三向压力盒地应力测试与反演方法研究
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摘要
地应力是引起地下工程围岩变形和破坏的根本作用力,是进行围岩稳定性分析,实现岩石地下工程开挖支护设计所需的基本条件。煤矿深部围岩大多破碎软弱,力学强度低,在这样松软的围岩中进行地应力的有效测试是非常困难的。因此,对松散软弱围岩的地应力进行准确测试,基于测试数据反演分析巷道区域、整个矿井或矿区的地应力场分布,对矿区或矿井规划、巷道和采区整体布局及巷道支护设计等具有重要意义。针对这一构思,本文的研究工作分为软弱岩体地应力测试方法和基于地应力实测数据的地应力场反分析方法两个主要部分部分,具体研究内容如下：
第一部分,对目前常用的地应力测试方法及其研究现状与使用条件进行了总结,得出“在松软围岩中进行地应力测试目前还没有行之有效的方法”的结论,从而提出了一种适用于松散软弱围岩的地应力测试方法——三向压力盒地应力测试方法。该方法的研究主要包括地应力测试原理、测试步骤和岩土三向压力盒、输送安装杆等测试设备的研制等内容。其中岩土三向压力盒的研制是研究的重点,分析了岩土工程中常用的压力传感原理及测试场地条件限制等因素。三向压力盒以电阻应变式压力测量原理为基础进行设计,主要包括外观设计、内部的压力测控系统及显示电路设计、完全温度补偿技术研究等内容。
第二部分,概述了初始地应力场反演分析的常用方法,对比各方法的优缺点,提出了自己的研究思路。主要对有限元多元回归分析反演方法作了进一步的研究,针对样本应力场与实际应力场偏差过大的情况提出了该方法的改进算法。通过常规算法与改进算法的算例对比分析,说明了改进算法算出的回归值更接近于实测值,精度更高。
最后,对全文的研究工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。
Geostress is the fundamental stress which causes the rock deformation and damage, which is the necessary precondition of the rock stability analysis and the design of the underground rock excavation engineering. Most deep rock in mine is broken, soft and low mechanical strength, so it is difficult to measure stress accurately. Therefore, making accurate test for geostress of loose and soft rock, and doing inversion analysis of roadway area and the entire mine or mining area based on test data, which will have an important significance for planning of mining or mine area, overall layout of roadway and mining area, and the design of roadway supporting. In response to this idea, the article divide into two parts, which are stress measurement method in soft rock and back analysis of the stress field according to measured stress. The specific contents are as follows:
In the first part, the article summarized the commonly used method, research status, and useful conditions, which concluded that there was no effective method for stress measurement in the soft rock. So it presented an effective method—stress measurement method by the three-pressure cell, which could use in soft rock. The study of this method included the principles of stress measurement, measurement procedures, geotechnical three-pressure cell, and the install poles and so on. Manufacturing of the geotechnical three-pressure cells was the most important content, which analyzed some factors which included principles of pressure sensing devices commonly using in geotechnical engineering, the measuring site conditions and so on. The design of the three-pressure cell was based on the principles of resistance strain pressure monitoring system. The design included the appearance design, the internal pressure control system, display circuit design, and complete temperature compensation technology and so on.
In the second part, it summarized some commonly used back analysis methods of initial stress field. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the article putted forwards the research ideas. It made further research on the back analysis of multivariate regression model. And it presented an improved algorithm, according to large deviations between the samples stress field and the actual stress field. It compared the results by an example through the use of conventional algorithms and improved algorithm, the latter's regression values closed to the measured values, and achieved higher accuracy.
Finally, the article summarized the main work of the text, and discussed the future research.
第一部分,对目前常用的地应力测试方法及其研究现状与使用条件进行了总结,得出“在松软围岩中进行地应力测试目前还没有行之有效的方法”的结论,从而提出了一种适用于松散软弱围岩的地应力测试方法——三向压力盒地应力测试方法。该方法的研究主要包括地应力测试原理、测试步骤和岩土三向压力盒、输送安装杆等测试设备的研制等内容。其中岩土三向压力盒的研制是研究的重点,分析了岩土工程中常用的压力传感原理及测试场地条件限制等因素。三向压力盒以电阻应变式压力测量原理为基础进行设计,主要包括外观设计、内部的压力测控系统及显示电路设计、完全温度补偿技术研究等内容。
第二部分,概述了初始地应力场反演分析的常用方法,对比各方法的优缺点,提出了自己的研究思路。主要对有限元多元回归分析反演方法作了进一步的研究,针对样本应力场与实际应力场偏差过大的情况提出了该方法的改进算法。通过常规算法与改进算法的算例对比分析,说明了改进算法算出的回归值更接近于实测值,精度更高。
最后,对全文的研究工作进行了总结,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。
Geostress is the fundamental stress which causes the rock deformation and damage, which is the necessary precondition of the rock stability analysis and the design of the underground rock excavation engineering. Most deep rock in mine is broken, soft and low mechanical strength, so it is difficult to measure stress accurately. Therefore, making accurate test for geostress of loose and soft rock, and doing inversion analysis of roadway area and the entire mine or mining area based on test data, which will have an important significance for planning of mining or mine area, overall layout of roadway and mining area, and the design of roadway supporting. In response to this idea, the article divide into two parts, which are stress measurement method in soft rock and back analysis of the stress field according to measured stress. The specific contents are as follows:
In the first part, the article summarized the commonly used method, research status, and useful conditions, which concluded that there was no effective method for stress measurement in the soft rock. So it presented an effective method—stress measurement method by the three-pressure cell, which could use in soft rock. The study of this method included the principles of stress measurement, measurement procedures, geotechnical three-pressure cell, and the install poles and so on. Manufacturing of the geotechnical three-pressure cells was the most important content, which analyzed some factors which included principles of pressure sensing devices commonly using in geotechnical engineering, the measuring site conditions and so on. The design of the three-pressure cell was based on the principles of resistance strain pressure monitoring system. The design included the appearance design, the internal pressure control system, display circuit design, and complete temperature compensation technology and so on.
In the second part, it summarized some commonly used back analysis methods of initial stress field. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method, the article putted forwards the research ideas. It made further research on the back analysis of multivariate regression model. And it presented an improved algorithm, according to large deviations between the samples stress field and the actual stress field. It compared the results by an example through the use of conventional algorithms and improved algorithm, the latter's regression values closed to the measured values, and achieved higher accuracy.
Finally, the article summarized the main work of the text, and discussed the future research.
引文
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