中国建筑企业竞争力评价及实证研究
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摘要
建筑市场是一个利润与风险并存的巨大市场。建筑市场的竞争既有一般的特征,又有其特殊性。随着中国加入WTO,建筑市场竞争愈加激烈,我国建筑业企业亦面临诸多亟待解决的问题:建筑企业该如何培养自己的市场竞争能力旨在竞争中保持竞争优势?建筑企业竞争力由哪些因素影响?如何评价建筑企业竞争力?
企业竞争力对于企业的生存和发展具有决定性的意义。近年来,企业竞争力的研究已经越来越引起经济界和管理界的广泛兴趣和重视,也取得了不少研究成果,提出了不少竞争力评价方法。因此,在研究企业竞争力理论的基础上,去寻找企业竞争力的来源,并通过提取一定的指标对企业竞争力加以评价和衡量将具有较高的现实意义。
基于以上两项认识,本文基于中国建筑企业的实际情况,从原则性、操作性方面系统地研究了建筑企业竞争力理论问题和评价指标体系、评价方法问题,这对于中国建筑企业从根本上进一步培育和提升竞争力有一定的理论和现实意义。
研究结果证明,基于建筑企业所处的竞争环境的特点,分析中国建筑企业影响因素符合实际竞争情况;根据这个框架建立的评价指标体系,和通过突破级数法建立的建筑企业竞争力评价模型均具有较好的应用性;采用突破级数法进行计算,简单易行。
Construction market is a huge market which is profitable and risking. The competitiveness of the construction market not only has general characteristics, but has its particularity. With China entering the WTO, competition in the construction market is increasingly intense, and construction industry faces numerous problems needed to be solved: How should construction companies cultivate their own competitiveness in order to retain competition advantages in this market? What factors affect construction enterprise competitiveness? How to evaluate construction enterprise competitiveness?
Enterprise competitiveness is of decisive significance for the business survival and development. In recent years, studies on Enterprise competitiveness not only have increasingly attracted intense interest and attention of the economy and the management, but have made a lot of achievements and proposed numerous methods of enterprise competitiveness evaluation. Consequently, it is of highly practical significance to seek for the source of enterprise competitiveness based on studying on its theories, and extract some indexes to evaluate enterprise competitiveness.
According to the above two understandings, in terms of the principle and the operation, this paper based on the actual situation of construction enterprises in China, systematically studied the theories about construction enterprise competitiveness in China and evaluation index system as well as evaluation methods, which are of rhetorical and practical significance for construction enterprises in China to fundamentally further cultivate and enhance their competitiveness.
The research results proved that dividing those factors on the basis of characteristics of construction enterprise competition environment which influenced construction enterprises competitiveness into two catenaries—transparent factor and recessive factor was in accord with actual situation of construction enterprises competitiveness; The evaluation index system established according to this framework, and the evaluation model of construction enterprises competitiveness established on breakthrough series method both have ideal applicability; It is simple and feasible to apply catastrophe series methods to calculation.
企业竞争力对于企业的生存和发展具有决定性的意义。近年来,企业竞争力的研究已经越来越引起经济界和管理界的广泛兴趣和重视,也取得了不少研究成果,提出了不少竞争力评价方法。因此,在研究企业竞争力理论的基础上,去寻找企业竞争力的来源,并通过提取一定的指标对企业竞争力加以评价和衡量将具有较高的现实意义。
基于以上两项认识,本文基于中国建筑企业的实际情况,从原则性、操作性方面系统地研究了建筑企业竞争力理论问题和评价指标体系、评价方法问题,这对于中国建筑企业从根本上进一步培育和提升竞争力有一定的理论和现实意义。
研究结果证明,基于建筑企业所处的竞争环境的特点,分析中国建筑企业影响因素符合实际竞争情况;根据这个框架建立的评价指标体系,和通过突破级数法建立的建筑企业竞争力评价模型均具有较好的应用性;采用突破级数法进行计算,简单易行。
Construction market is a huge market which is profitable and risking. The competitiveness of the construction market not only has general characteristics, but has its particularity. With China entering the WTO, competition in the construction market is increasingly intense, and construction industry faces numerous problems needed to be solved: How should construction companies cultivate their own competitiveness in order to retain competition advantages in this market? What factors affect construction enterprise competitiveness? How to evaluate construction enterprise competitiveness?
