定子双绕组感应风力发电系统的关键技术研究
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摘要
随着化石能源的快速消耗和环境污染的日益严重，开发和利用可再生能源替代有限的化石能源，已成为最现实的战略选择。而风电作为最清洁的可再生能源之一，已受到全世界的广泛关注，并在近年内得到了飞速的发展。
陆上风电场的不断开发，使得可开发且经济的风场日趋变少，并且占地过多，大量的自然植被被破坏，以及造成的环境负面效应等原因已迫使风电场转向海上发展。而随着海上风电场的离岸距离日渐变远，基于电压源换流器的直流集电输送方案将成为海上风电集电输送的主要选择。这就使得探索和研究可直接输出高压直流电的风力发电机系统成为了未来发展风电的必然需求，在此背景下本文提出将定子双绕组感应发电机（DWIG）系统应用于风力发电，研究自主知识产权的风电技术。
论文针对DWIG风力发电系统的关键技术展开了重点研究，分析了DWIG的数学模型和DWIG风力发电系统的基本控制原理，对电流调制策略进行了更深一步的探讨，提出了一种基于空间电压矢量的滞环电流调制新策略，改善传统滞环电流方法的相间影响，限制开关频率波动，提高电流跟踪性能，使波形更趋于正弦化，并且调试简单，容易实现；为了使系统能够充分利用低风速下的风能，实现宽风速范围运行，提出一种新的DWIG风力发电系统拓扑，对新系统在高低风速两种不同运行方式下的控制策略做了详细的介绍，并针对新系统在拓扑和控制上的特殊性，给出适合于该系统的励磁优化方案，实现了系统在1：4宽转速范围内运行时的励磁变换器容量仅为系统容量的31%；为了实现系统的并网运行，研制了与系统配套运行的全功率并网逆变器，考虑到系统的直流侧电压控制已在发电机侧完成的特殊性，采用了新的双环控制策略，实现稳定运行，性能出色；设计了基于“工控机+数据采集卡+变频器+异步电动机”的风力机模拟系统，解决了在实验室模拟风场运行进行系统实验的难题；提出了适用于DWIG风力发电系统的最大功率追踪控制策略，在不同风速下实现系统输出最大功率，以最大程度地利用风能；研制出一套DWIG风力发电系统的实验室模拟运行平台，包括风力机模拟系统、DWIG发电系统、并网逆变器系统和监控显示系统四部分，可在此平台上进行一系列的实验，验证仿真结果的正确性和控制策略的可行性，并可同时实现系统的并网运行和最大功率追踪。
此外，为了验证DWIG风力发电系统在工程应用上的可行性，在室外的实际风场竖立了一台20kW的DWIG风力发电系统机组，为将来的工程实践奠定了坚实基础；最后，对系统在电网故障下的运行进行了分析和研究，并通过仿真验证了DWIG风力发电系统在电网对称和不对称故障时的低电压穿越能力。
As fossil energy is consumed rapidly and environment problem becomes increasingly severe, thechoice of exploiting and using renewable energy to replace fossil energy has been the most practicalstrategy. Wind power, as one of the most clean renewable energy, has attracted worldwide attention anddeveloped quickly in recent years.
Continuously exploiting onshore wind farms results in less and less of exploitable and economic windfields exist. Many factors as too much occupied area, destruction of vast natural vegetation, andenvironmental negative impact, forced the development of wind farms to be transferred to offshore areagradually. With the distance of offshore wind farms far away from the shore gradually, the DC electrictransmission scheme based on the voltage source converter will be the central choice for offshore windfarms. This makes exploration and research on wind power generators which can directly output high dcvoltage as inevitable demand for future wind power development. Under this circumstance, this thesis putsforward that the dual stator-winding introduction generator (DWIG) system can be applied to wind powergeneration for novel wind energy technology with independent intellectual property.
