小球藻的高压诱变及生理生化响应
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摘要
压力作为一个重要的物理参数，已经在生物学中引起了广泛的应用。本文研究了高静水压对小球藻个体形态、及其生理生化特性的影响，比较了不同压力条件处理后的小球藻和对照组之间的生化指标的差异性并对其细胞超微结构进行表征。主要研究结果如下：
1 80MPa的静水压力不能导致小球藻致死，300MPa的压力对小球藻有明显的致死效应，但仍然有存活小球藻。300MPa压力处理1h对小球藻的个体形态影响不大，经过不同次数高压处理(80MPa，24h)能够提高小球藻的个体尺寸，其中3次压力处理组个体尺寸变化最为明显。
2 经80MPa高压处理不同时间，小球藻的生物量蛋白含量以及抗氧化酶活性均发生变化。其中12h压力处理组获取最大干质量，蛋白含量随着干质量的增加而减少。300MPa预处理1h，80MPa再处理不同时间后，2h组具有最大干质量，6h组具有最高蛋白含量。两种情况下的抗氧化酶活性随着压力时间的增加而下降。
3 通过对小球藻进行不同次数高压(300MPa，24h)处理研究，结果表明，3次高压处理组小球藻具有最快生长速率和最大生物量，并且生长代时缩短。并且3次高压处理组的色素含量增加也最为明显，可能是由于小球藻光合作用加强的原因。
4 不同次数压力处理组小球藻，其子代的生长与当代有所不同。3次高压处理组的干质量最大，1次高压处理组的蛋白含量最高，各子代的色素含量并没有增加。多代培养压力处理后的小球藻，其干质量、蛋白含量均高于对照组，并且蛋白含量增加与压力次数无关。叶绿素含量与对照组相比没有增加，但3次压力处理组总类胡萝卜素含量有所增加。
5 与对照组相比，80MPa处理组小球藻的细胞壁基本保持完整，蛋白核的发育也不会受到明显的损伤，而光合作用产生的淀粉颗粒物数量有所增加，部分线粒体发生轻微破坏。300MPa压力处理组的小球藻细胞壁表面极为粗糙，蛋白核的发育受到阻碍，部分藻细胞中观察不到蛋白核的存在，线粒体发生肿胀性破坏。
Pressure is an important physical parameter; it has attracted more and more attention in biological sphere. The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the morphology, growth and physiological characteristics of C.vulgaris were studied in this paper. The differences of physiological characteristics between C.vulgaris treated by hydrostatic pressure and the control were compared. The morphological changes of C.vulgaris were also carried out in this study. The main results are as follows:
1. 80 MPa pressure seems not to be lethal to C.vulgaris, while 300 MPa pressure can result a significant death of C.vulgaris, a minority of C.vulgaris were surviving. 300 MPa pressure treated for an hour didn't contribute to its size, while several times of 300 MPa pressure treatment for 24 h is favored to the increase of C.vulgaris size, among which, 300 MPa pressure treated for 3 times has the most significant effect.
2. The difference of dry weight, protein content and anti-oxidant enzyme activity between 80 MPa pressed C.vulgaris for different hours and the control were demonstrated. The highest cell dry weight was obtained when C.vulgaris was cultured after 12 hour's pressure treatment. Protein content increases with the decrease of dry weight. When C.vulgaris was preliminary pretreated by 300 MPa high hydrostatic pressure for an hour, then pressured by 80 MPa pressure for different hours, C.vulgaris which was treated for 2 hours has the maximal cell dry weight, treated with 6 hours has a maximal protein content. Under both condition, anti-oxidant enzyme activity decreases with the increase of pressed time.
3. The Physiological characteristics of C.vulgaris treated by 300 MPa pressure for 24 hours with different times were compared with the control. The result indicated that the cultured C.vulgaris pressed by 300 MPa pressure for three times obtained the maximal growth rate and the highest cell dry weight, and cell generation time were shorten compared with the control. Besides that, the increased pigment content was measured in the three times pressed C.vulgaris cell, maybe the function of photosynthesis was strengthened.
