城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测研究
|
摘要
从20世纪80年代中期开始,为深化经济体制改革,在借鉴国外经验的基础上,中国尝试城市信用社的金融体制大改革。在其基础上组建起来的城市商业银行,一定程度上填补了因国有商业银行机构收缩、城市信用社和农村信用社业务品种单一、规模偏小而导致的部分中小城市金融市场缺位和金融服务的空白,满足了各类企业对银行服务多层次、多角度的需求,使其成为中国金融业中不可或缺的组成部分。同时,随着全球性金融管制的放松、金融竞争的加剧以及金融服务品种的日1新月异,评价银行业绩已经受到越来越多的重视。中国在加入世界贸易组织后,商业银行与世界银行业的融合、接轨速度加快,如何设计出符合中国城市商业银行发展现状,科学合理反映城市商业银行贷款项日绩效监测的指标考核体系,已成为银行业者关注的重要课题之一。
本文的研究力图解决三个问题：一是明确城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价系统的概念及其具体内涵,寻找贷款项目绩效评价系统与一般的绩效评价或企业绩效评价的不同之处；二是探讨城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价指标的获取理论和指导方法,研究如何从利益相关者角度分析和构建绩效评价指标体系,以及实际绩效的数据获取途径等；三是研究如何进行城市商业银行贷款项目绩效的综合评价,以及如何利用绩效监测结果来指导项目实施过程的绩效持续改进,并完成对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效管理的制度设计
本文以商业银行贷款项目管理控制理论为基础,首先对有关城市商业银行以及贷款项目评价等基本理论进行阐述和探讨,对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价的现状进行评价,分析城市商业银行贷款项目以及项目绩效评价的特征,并比较国内外商业银行贷款项目的评价体系。然后,论文对城市商业银行贷款项目活动的完整性进行评价,并在此基础上制定项目活动完整性的评价标准。论文依据城市商业银行贷款项目监测框架的思路,设计了包含层次性指标体系和过程性指标体系的多维度项目监测指标体系；论文通过分析城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测指标定权的特点,对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评估指标权重约束关系进行了分析,从而确定多层次交互式定权方法。在此基础上,论文建立起一个基于灰色关联分析的城市商业银行贷款项目的绩效监测模型,根据灰色评估权值及模糊评判综合的思想,提出GF算法对现有贷款项目进行综合评价并对长沙银行贷款项目进行实证分析。最后,论文通过城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测体系的实证研究结果,提出城市商业银行贷款项目绩效管理的制度设计,包括设计原则、流程设计机构设计、风险管理体制、约束体制等制度安排的一系列内容。
论文研究基于中国城市商业银行发展的特殊背景,设计了包含层次性指标体系和过程性指标体系的多维度贷款项目绩效监测指标体系,建立了基于灰色关联分析的城市商业银行贷款项目的绩效评估模型,并进行了实证分析,论文的研究成果为城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测提供了重要的思路和方法。
Since the mid-1980's, in order to deepen the reform of economic system and learn experience from foreign countries, China began to perform the attempt reformation on the financial system of the city credit union. The contraction of state-owned commercial banks and the single business of credit Union cause the financial services blankness of small and medium-sized cities. The city commercial banks fill the financial services blankness. It meets the enterprise's multi-level and multi-faceted needs to bank. The city commercial banks have become the integral part of China financial sector. At some time, with the gradual global financial deregulation, financial competition, and ever-changing variety of financial services, evaluation of bank performance has attracted more and more attention. After China's accession to the WTO, the integration between the commercial banks and the international banking has speed up. It is an urgent and serious subject to design an evaluation index system which applies to the current development of China's commercial banks and monitors loan project performance scientifically and reasonably.
This paper's study is based on the flowing three issues:First, the dissertation wants to discuss commercial bank lending project the concept of performance appraisal system and its specific content. As to the performance evaluation system, it is different from the general performance evaluation and performance evaluation of enterprises. The second is to explore the theory and method to obtain indicators of performance evaluation of commercial bank loans project. And paper analyze the how to build the evaluation index system from the view of stakeholders, as well as the actual performance data access method. The third is to examine how the commercial bank loan project performance evaluation processes and how to use the results from process performance evaluation to guide the process analysis and the continuing improvements on the process of implementation. Then the paper completes the design of commercial bank lending project performance management system.