The thesis focuses on key technologies for DWIG wind power system. Firstly, mathematical modelsof DWIG and basic control theories for DWIG wind power system are deeply analyzed. on that basis, anovel hysteresis current control method based on space voltage vector is proposed for further research oncurrent modulation strategy. Improved hysteresis current method avoids the influence among three legs,limits switch frequency fluctuation, make waveforms more sine, and that easy to implement and debug.Secondly, in order to realize operating under wide wind speed range and broaden the utilization ability ofwind energy under low wind speed, a novel topology for DWIG wind power system is presented. Controlstrategies under low and high wind speed area are introduced in detail. Meanwhile, optimal scheme ofexcitation capacity is given in consideration of particular topology and voltage control strategy. Thescheme helps to realize that the capacity of the system operating in the speed range of1:4is only31%. Thegrid-connected inverter supporting DWIG wind power system is also prepared for realizing grid-connectedoperation. As voltage adjustment on the dc side has been completed on the generator side, a differentdouble loop control strategy is adopted for inverter’s stable operation. The results proved the excellecentperformance of the designed grid-connected inverter. In order to regulate the prime mover to imitate windturbine in the laboratory and achieve the effect of operation in real wind fields, wind turbine simulation system composed by "Industrial Personal Computer+Data Acquisition Card+Micromaster+Asynchronous Motor" is specially designed. The maximum power tracking strategy for DWIG wind powersystem is of course discussed in the thesis, which makes the system output maximum power under differentwind speed. Moreover, an experimental platform for DWIG wind power system is built, which includes fourparts such as wind turbine simulation system, DWIG power generation system, grid inverter system, monitor anddisplay system, and so on. A series of experiments completed on this platform verify the correctness ofsimulation results, feasibility of control strategy, maximum power tracking algorithm.
In addition, in order to verify the feasibility of DWIG wind power system in engineering application, a20kW prototype unit standing in actual wind field is established, which can lay a solid foudation in the futureengineering practice. Finally, analysis and investigation of operating during grid voltage dips and unbalancedconditions caused by grid fault for DWIG wind power system is completed, simulation results prove the lowvoltage ride-through(LVRT) capability of DWIG wind power system operating under grid fault.
陆上风电场的不断开发，使得可开发且经济的风场日趋变少，并且占地过多，大量的自然植被被破坏，以及造成的环境负面效应等原因已迫使风电场转向海上发展。而随着海上风电场的离岸距离日渐变远，基于电压源换流器的直流集电输送方案将成为海上风电集电输送的主要选择。这就使得探索和研究可直接输出高压直流电的风力发电机系统成为了未来发展风电的必然需求，在此背景下本文提出将定子双绕组感应发电机（DWIG）系统应用于风力发电，研究自主知识产权的风电技术。
论文针对DWIG风力发电系统的关键技术展开了重点研究，分析了DWIG的数学模型和DWIG风力发电系统的基本控制原理，对电流调制策略进行了更深一步的探讨，提出了一种基于空间电压矢量的滞环电流调制新策略，改善传统滞环电流方法的相间影响，限制开关频率波动，提高电流跟踪性能，使波形更趋于正弦化，并且调试简单，容易实现；为了使系统能够充分利用低风速下的风能，实现宽风速范围运行，提出一种新的DWIG风力发电系统拓扑，对新系统在高低风速两种不同运行方式下的控制策略做了详细的介绍，并针对新系统在拓扑和控制上的特殊性，给出适合于该系统的励磁优化方案，实现了系统在1：4宽转速范围内运行时的励磁变换器容量仅为系统容量的31%；为了实现系统的并网运行，研制了与系统配套运行的全功率并网逆变器，考虑到系统的直流侧电压控制已在发电机侧完成的特殊性，采用了新的双环控制策略，实现稳定运行，性能出色；设计了基于“工控机+数据采集卡+变频器+异步电动机”的风力机模拟系统，解决了在实验室模拟风场运行进行系统实验的难题；提出了适用于DWIG风力发电系统的最大功率追踪控制策略，在不同风速下实现系统输出最大功率，以最大程度地利用风能；研制出一套DWIG风力发电系统的实验室模拟运行平台，包括风力机模拟系统、DWIG发电系统、并网逆变器系统和监控显示系统四部分，可在此平台上进行一系列的实验，验证仿真结果的正确性和控制策略的可行性，并可同时实现系统的并网运行和最大功率追踪。
此外，为了验证DWIG风力发电系统在工程应用上的可行性，在室外的实际风场竖立了一台20kW的DWIG风力发电系统机组，为将来的工程实践奠定了坚实基础；最后，对系统在电网故障下的运行进行了分析和研究，并通过仿真验证了DWIG风力发电系统在电网对称和不对称故障时的低电压穿越能力。
As fossil energy is consumed rapidly and environment problem becomes increasingly severe, thechoice of exploiting and using renewable energy to replace fossil energy has been the most practicalstrategy. Wind power, as one of the most clean renewable energy, has attracted worldwide attention anddeveloped quickly in recent years.