1 80MPa的静水压力不能导致小球藻致死，300MPa的压力对小球藻有明显的致死效应，但仍然有存活小球藻。300MPa压力处理1h对小球藻的个体形态影响不大，经过不同次数高压处理(80MPa，24h)能够提高小球藻的个体尺寸，其中3次压力处理组个体尺寸变化最为明显。
2 经80MPa高压处理不同时间，小球藻的生物量蛋白含量以及抗氧化酶活性均发生变化。其中12h压力处理组获取最大干质量，蛋白含量随着干质量的增加而减少。300MPa预处理1h，80MPa再处理不同时间后，2h组具有最大干质量，6h组具有最高蛋白含量。两种情况下的抗氧化酶活性随着压力时间的增加而下降。
3 通过对小球藻进行不同次数高压(300MPa，24h)处理研究，结果表明，3次高压处理组小球藻具有最快生长速率和最大生物量，并且生长代时缩短。并且3次高压处理组的色素含量增加也最为明显，可能是由于小球藻光合作用加强的原因。
4 不同次数压力处理组小球藻，其子代的生长与当代有所不同。3次高压处理组的干质量最大，1次高压处理组的蛋白含量最高，各子代的色素含量并没有增加。多代培养压力处理后的小球藻，其干质量、蛋白含量均高于对照组，并且蛋白含量增加与压力次数无关。叶绿素含量与对照组相比没有增加，但3次压力处理组总类胡萝卜素含量有所增加。
5 与对照组相比，80MPa处理组小球藻的细胞壁基本保持完整，蛋白核的发育也不会受到明显的损伤，而光合作用产生的淀粉颗粒物数量有所增加，部分线粒体发生轻微破坏。300MPa压力处理组的小球藻细胞壁表面极为粗糙，蛋白核的发育受到阻碍，部分藻细胞中观察不到蛋白核的存在，线粒体发生肿胀性破坏。
Pressure is an important physical parameter; it has attracted more and more attention in biological sphere. The effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the morphology, growth and physiological characteristics of C.vulgaris were studied in this paper. The differences of physiological characteristics between C.vulgaris treated by hydrostatic pressure and the control were compared. The morphological changes of C.vulgaris were also carried out in this study. The main results are as follows:
1. 80 MPa pressure seems not to be lethal to C.vulgaris, while 300 MPa pressure can result a significant death of C.vulgaris, a minority of C.vulgaris were surviving. 300 MPa pressure treated for an hour didn't contribute to its size, while several times of 300 MPa pressure treatment for 24 h is favored to the increase of C.vulgaris size, among which, 300 MPa pressure treated for 3 times has the most significant effect.
2. The difference of dry weight, protein content and anti-oxidant enzyme activity between 80 MPa pressed C.vulgaris for different hours and the control were demonstrated. The highest cell dry weight was obtained when C.vulgaris was cultured after 12 hour's pressure treatment. Protein content increases with the decrease of dry weight. When C.vulgaris was preliminary pretreated by 300 MPa high hydrostatic pressure for an hour, then pressured by 80 MPa pressure for different hours, C.vulgaris which was treated for 2 hours has the maximal cell dry weight, treated with 6 hours has a maximal protein content. Under both condition, anti-oxidant enzyme activity decreases with the increase of pressed time.
3. The Physiological characteristics of C.vulgaris treated by 300 MPa pressure for 24 hours with different times were compared with the control. The result indicated that the cultured C.vulgaris pressed by 300 MPa pressure for three times obtained the maximal growth rate and the highest cell dry weight, and cell generation time were shorten compared with the control. Besides that, the increased pigment content was measured in the three times pressed C.vulgaris cell, maybe the function of photosynthesis was strengthened.
引文
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