面向对象空间实体矢量模型及其应用研究
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摘要
作为空间数据采集、处理、分析、表达和服务的新兴信息技术,地理信息系统(GIS)能够将全球性或区域性信息进行集成,广泛应用于政府和商业组织,在空间数据管理、办公自动化、辅助决策等方面取得了显著的成果。随着计算机网络和GIS技术的飞速发展,社会信息化需求日益兴旺,地理信息系统与行业信息系统的有机结合是各行各业信息化建设的主要发展趋势。目前基于GIS技术的行业信息化建设主要具有三个基本特征:(1)积累了海量地理数据,形成庞大的数据库;(2)采用网络技术,支持企业级数据管理和交换,构建基于GIS技术的地理空间数据共享体系;(3)将GIS与相关信息技术集成,提供办公自动化、空间分析、决策支持等服务。
GIS的大规模应用提出了两个技术挑战:一是如何高效地储存、组织和管理海量地理数据,二是在网络环境中如何方便地共享地理数据,更好地利用地理信息进行业务管理、辅助决策和科学研究。本论文针对网络环境中分布式GIS应用需求,就空间数据模型、结构、建库等理论与技术问题,提出了面向对象空间实体矢量描述模型,设计了相应的数据结构,构建了分布式数据库系统,并对空间数据的共享模式等进行了研究和探讨。主要研究内容如下:
1.研究面向对象技术的GIS数据模型
在分析和总结已有GIS数据模型的优缺点的基础上,从人类对客观世界的认知出发,探讨了对客观地理空间世界的认知方法和模型,提出了面向对象的数据模型研究思想、方法和框架,为面向对象空间实体矢量模型的定义和设计提供了理论依据。
2.提出了面向对象空间实体矢量模型(OOSEVM)
采用面向对象方式,定义了空间实体元对象、组合对象及各种空间类,设计了OOSEVM的体系结构、空间操作方法及基于OOSEVM的空间实体描述方法。
3.设计了基于OOSEVM的分布式空间数据管理方法
空间数据库是由元对象数据库、对象数据库和方法库构成。对这些数据库的数据组织形式和方法进行了详细研究与探讨。
4.论述了基于OOSEVM分布式的空间数据共享模式
在分析传统空间数据共享方法的基础上,提出了基于OOSEVM的分布式空间数据共享模式,把面向对象描述和对象关系型数据库管理有机地结合起来,实现数据共享从单一的结构性共享向更抽象的面向对象地理模型共享发展。
5.进行了基于OOSEVM分布式空间数据库的应用研究
研究了城乡一体化地籍管理的具体内容和数据组织形式,详细设计了基于OOSEVM分布式城乡一体化地籍数据库体系。
《凌云县城区地形地籍测绘及地理信息数据库建设》和《基于工作流技术的动态地籍综合业务管理系统》项目采用了本文的研究成果,验证了所提出数据模型和数据结构的可行性,以及网络化地理数据共享技术方案的有效性。
As an emerging information technology for geospatial data collection, management, analysis, presentation and services, geographic information systems (GIS) is capable of handling regional and global geographic data. It has been widely applied in government and business sectors, and has gained very good reputations in geospatial data management, office automation and decision making. With the rapid development of computer networks and geographic information technology, social demands on information systems are increased quickly and the GIS are commonly embedded in general information systems in most government and business sectors. There are three trends in recent GIS projects: (1) mass geospatial data are accumulated and organized in huge databases for quite a few users. (2) Distributed GIS and database technologies are popularly utilized to support enterprise level data management, dissemination and data sharing. (3) GIS are generally integrated with OA, MIS and other information technologies to provide office automation, spatial analysis and decision making.
Two challenges are emerging from the broad applications of GIS. The first is how to store, organize and manage large volume of geospatial data efficiently. Another is how to share and utilize the data effectively in business management, decision making and scientific research in networked environment. Considering the distributed GIS architecture and data issues such as data model, structure and database design, this paper introduces an object-oriented spatial entities vector model (OOSEVM) and the data structure for geospatial data. Based on the new data model, a distributed geospatial database system is designed. The mechanism of geospatial data sharing is also discussed. The main research topics include:
(1) Object-oriented GIS data model
On the basis of review, comparison and analysis of existing GIS data models, geospatial representation methods and models of real geographic world are discussed from the perspective of human cognition. The object-oriented approach to data modeling, including the thoughts, methods and techniques, is introduced and lays a solid foundation for database design.
(2) An object-oriented spatial entities vector model (OOSEVM)
The simple objects, combined objects and classes of spatial entities for OOSEVM are defined. The technical architecture, spatial operation methods are designed for database management.
(3) Distributed database design based on OOSEVM
The distributed database management system for geospatial data, consisting of object-oriented spatial data, object methods and spatial metadata, is developed. The mechanism and methods for data organization are analyzed detailedly.
(4) Spatial data sharing model based on OOSEVM distribution
Based on the existing methods, a distributed OOSEVM for spatial data sharing model was proposed. The object-oriented scheme and object-relationship database management are combined to expand data sharing in networked environment.
