水工弧形闸门流激振动的MR智能半主动控制仿真研究
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摘要
水工弧形钢闸门由于结构轻巧，操作方便，得到了广泛的应用。但同时也因为刚度、阻尼小，容易振动。弧形钢闸门在侧止水漏水或失效和下游淹没出流的小开度组合情况下，将发生强烈的自激振动。对这种自激振动采用水力学条件优化和结构优化并不能较好地抑制闸门的强烈振动，而且这种优化只能在闸门建造前应用。智能材料的发展和振动控制技术的运用，为解决闸门的强烈自激振动问题提供了可能和新的途径，特别是对已建闸门，意义更大。本文主要致力于寻求一种能进一步解决闸门自激振动问题的有效控制装置和控制策略。本文以某水利枢纽的导流底孔弧形钢闸门为研究背景，根据简化三维模型和模拟的时程荷载，对MR智能阻尼器用于弧形闸门结构的流激振动反应减振控制进行了多种智能半主动控制研究。
本文首先基于三维空间有限元模型的动力分析建立了弧形闸门结构动力等效的三维多自由度集中质量简化模型，并利用简化模型进行了结构的动力特性和振动反应分析。两种模型的动力特性和振动反应比较表明，弧形闸门的减振控制中可以采用本文建立的三维多自由度简化模型。
然后，根据弧形闸门水弹性模型实验结果和相关实测结果用遗传算法模拟了产生破坏性振动的激振平稳脉动荷载和非平稳脉动荷载时程曲线，并提出了非平稳荷载时程的时变AR建模方法。该法假定时变参数按马尔可夫方式变化，采用最大似然估计、过滤和平滑的方法获得AR模型的时变参数。
模糊逻辑控制是一种特别适用于无法得到准确数学模型、多输入、具有不确定因素、非线形系统的控制方法。基于多种群遗传算法的模糊系统的优化设计，把模糊控制和遗传算法结合起来，用遗传算法优化模糊控制的隶属度函数和控制规则，充分发挥了遗传算法强大的寻优能力，构成一种控制优化的设计思想，改善了模糊控制的效果。把遗传优化模糊控制和半主动控制结合起来，构成了本文的优化模糊半主动控制策略。
根据水工弧形闸门的结构特点，建立了水工弧形闸门结构MR阻尼器智能减振系统模型，对智能控制系统模型采用LQ半主动控制策略和遗传优化模糊半主动控策略进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明，采用这两种半主动控策略的智能阻尼器均能有效地减小弧形闸门结构的振动反应，并且减振效果对平稳荷载和非
Hydraulic arch sluice is one of popular types of gates applied in hydraulic projects because of light structure and easily operation. But, meanwhile, arch sluice vibration can be easily excited by fluctant water pressure due to relative little stiffness and damp. In the case of small opening and submerged discharge, if rubber seal system of arch sluice damaged (the usual type of damage for arch sluice), the interaction between water and sluice may cause intensive structural vibration so as to result in arch sluice damage at last. Improving hydraulic boundary condition and optimizing arch sluice structure are very important measures to reduce the vibration, but these measures which can only be taken before construction are not enough for reduction of the vibration. Employing structure control method is a further possible and new way to solve the problem duo to the development of intelligent material and control technic. This method is significant for vibration mitigation of already existing arch sluice. In this paper, an arch sluice of a diversion bottom outlet in certain large hydro junction is taken into account. Based on simplified 3-dimension structural model and simulated time-history fluctuant pressure, several "on-off energy dissipation" intelligent semi-active control strategies are investigated in order to reduce the vibration of the arch sluice installed with MR dampers.
Realization of vibration control of the harmful flow-inducinn vibration of arch sluice needs simplification of sluice model. Three-dimensional finite element method is used to calculate the structural dynamic properties, and the principle of equivalent dynamic properties is adopted to modify the simplified mechanical model of arch sluice. Three-dimensional simplified structure model and its system parameter of the equivalent arch sluice are determined. The results of analysis and calculation show that the simplified three dimensional mechanical model can reflect the dynamic properties of arch sluice structures and the vibration reaction of stochastic pulse pressure. Therefore, it can be used in the intellinent control desinn of arch sluice installed with dampers.