The paper's study is based on the management control theory of city commercial bank loan project. First of all, the paper expatiates the status and the basic theories of city commercial loan project evaluation. The paper analyses the character of the city commercial loan project evaluation and the differentiation home and abroad. Then the paper evaluated the activities integrity of city commercial bank loan project evaluation. The dissertation designed a multi-dimensional project indicators system that contains hierarchical indicator system and process indicator system based on commercial bank loan project monitoring framework. The paper confirms interactive multi-level approach to determine the right based on analyses on the weight restrict relationship of the city commercial bank loan project evaluate indicators. Then the paper establishes a correlation analysis based on the gray city commercial bank loan project performance Monitoring model. In accordance with the theory of gray assess right and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The dissertation uses the GF algorithm to analyze comprehensive evaluation of loan projects. And the paper did an empirical analysis on Changsha Commercial Bank. At last, based on the empirical analysis results from city commercial bank loan project performance monitoring system, the paper designs the commercial bank loan project performance management system which including a series of system arrangements, such as design principles, process design, mechanical design, risk management system, institutional constraints, etc.
Based on the the special background of china city banks, The paper designed the loan project performance monitoring system including hierarchy and procession index system. The paper builds the performance evaluation model based on gray relationship analysis. The study of the dissertation provides the important ideas and methods to performance evaluation and supervision of commercial bank loan project.
本文的研究力图解决三个问题：一是明确城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价系统的概念及其具体内涵,寻找贷款项目绩效评价系统与一般的绩效评价或企业绩效评价的不同之处；二是探讨城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价指标的获取理论和指导方法,研究如何从利益相关者角度分析和构建绩效评价指标体系,以及实际绩效的数据获取途径等；三是研究如何进行城市商业银行贷款项目绩效的综合评价,以及如何利用绩效监测结果来指导项目实施过程的绩效持续改进,并完成对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效管理的制度设计
本文以商业银行贷款项目管理控制理论为基础,首先对有关城市商业银行以及贷款项目评价等基本理论进行阐述和探讨,对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评价的现状进行评价,分析城市商业银行贷款项目以及项目绩效评价的特征,并比较国内外商业银行贷款项目的评价体系。然后,论文对城市商业银行贷款项目活动的完整性进行评价,并在此基础上制定项目活动完整性的评价标准。论文依据城市商业银行贷款项目监测框架的思路,设计了包含层次性指标体系和过程性指标体系的多维度项目监测指标体系；论文通过分析城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测指标定权的特点,对城市商业银行贷款项目绩效评估指标权重约束关系进行了分析,从而确定多层次交互式定权方法。在此基础上,论文建立起一个基于灰色关联分析的城市商业银行贷款项目的绩效监测模型,根据灰色评估权值及模糊评判综合的思想,提出GF算法对现有贷款项目进行综合评价并对长沙银行贷款项目进行实证分析。最后,论文通过城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测体系的实证研究结果,提出城市商业银行贷款项目绩效管理的制度设计,包括设计原则、流程设计机构设计、风险管理体制、约束体制等制度安排的一系列内容。
论文研究基于中国城市商业银行发展的特殊背景,设计了包含层次性指标体系和过程性指标体系的多维度贷款项目绩效监测指标体系,建立了基于灰色关联分析的城市商业银行贷款项目的绩效评估模型,并进行了实证分析,论文的研究成果为城市商业银行贷款项目绩效监测提供了重要的思路和方法。
Since the mid-1980's, in order to deepen the reform of economic system and learn experience from foreign countries, China began to perform the attempt reformation on the financial system of the city credit union. The contraction of state-owned commercial banks and the single business of credit Union cause the financial services blankness of small and medium-sized cities. The city commercial banks fill the financial services blankness. It meets the enterprise's multi-level and multi-faceted needs to bank. The city commercial banks have become the integral part of China financial sector. At some time, with the gradual global financial deregulation, financial competition, and ever-changing variety of financial services, evaluation of bank performance has attracted more and more attention. After China's accession to the WTO, the integration between the commercial banks and the international banking has speed up. It is an urgent and serious subject to design an evaluation index system which applies to the current development of China's commercial banks and monitors loan project performance scientifically and reasonably.