(5) Application research of distributed spatial databases
Based on the analysis of data requirements and data contents of urban and rural cadastral management in local government, the distributed spatial database is implemented and verified carefully.
The research results have been applied to the projects of“Topographic and cadastral mapping & GIS database development for Lingyun county”and“Work-flow customization and comprehensive cadastral management information systems”in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The application systems have showed that the OOSEVM, data structure and distributed database designed in this paper are technically feasible, and the data sharing methods are practically effective.
GIS的大规模应用提出了两个技术挑战:一是如何高效地储存、组织和管理海量地理数据,二是在网络环境中如何方便地共享地理数据,更好地利用地理信息进行业务管理、辅助决策和科学研究。本论文针对网络环境中分布式GIS应用需求,就空间数据模型、结构、建库等理论与技术问题,提出了面向对象空间实体矢量描述模型,设计了相应的数据结构,构建了分布式数据库系统,并对空间数据的共享模式等进行了研究和探讨。主要研究内容如下:
1.研究面向对象技术的GIS数据模型
在分析和总结已有GIS数据模型的优缺点的基础上,从人类对客观世界的认知出发,探讨了对客观地理空间世界的认知方法和模型,提出了面向对象的数据模型研究思想、方法和框架,为面向对象空间实体矢量模型的定义和设计提供了理论依据。
2.提出了面向对象空间实体矢量模型(OOSEVM)
采用面向对象方式,定义了空间实体元对象、组合对象及各种空间类,设计了OOSEVM的体系结构、空间操作方法及基于OOSEVM的空间实体描述方法。
3.设计了基于OOSEVM的分布式空间数据管理方法
空间数据库是由元对象数据库、对象数据库和方法库构成。对这些数据库的数据组织形式和方法进行了详细研究与探讨。
4.论述了基于OOSEVM分布式的空间数据共享模式
在分析传统空间数据共享方法的基础上,提出了基于OOSEVM的分布式空间数据共享模式,把面向对象描述和对象关系型数据库管理有机地结合起来,实现数据共享从单一的结构性共享向更抽象的面向对象地理模型共享发展。
5.进行了基于OOSEVM分布式空间数据库的应用研究
研究了城乡一体化地籍管理的具体内容和数据组织形式,详细设计了基于OOSEVM分布式城乡一体化地籍数据库体系。
《凌云县城区地形地籍测绘及地理信息数据库建设》和《基于工作流技术的动态地籍综合业务管理系统》项目采用了本文的研究成果,验证了所提出数据模型和数据结构的可行性,以及网络化地理数据共享技术方案的有效性。
As an emerging information technology for geospatial data collection, management, analysis, presentation and services, geographic information systems (GIS) is capable of handling regional and global geographic data. It has been widely applied in government and business sectors, and has gained very good reputations in geospatial data management, office automation and decision making. With the rapid development of computer networks and geographic information technology, social demands on information systems are increased quickly and the GIS are commonly embedded in general information systems in most government and business sectors. There are three trends in recent GIS projects: (1) mass geospatial data are accumulated and organized in huge databases for quite a few users. (2) Distributed GIS and database technologies are popularly utilized to support enterprise level data management, dissemination and data sharing. (3) GIS are generally integrated with OA, MIS and other information technologies to provide office automation, spatial analysis and decision making.
Two challenges are emerging from the broad applications of GIS. The first is how to store, organize and manage large volume of geospatial data efficiently. Another is how to share and utilize the data effectively in business management, decision making and scientific research in networked environment. Considering the distributed GIS architecture and data issues such as data model, structure and database design, this paper introduces an object-oriented spatial entities vector model (OOSEVM) and the data structure for geospatial data. Based on the new data model, a distributed geospatial database system is designed. The mechanism of geospatial data sharing is also discussed. The main research topics include:
(1) Object-oriented GIS data model
On the basis of review, comparison and analysis of existing GIS data models, geospatial representation methods and models of real geographic world are discussed from the perspective of human cognition. The object-oriented approach to data modeling, including the thoughts, methods and techniques, is introduced and lays a solid foundation for database design.
(2) An object-oriented spatial entities vector model (OOSEVM)
The simple objects, combined objects and classes of spatial entities for OOSEVM are defined. The technical architecture, spatial operation methods are designed for database management.
(3) Distributed database design based on OOSEVM
The distributed database management system for geospatial data, consisting of object-oriented spatial data, object methods and spatial metadata, is developed. The mechanism and methods for data organization are analyzed detailedly.
(4) Spatial data sharing model based on OOSEVM distribution
Based on the existing methods, a distributed OOSEVM for spatial data sharing model was proposed. The object-oriented scheme and object-relationship database management are combined to expand data sharing in networked environment.
(5) Application research of distributed spatial databases
Based on the analysis of data requirements and data contents of urban and rural cadastral management in local government, the distributed spatial database is implemented and verified carefully.
The research results have been applied to the projects of“Topographic and cadastral mapping & GIS database development for Lingyun county”and“Work-flow customization and comprehensive cadastral management information systems”in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The application systems have showed that the OOSEVM, data structure and distributed database designed in this paper are technically feasible, and the data sharing methods are practically effective.
引文
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