Enterprise competitiveness is of decisive significance for the business survival and development. In recent years, studies on Enterprise competitiveness not only have increasingly attracted intense interest and attention of the economy and the management, but have made a lot of achievements and proposed numerous methods of enterprise competitiveness evaluation. Consequently, it is of highly practical significance to seek for the source of enterprise competitiveness based on studying on its theories, and extract some indexes to evaluate enterprise competitiveness.
According to the above two understandings, in terms of the principle and the operation, this paper based on the actual situation of construction enterprises in China, systematically studied the theories about construction enterprise competitiveness in China and evaluation index system as well as evaluation methods, which are of rhetorical and practical significance for construction enterprises in China to fundamentally further cultivate and enhance their competitiveness.
The research results proved that dividing those factors on the basis of characteristics of construction enterprise competition environment which influenced construction enterprises competitiveness into two catenaries—transparent factor and recessive factor was in accord with actual situation of construction enterprises competitiveness; The evaluation index system established according to this framework, and the evaluation model of construction enterprises competitiveness established on breakthrough series method both have ideal applicability; It is simple and feasible to apply catastrophe series methods to calculation.
引文
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[2]申立银、邓小鹏等.建筑企业竞争力[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2006
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[4]金碚等著.中国工业国际竞争力——理论、方法与实证研究[M].中国社会科学院工业经济研究所.
[5]金碚等著.中国企业竞争力报告(2003——竞争力的性质与源泉)[M].国社会科学院工业经济研究所
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[8]胡大立.企业竞争力论[M].经济管理出版社.2006
[9]陈德明、周三多.中小企业竞争力研究[M].经济管理出版社.2006
[10]李显君.国富之源——企业竞争力[M].企业管理出版社.2002
[11]叶蜀君.信用风险的博弈分析与度量模型[M].中国经济出版社.2008
[12]姚先成.国际工程管理与现代建筑企业[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2005
[13]赵振宇、刘伊生.基于伙伴关系的建设工程项目管理.中国建筑工业出版社.2006
[14]李启明、谭永涛、张二伟.建筑企业竞争力评价指标体系实证研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版)2003年9月,第33卷第5期
[15]李启明、谭永涛、申立银.中国建筑企业竞争力参数模型[J].建筑经济 2002.3
[16]李小冬、关柯、赖熹.大型承包商国际竞争力的综合评价及其模拟分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报 2004.10,第36卷第10期