This paper's study is based on the flowing three issues:First, the dissertation wants to discuss commercial bank lending project the concept of performance appraisal system and its specific content. As to the performance evaluation system, it is different from the general performance evaluation and performance evaluation of enterprises. The second is to explore the theory and method to obtain indicators of performance evaluation of commercial bank loans project. And paper analyze the how to build the evaluation index system from the view of stakeholders, as well as the actual performance data access method. The third is to examine how the commercial bank loan project performance evaluation processes and how to use the results from process performance evaluation to guide the process analysis and the continuing improvements on the process of implementation. Then the paper completes the design of commercial bank lending project performance management system.
The paper's study is based on the management control theory of city commercial bank loan project. First of all, the paper expatiates the status and the basic theories of city commercial loan project evaluation. The paper analyses the character of the city commercial loan project evaluation and the differentiation home and abroad. Then the paper evaluated the activities integrity of city commercial bank loan project evaluation. The dissertation designed a multi-dimensional project indicators system that contains hierarchical indicator system and process indicator system based on commercial bank loan project monitoring framework. The paper confirms interactive multi-level approach to determine the right based on analyses on the weight restrict relationship of the city commercial bank loan project evaluate indicators. Then the paper establishes a correlation analysis based on the gray city commercial bank loan project performance Monitoring model. In accordance with the theory of gray assess right and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The dissertation uses the GF algorithm to analyze comprehensive evaluation of loan projects. And the paper did an empirical analysis on Changsha Commercial Bank. At last, based on the empirical analysis results from city commercial bank loan project performance monitoring system, the paper designs the commercial bank loan project performance management system which including a series of system arrangements, such as design principles, process design, mechanical design, risk management system, institutional constraints, etc.
Based on the the special background of china city banks, The paper designed the loan project performance monitoring system including hierarchy and procession index system. The paper builds the performance evaluation model based on gray relationship analysis. The study of the dissertation provides the important ideas and methods to performance evaluation and supervision of commercial bank loan project.
引文
[1]关新红.构建合理的城市商业银行绩效评价体系.中央财经大学学报,2003(7)：42-46.
[2]朱世香.基于可拓理论的城市商业银行绩效评价研究：[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2006,28-35.
[3]陆凤兴.我国城市商业银行经营绩效实证研究：[暨南大学硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2004,26-34.
[4]张楷.邮政银行多维度绩效管理系统建设：[北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京,2007,75-78.
[5]李晓琳.金融衍生品对我国证券公司财务绩效影响的系统分析：[沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文].沈阳,2006,86-89.
[6]张蕊.企业经营绩效评价理论与方法的变革.会计研究,2001,3(12)：46-50.
[7]王立国.投资项目评估学.大连：东北财经大学出版社,1998,125-131.
[8]Altman E I. Financial ratios:Discriminate analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Finance,1968, (9):189-209.
[9]Caouettee J B, Edward I A, Paul N. Managing credit risk:The next great financial challenge. New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,1998,247-265.
[10]Saunders A. Credit risk measurement:New approaches to value at risk and other paradigms. New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,2002,124-125.
[11]John B C. Estimating the probability of failure for city commercial banks and the banking system. Journal of Finance,1977,1(2):69-83.
[12]Peter C, Jeff B. Modeling default risk. San Francisco:Moody's KMV Company Press,2003,1-31.
[13]Tom W. Credit risk-A credit risk management framework. Credit Suisse First Boston,1997, (5):56-62.
[14]Mckinsey and Co. Credit portfolio view. New York:Mckinsey Inc,1997,56-71.
[15]党均章.关于目前城市商业银行信贷风险状况与成因分析,开发研究,2007,(4)：144-148.
[16]阎小青.对我国城市商业银行信用风险管理的思考.经济与管理,2004,(7)：34-37.
[17]梁琪.企业信用风险的量化度量研究.南开经济研究,2004,(6)：13-15.
[18]胡哗.按市场原则构建风险管理机制与管理理念.金融论坛,2004,(4)： 24-27.
[19]张维,蒋东明,熊熊,曹奇,安瑛辉.城市商业银行信用风险管理决策程序再造.中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(5)：22-26.
[20]王华.开发银行独特的信用文化.金融街,2004,(10)：68-69.
[21]Megginson W L, Nash R C, Mathias V R. The financial and operating performance of newly privatized firms:An international empirical analysis. Journal of Finance,1994,49(2):403-452.
[22]Rafael L P, Florencio L S. The benefits of privatization:Evidence from Mexico. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1193-1242.
[23]Stigliz J. The role of the state in financial markets. In:Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Economic Development. Washington,1994,11-15.
