情况下不同测试阶段的表现形式和判断标准,为在不同测试阶段进行软弱不良地层判定提供了系统的依据。并对软弱不良地层测试的参数设计、测试步骤等给出了具体的操作流程,为现场测试和软弱不良地层的准确判定奠定了坚实的基础。
(5)通过对弹性波在土石地层中传播规律的研究,分别提出面波和折射波进行土石分界检测的基本原理,指出各自的优缺点,最后提出利用二者优点进行土石分界综合检测的基本方法。通过现场工程应用,取得了较好的应用效果,避免了单一方法存在的不足。
(6)通过大量现场实测结果分析,提出综合检测土石分界的关键技术,建立土石分界的判定标准。
(7)将提出的检测方法应用于大量的实体工程测试中,通过测试效果表明,
In this paper, the writer holds the development trend of geophysical exploration home and abroad. Surface wave, refractive wave method can often is used in construction quality evaluation of weak stratum and soil rock interface determination in highway embankment field. By remedying the disadvantage of current settle method and taking into account the characteristic of highway embankment exploration, genetic algorithm based on inches is proposed to solute the automatic inversion and analysis while excessive data exist. The analysis of locale time and frequency domain is proposed to solute the fast exploration of weak stratum and testing in-situ adjusting .The surface wave testing and refractive wave testing are combined to solute soil rock interface determination. In this way, fast testing, data analysis, determinant method can be achieved in highway engineering geological exploration.
This paper includes achievements as following:
(1) For surface wave testing method home and abroad, signal analysis, the abstraction of dispersion curves in theory, version and inversion analysis theory are analyzed and compared by the numbers. The effect of related parameter on signal analysis is found. Overtone analysis method, which is advanced international, is investigated, and systemic testing analysis software is compiled.
(2) Based on characteristics of related investigation methods, the application of genetic algorithm based on inches to dispersion curves inversion is realized for the first time. The analysis rapidity of surface wave inversion is enhanced, while manual work and rectifying, the assumer of prior model are avoided. Genetic algorithm based on inches is proposed to improve the rationality of inversion analysis result.
(3) The finite difference software’s Flac3D numerical simulation is used to analyze the time domain waveform and dispersion characteristics in various weak stratum. Based on the transmit law of surface wave in weak stratum, an integrated data analysis method is established. Weak stratum is studied from time domain and dispersion curves aspects; weak stratum determinant criterion is brought forward.
(4) In weak stratum, signal behavior and rating are analyzed from time domain, frequency domain and cloud picture while surface wave testing is being carried through. Appearance and determinant criterion in various testing phases of weak stratum are proposed, which provide abundant evidences for weak stratum determinant. Parameters
and steps of weak stratum testing are embodied, which establish stable foundation for testing in-situ and weak stratum’s precision determinant. (5) Elastic wave’s transmit law in soil rock stratum is investigated and postulate of soil rock interface determination when surface wave and refractive wave transit. Because each has advantages and disadvantages, both advantages are imposed in oil rock interface determination. This measure has superiority in abundance locale engineering and avoids both disadvantages. (6) A great deal of testing in-situ results are analyzed and critical technology in soil rock interface determination is proposed, so soil rock interface determination determinant criterion could be established. (7) The provided testing measure is applied in a mass of engineering testing. The results indicate that the measure can achieve engineering setting’s basic require and the determination criterion is available.
引文
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