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[18]原国家经贸委.中国大中型企业国际竞争力评价报告[M]
[19]杨建龙.国际建筑业的现状与趋势分析[J].施工企业管理 2004(8)
[20]吕文学.我国大型建筑企业竞争一力及其提升途径研究[J].天津大学博士学位论文.2003年
[21]贡晨眠、成虎.中国建设业国际竞争力比较分析.建筑经济[J].2000年第一期
[22]吕文学.入世后国际工程公司的经营策略.天津大学学报.2001(2)
[23]孙中林.建筑企业核心竞争力的构建[J].建筑经济,2002,(9)
[24]张金昌.国际竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京.经济科学出版社.2002年9月
[25]张家明.大型建筑企业竞争力评价指标体系及评价方法研究(硕士学位论文).山东建筑大学.2006
[27]章慧.建筑企业竞争力评价研究(硕士学位论文).浙江大学.2006
[28]李卫东.企业竞争力平价理论与方法研究(博士学位论文).北京交通大学.2007
[29]彭佳.我国上市中小企业成长性研究(硕士论文).中南大学.2005
[30]都兴富.突变理论在经济领域的应用[M].店子科技大学出版社.1994
[31]等蓉晖、夏清东.基于层次分析法的建筑企业竞争力评价研究[J].重庆大学学报 2006
[32]刘晓峰等.建筑企业竞争力测评模型及市政研究[J].天津大学学报.2007
[33]牛晓东.建筑企业市场竞争力评价指标体系研究[J].山西建筑.2007
[34]郑昌泓.我国轨道交通装备制造产业国际竞争力及发展战略研究(博士论文).北京交通大学.2007
[35]郭秀云.灰色关联法在区域竞争力评价中的应用[J].决策参考.2004.11
[36]龚金发.区域竞争力评价模型研究(硕士论文).北京交通大学.2007
[37]朱顺泉.基于突变级数法的上市公司绩效综合评价研究[J].系统工程理论实践 2002
[38]王月平、艾刚.加入WTO后我国中小建筑企业发展战略的探索.基建优化.2002年第2期
[39]中国企业联合会课题组.企业竞争力指标体系的开发与应用[J].经济与管理研究.1999
[40]Michael E.Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].The Free Press.1990
[41]The World Bank.Standard Bidding Documents—Procurement of Works[M].Washington D.C.May 2000
[42]A.B.Ngowi.D.S.Iwisi and P.D.Rwelamila.Creating and Sustaining a Construction Market Position[J].International Journal for Construction Marketing.Vol.1,Issue 1.
[43]Guihai Wang and Jay Yang.usiness Development Strategy and Australian Construction Industry[J].International Journal for Construction Marketing.Vol.2,Issue 1.
[44]Serdar Kale and David Arditi.Cmeptitive Positioning in United States Construction Industry[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.May/June 2002:238247
[45]Inter-American Development Bank.Standard Procurement Documents:User's Guide for Prequalification Documents for Procurement of Works.December,2002
[46]Rajarm Veliyath and Shaker A.Zahra,Competitiveness in the 21~(st) century:reflections on the growing debate about globalization,ACR,2002,VOL.8
[47]Shen L Y,Lu W S,Shen Q p and Li H,A commuter-aided decision support system for assessing a contractor's competitiveness,Automation in Construction,2003
[48]The World Economic Forum(1998),An analysis of China's competitiveness between 1995 and 1999,Competitiveness Review,2002,12,1
[49]Pfeiffer,J,Competitive Advantage Through People,Boston:Harvard Business School Press.1994
[50]Wernerfet B,A resource-based view of the firm,strategic Management Journal,2005
[2]申立银、邓小鹏等.建筑企业竞争力[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2006
[3]赵振宇、中立银.中国建筑业企业国际竞争力·柔性策略与案例分析[M].中国建筑工业出版社2009
[4]金碚等著.中国工业国际竞争力——理论、方法与实证研究[M].中国社会科学院工业经济研究所.