[24]Kornai J. Resource-constrained versus demand-constrained systems. Econometrics,1979,47(4):801-819.
[25]Shleifer A. State versus private ownership. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998,(12):133-150.
[26]Rafael L P, Florencio L S, Shleifer A, Robert W V. The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization,1999, (15),222-279.
[27]Sapienza P. What do state-owned firms maximize? Evidence from the Italian banks. Northwestern University Mimeo,1999,43(2):77-89.
[28]Khawaja A I, Atif M. Corruption and politicians:Rent-seeking in an emerging financial market. Harvard University,2004,23(6):64-89.
[29]王性华.浅论城市商业银行在地方经济发展中的市场定位.武汉金融,1998,(10)：19-20.
[30]辛子波,张日新.地方政府干预地方银行行为分析.财经问题研究,2001,(12)：29-31.
[31]虞群娥.政府参与地方城市商业银行的经济学分析.金融研究,2004,(7)：57-64.
[32]李维安,曹廷求.股权结构、治理机制与城市银行绩效——来自山东、河南两省的调查证据.经济研究,2004,(12)：4-15.
[33]巴曙松,刘孝红,牛播坤.转型时期中国金融体系中的地方治理与银行改革的互动研究.金融研究,2005,(5)：25-37.
[34]邓湘益.我国地方政府干预城市商业银行问题研究：[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南大学,2006,35-42.
[35]Berger A, Udell G. Universal banking and the future of business lending. In: Financial System Design:The Case for Universal Banking. Chicago,1996, 16-22.
[36]张莉.城市商业银行与中小企业信用担保机构合作模式研究：[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南大学,2006,27-35.
[37]姜亚萍,苗建爱.微小企业贷款项目的发展与创新——包商银行微小企业贷款跟踪调查.内蒙古金融研究,2008,(2)：9-10.
[38]刘景华.为中小企业提供金融服务是城市商业银行的核心业务选择.理论观察,2008,(3)：144-145.
[39]蒋胜.银行项目贷款评估方法探讨：[西南财经大学硕士学位论文].西南财经大学,2004,35-40.
[40]中国建设银行研究部.中国城市商业银行.现代城市商业银行导刊,2008,(11)：35-42.
[41]Schermerhorn J R.Management.New York:John Wiley & Sons,2005,198-210.
[42]陆磊.当降低不良贷款成为一个目标http://finance.sina.com.cn,2002-05-15.
[43]薛涌.压榨中小企业就是扼杀中国经济http://www.cnlsslaw.com, 2009-07-24.
[44]许罗德.加快构建和完善消费信贷服务体系http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com, 2009-05-18.
[45]孙艳威.威海市城市商业银行上半年各项业务持续稳健快速发展.http://www.sdban.com,2009-08-05.
[46]George M,Marakas.21世纪的决策支持系统.北京：清华大学出版社,2002,135-151.
[47]斯蒂芬·罗宾斯.组织行为学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997,153-159.
[48]张鑫琦.世界银行对华援助战略研究：[吉林大学硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007,56-65.
[49]龚妤.我国城市商业银行绩效评价体系研究：[暨南大学硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2005,46-52.
[50]张晓刚.以EVA为核心的BSC城市商业银行绩效评价体系研究：[哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学,2008,55-63.
[51]徐祥清.关于项目评估中引入定了分析指标的方法.中国工程咨询,2007(5)：34-40.
[52]朱海平,邵新宇,张国军.求解多准则决策问题指标权重的二次规划方法.系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(4)：566-569.
[53]Partovi F Y. Determining what to benchmark:an analytic hierarchy process approach.International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 1994,14(6):25-39.
[54]魏邦龙.层次分析法确定农业科研项目评估指标的权重.甘肃科学学报,1997,(3)：70-72.
[55]梁樑,王国华.一种多层次交互式确定权重的方法.系统工程学报,2002,17(4)：24-27.
[56]董雨,王国华,熊立.多层次交互式确定权重方法的改进.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(4)：576-582.
[57]李健,汤书昆,王国华.知识型岗位价值的一种交互式多层次评估模型.中国管理科学,2006,14(10)：187-191.
[58]邓聚龙.灰理论基础.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2002,155-157.
[59]刘思峰,郭天榜,党耀国.灰色系统理论及其应用(第二版).北京：科学出版社,1999,23-29.