Continuously exploiting onshore wind farms results in less and less of exploitable and economic windfields exist. Many factors as too much occupied area, destruction of vast natural vegetation, andenvironmental negative impact, forced the development of wind farms to be transferred to offshore areagradually. With the distance of offshore wind farms far away from the shore gradually, the DC electrictransmission scheme based on the voltage source converter will be the central choice for offshore windfarms. This makes exploration and research on wind power generators which can directly output high dcvoltage as inevitable demand for future wind power development. Under this circumstance, this thesis putsforward that the dual stator-winding introduction generator (DWIG) system can be applied to wind powergeneration for novel wind energy technology with independent intellectual property.
The thesis focuses on key technologies for DWIG wind power system. Firstly, mathematical modelsof DWIG and basic control theories for DWIG wind power system are deeply analyzed. on that basis, anovel hysteresis current control method based on space voltage vector is proposed for further research oncurrent modulation strategy. Improved hysteresis current method avoids the influence among three legs,limits switch frequency fluctuation, make waveforms more sine, and that easy to implement and debug.Secondly, in order to realize operating under wide wind speed range and broaden the utilization ability ofwind energy under low wind speed, a novel topology for DWIG wind power system is presented. Controlstrategies under low and high wind speed area are introduced in detail. Meanwhile, optimal scheme ofexcitation capacity is given in consideration of particular topology and voltage control strategy. Thescheme helps to realize that the capacity of the system operating in the speed range of1:4is only31%. Thegrid-connected inverter supporting DWIG wind power system is also prepared for realizing grid-connectedoperation. As voltage adjustment on the dc side has been completed on the generator side, a differentdouble loop control strategy is adopted for inverter’s stable operation. The results proved the excellecentperformance of the designed grid-connected inverter. In order to regulate the prime mover to imitate windturbine in the laboratory and achieve the effect of operation in real wind fields, wind turbine simulation system composed by "Industrial Personal Computer+Data Acquisition Card+Micromaster+Asynchronous Motor" is specially designed. The maximum power tracking strategy for DWIG wind powersystem is of course discussed in the thesis, which makes the system output maximum power under differentwind speed. Moreover, an experimental platform for DWIG wind power system is built, which includes fourparts such as wind turbine simulation system, DWIG power generation system, grid inverter system, monitor anddisplay system, and so on. A series of experiments completed on this platform verify the correctness ofsimulation results, feasibility of control strategy, maximum power tracking algorithm.
In addition, in order to verify the feasibility of DWIG wind power system in engineering application, a20kW prototype unit standing in actual wind field is established, which can lay a solid foudation in the futureengineering practice. Finally, analysis and investigation of operating during grid voltage dips and unbalancedconditions caused by grid fault for DWIG wind power system is completed, simulation results prove the lowvoltage ride-through(LVRT) capability of DWIG wind power system operating under grid fault.
引文
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