One of the key problems in flow-Induced vibration analysis of radial hate is to determine the stochastic fluctuant pressure. According to experimental result and relative field surveying data, the genetic algorithm is applied to simulate stationary time-history fluctuant pressure which causes intensive vibration of the sluice. Meanwhile, time variable AR modeling of nonstationary time-history fluctuant pressure is developed. This modeling method assume that time variable parameters are Markov process. Time variable parameters can be obtained by employing maximum likelihood optimization, filtering and fixed interval smoothing algorithms. These jobs provide a condition for time-history analysis and further control analysis.
Fuzzy logic control (FLC) is one of intelligent control methods in structural control, especially suitable for control system with no exact mathmetical model,
本文首先基于三维空间有限元模型的动力分析建立了弧形闸门结构动力等效的三维多自由度集中质量简化模型，并利用简化模型进行了结构的动力特性和振动反应分析。两种模型的动力特性和振动反应比较表明，弧形闸门的减振控制中可以采用本文建立的三维多自由度简化模型。
然后，根据弧形闸门水弹性模型实验结果和相关实测结果用遗传算法模拟了产生破坏性振动的激振平稳脉动荷载和非平稳脉动荷载时程曲线，并提出了非平稳荷载时程的时变AR建模方法。该法假定时变参数按马尔可夫方式变化，采用最大似然估计、过滤和平滑的方法获得AR模型的时变参数。
模糊逻辑控制是一种特别适用于无法得到准确数学模型、多输入、具有不确定因素、非线形系统的控制方法。基于多种群遗传算法的模糊系统的优化设计，把模糊控制和遗传算法结合起来，用遗传算法优化模糊控制的隶属度函数和控制规则，充分发挥了遗传算法强大的寻优能力，构成一种控制优化的设计思想，改善了模糊控制的效果。把遗传优化模糊控制和半主动控制结合起来，构成了本文的优化模糊半主动控制策略。
根据水工弧形闸门的结构特点，建立了水工弧形闸门结构MR阻尼器智能减振系统模型，对智能控制系统模型采用LQ半主动控制策略和遗传优化模糊半主动控策略进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明，采用这两种半主动控策略的智能阻尼器均能有效地减小弧形闸门结构的振动反应，并且减振效果对平稳荷载和非
Hydraulic arch sluice is one of popular types of gates applied in hydraulic projects because of light structure and easily operation. But, meanwhile, arch sluice vibration can be easily excited by fluctant water pressure due to relative little stiffness and damp. In the case of small opening and submerged discharge, if rubber seal system of arch sluice damaged (the usual type of damage for arch sluice), the interaction between water and sluice may cause intensive structural vibration so as to result in arch sluice damage at last. Improving hydraulic boundary condition and optimizing arch sluice structure are very important measures to reduce the vibration, but these measures which can only be taken before construction are not enough for reduction of the vibration. Employing structure control method is a further possible and new way to solve the problem duo to the development of intelligent material and control technic. This method is significant for vibration mitigation of already existing arch sluice. In this paper, an arch sluice of a diversion bottom outlet in certain large hydro junction is taken into account. Based on simplified 3-dimension structural model and simulated time-history fluctuant pressure, several "on-off energy dissipation" intelligent semi-active control strategies are investigated in order to reduce the vibration of the arch sluice installed with MR dampers.
Realization of vibration control of the harmful flow-inducinn vibration of arch sluice needs simplification of sluice model. Three-dimensional finite element method is used to calculate the structural dynamic properties, and the principle of equivalent dynamic properties is adopted to modify the simplified mechanical model of arch sluice. Three-dimensional simplified structure model and its system parameter of the equivalent arch sluice are determined. The results of analysis and calculation show that the simplified three dimensional mechanical model can reflect the dynamic properties of arch sluice structures and the vibration reaction of stochastic pulse pressure. Therefore, it can be used in the intellinent control desinn of arch sluice installed with dampers.
One of the key problems in flow-Induced vibration analysis of radial hate is to determine the stochastic fluctuant pressure. According to experimental result and relative field surveying data, the genetic algorithm is applied to simulate stationary time-history fluctuant pressure which causes intensive vibration of the sluice. Meanwhile, time variable AR modeling of nonstationary time-history fluctuant pressure is developed. This modeling method assume that time variable parameters are Markov process. Time variable parameters can be obtained by employing maximum likelihood optimization, filtering and fixed interval smoothing algorithms. These jobs provide a condition for time-history analysis and further control analysis.
Fuzzy logic control (FLC) is one of intelligent control methods in structural control, especially suitable for control system with no exact mathmetical model,
引文
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