[60]徐维祥,张全寿.一种基于灰色理论和模糊数学的综合集成算法.系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4)：114-119.
[61]宋晓秋.模糊数学原理与方法.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999,11-15.
[62]李明,徐学东.基于模糊数学理论的废弃农田水利设施再利用评价模型研究.中国农村水利水电,2008,(3)：103-105.
[63]张剑文.公司治理与股权激励.广州：广东经济出版社,2001,86-88.
[64]于亚利等.西方银行财务绩效考评.北京：企业管理出版社,2002,186-194.
[65]张泽跃等.高绩效工作体系与提高城市商业银行竞争态势.金融论坛,2002,(6)：58-66.
[66]刘艳萍.国外城市商业银行部门绩效评价系统的经验与启示.中国城市金融,2001,(10)：56-58.
[67]康卫华.大变革下的当代美国社区银行.国际金融研究,2005,(6)：25-31.
[68]彭路.社区银行与地方经济协同发展的战略思考.财经理论与实践,2007,(2)：12-15.
[69]钱水土,李国文.社区银行及其在我国的发展.金融理论与实践,2006,(2)：35-38.
[70]邱兆祥,赵丽.城市商业银行宜定位于社区银行.金融理论与实践,2006,(1)：11-18.
[71]Hwee N G, Tiong R K. Model on cash flow forecasting and risk analysis for contracting firms. International Journal of Project Management,2002,20: 351-363.
[72]Roberts B. Integrated risk management results and lessons-learned. In: Proceedings of risk management symposium sponsored by the USAF. New York, 1999,78-83.
[73]Roberts B. The benefits of integrated quantitative risk management. In:The 12th Annual international symposium of the international council on systems engineering. Melbourne,2001,135-145.
[74]Lansdowne Z F. Risk matrix:An approach for prioritizing risks and tracking risk mitigation progress. In:Proceedings of the 30th annual project management institute 1999 seminars & symposium. Philadelphia,1999,95-102.
[75]朱海平,邵新宇,张国军.求解多准则决策问题指标权重的二次规划方法.系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(4)：566-569.
[76]董雨,王国华,熊立.多层次交互式确定权重方法的改进.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(4)：576-582.
[77]李明,徐学东.基于模糊数学理论的废弃农田水利设施再利用评价模型研究.中国农村水利水电,2008,11(3)：103-105.
[78]岳超源.决策理论与方法.北京：科学出版社,2003,211-214.
[79]俞竹超,尤天慧,张尧,樊治平.一种指标权重信息不完全的多指标决策方法.系统工程理论方法应用,2005,14(6)：506-509.
[80]王国华,梁樑.一种多专家判断信息的二次合成方法.系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(9)：38-41.
[81]张国林.基于群体共识度的国防预研项目交互式评估方法研究.2007年全国国防科技管理学术会议论文集.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007,66-73.
[82]Landingham V G, Martha W, Matthew A. Useful, but not a panacea: performance-based program budgeting in Florida. International Journal of Public Administration,2005,28(3):233-253.
[83]Mullen P. Performance-based budgeting:The contribution of the program assessment-rating tool. Public Budgeting and Finance,2006,26(4):79-88.
[84]Miller G, Robbins D, Keum J. Incentives, certification, and targets in performance budgeting. Public Performance & Management Review,2007, 30(4):469-495.
[85]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊多层次综合评价的绿色供应商选择.湖南大学学报(自科版),2006,(3)：137-140.
[86]吴建南,刘佳.构建基于逻辑模型的财政支出绩效评价体系——以农业财政支出为例.中南财经政法大学学报,2007,(2)：69-74.
[87]Michel C, Dan G, Robret M. A comparative analysis of current credit risk models. Journal of Banking & Finance,2002,24(2):59-117.
[88]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊粗糙集的供应商绿色评价体系研究.财经理论与实践,2006,(4)：97-100.
[89]John F Y, Albert C, Daniel C, Leong K L. Development of a partnering performance index(PPI) for construction projects in Hong Kong:a delphi study.Construction Management & Economics,2007,25(12):1219-1237.
[90]Gabriel A, Rafael A. Probabilistic control of project performance using control limit curves. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management,2007, 133(12):957-965.
[91]Seung H H, Myung J C, Keon S I. Six sigma-based approach to improve performance in construction operations. Journal of Management in Engineering, 2008,24(1):21-31.