[5]金碚等著.中国企业竞争力报告(2003——竞争力的性质与源泉)[M].国社会科学院工业经济研究所
[6]金碚等著.中国社会科学院工业经济研究所——理论、方法与实证研究.中国社会科学院工业经济研究所
[7]金碚.竞争力经济学[M].广东经济出版社.2003
[8]胡大立.企业竞争力论[M].经济管理出版社.2006
[9]陈德明、周三多.中小企业竞争力研究[M].经济管理出版社.2006
[10]李显君.国富之源——企业竞争力[M].企业管理出版社.2002
[11]叶蜀君.信用风险的博弈分析与度量模型[M].中国经济出版社.2008
[12]姚先成.国际工程管理与现代建筑企业[M].中国建筑工业出版社.2005
[13]赵振宇、刘伊生.基于伙伴关系的建设工程项目管理.中国建筑工业出版社.2006
[14]李启明、谭永涛、张二伟.建筑企业竞争力评价指标体系实证研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版)2003年9月,第33卷第5期
[15]李启明、谭永涛、申立银.中国建筑企业竞争力参数模型[J].建筑经济 2002.3
[16]李小冬、关柯、赖熹.大型承包商国际竞争力的综合评价及其模拟分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报 2004.10,第36卷第10期
[17]李小冬、张智慧、关柯.中国建筑企业市场竞争行为实证研究.建筑经济 2004.10
[18]原国家经贸委.中国大中型企业国际竞争力评价报告[M]
[19]杨建龙.国际建筑业的现状与趋势分析[J].施工企业管理 2004(8)
[20]吕文学.我国大型建筑企业竞争一力及其提升途径研究[J].天津大学博士学位论文.2003年
[21]贡晨眠、成虎.中国建设业国际竞争力比较分析.建筑经济[J].2000年第一期
[22]吕文学.入世后国际工程公司的经营策略.天津大学学报.2001(2)
[23]孙中林.建筑企业核心竞争力的构建[J].建筑经济,2002,(9)
[24]张金昌.国际竞争力评价的理论和方法[M].北京.经济科学出版社.2002年9月
[25]张家明.大型建筑企业竞争力评价指标体系及评价方法研究(硕士学位论文).山东建筑大学.2006
[27]章慧.建筑企业竞争力评价研究(硕士学位论文).浙江大学.2006
[28]李卫东.企业竞争力平价理论与方法研究(博士学位论文).北京交通大学.2007
[29]彭佳.我国上市中小企业成长性研究(硕士论文).中南大学.2005
[30]都兴富.突变理论在经济领域的应用[M].店子科技大学出版社.1994
[31]等蓉晖、夏清东.基于层次分析法的建筑企业竞争力评价研究[J].重庆大学学报 2006
[32]刘晓峰等.建筑企业竞争力测评模型及市政研究[J].天津大学学报.2007
[33]牛晓东.建筑企业市场竞争力评价指标体系研究[J].山西建筑.2007
[34]郑昌泓.我国轨道交通装备制造产业国际竞争力及发展战略研究(博士论文).北京交通大学.2007
[35]郭秀云.灰色关联法在区域竞争力评价中的应用[J].决策参考.2004.11
[36]龚金发.区域竞争力评价模型研究(硕士论文).北京交通大学.2007
[37]朱顺泉.基于突变级数法的上市公司绩效综合评价研究[J].系统工程理论实践 2002
[38]王月平、艾刚.加入WTO后我国中小建筑企业发展战略的探索.基建优化.2002年第2期
[39]中国企业联合会课题组.企业竞争力指标体系的开发与应用[J].经济与管理研究.1999
[40]Michael E.Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].The Free Press.1990
[41]The World Bank.Standard Bidding Documents—Procurement of Works[M].Washington D.C.May 2000
[42]A.B.Ngowi.D.S.Iwisi and P.D.Rwelamila.Creating and Sustaining a Construction Market Position[J].International Journal for Construction Marketing.Vol.1,Issue 1.
[43]Guihai Wang and Jay Yang.usiness Development Strategy and Australian Construction Industry[J].International Journal for Construction Marketing.Vol.2,Issue 1.
[44]Serdar Kale and David Arditi.Cmeptitive Positioning in United States Construction Industry[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.May/June 2002:238247
[45]Inter-American Development Bank.Standard Procurement Documents:User's Guide for Prequalification Documents for Procurement of Works.December,2002
[46]Rajarm Veliyath and Shaker A.Zahra,Competitiveness in the 21~(st) century:reflections on the growing debate about globalization,ACR,2002,VOL.8
[47]Shen L Y,Lu W S,Shen Q p and Li H,A commuter-aided decision support system for assessing a contractor's competitiveness,Automation in Construction,2003
[48]The World Economic Forum(1998),An analysis of China's competitiveness between 1995 and 1999,Competitiveness Review,2002,12,1
[49]Pfeiffer,J,Competitive Advantage Through People,Boston:Harvard Business School Press.1994
[50]Wernerfet B,A resource-based view of the firm,strategic Management Journal,2005
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