[92]吉格迪,李长青.项日绩效评价中挣值分析方法的优化研究.中国管理科学,2006,(2)：65-70.
[93]章鑫,黄贻平,方东平.业主对工程项目安全绩效影响的定量研究.土木工程学报,2006,(3)：123-128.
[94]王兆红,邱菀华,梁美容.熵权优化模型在设施管理绩效评价中的应用研究.北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006,8(6)：74-78.
[95]何晓晴,谢赤.工程项目合作的定性模拟研究.改革与战略,2006,(4)：33-26.
[96]Elhami B. An integrated project planning and control system approach for measuring project performance:[dissertation]. Colorado:University of Colorado,2005,81-86.
[97]孟建民.企业经营绩效评估问题研究.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2002,86-90
[98]淦未字,仲伟周.前瞻性项目控制方法初步研究.预测,2004,23(4)：52-55.
[99]Kandil R A. Multi-objective optimization for large-scale highway construction projects:[dissertation]. Chicago:University of Illinois,2005,49-55.
[100]陈建华,林呜,马士华.基于过程管理的工程项目多目标综合动态调控机理模型.中国管理科学,2005,13(6)：93-99.
[101]杜亚灵,尹贻林,严玲.公共项目管理绩效改善研究综述.软科学,2008,22(4)：72-76.
[102]卓越,杨浙闽.公共部门绩效评估的过程控制.天津行政学院学报,2003,5(3)：28-31.
[103]马国丰,尤建新.基于熵的项目目标柔性控制的定量分析.上海交通大学学报,2007,(7)：1058-1060.
[104]韩传峰,王增光.城市基础设施系统长效能力预测模型研究.中国人口资源与环境,2008,(4)：20-23.
[105]郝模,王志锋,罗力等.“政策制定和研究指导方法研究”概述和评价指标.中国医院管理,2004,(1)：54-62.
[106]王健.以科学发展观为指导再造政府政绩指标——将政绩指标由GDP改为GNP+SCC.天津行政学院学报,2005,(4)：34-37.
[107]颜艳梅,李林,舒强兴.基于平衡记分卡法的公共工程项目绩效评价指标设计.社会科学家,2007,(1)：168-170.
[108]Chai Fei, Li Lin. Local government's public business administration performance evaluation. In:Proceedings of International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. Russsia,2008,474-479.
[109]李林,郭文杰.企业多项目下项目经理间冲突测度的指标体系研究.软科学,2008,22(10)：114-119.
[110]Li Lin, Yi Wei, Chai Fei. Relation of the project manager leadership and performance. In:International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Dalian,2007,5239-5242.
[111]Li Lin, Guo Wen Jie. The objective evaluation of highway construction project based on revised logic framework approach. In:Formation Management Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, Beijing,2008,57-61.
[112]张玉喜,贾曼莉,曲正.我国城市商业银行信用评级研究.商业经济,2006,4(2)：64-65.
[113]韩枫.建立和完善我国城市商业银行客户信用评级体系.上海金融,2003,8(6)：52-54.
[114]林淼童.城市商业银行客户信用评级的探讨.统计与决策,2003,7(12)：70-71.
[115]殷克东,刘献荣.基于城市商业银行的信用评级模型研究.山东经济,2006,6(3)：101-103.
[116]杨瑞.当前银行信贷客户信用等级评定初探.管理探索,2005,5(2)：41-43.
[117]何树红,王善民.我国城市商业银行信用风险的分析与管理.经济问题探索,2005,9(7)：116-117.
[118]俞承璋,孙谦.浅谈商业信贷中的信用用险.上海交通大学学报,1999,6(4)：72-77.
[119]Edward I A. Corporate financial distress and bankruptcy. New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1992,198-245.
[120]Secrist H. National Bank Failure and Non-failure. Bloomington:The Principia Press,1938,65-86.
[121]Mark P. The failing company doctrine. Boston College Industrial and Commercial Review,1974,47(7):16-47.
[122]Edmister R O. An empirical test of financial ratio analysis for small business. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1972,7(1):1477-1493.
[123]Wilcox J W. A gambler's ruin prediction of business failure using accounting data. Sloan Management Review,1971, (9):1-10.
[124]Scott E. The probability of bankruptcy:A comparison of empirical predictions and theoretical models. Journal of Banking Finance,1981, (9):317-344.
[125]Treacy W F, Carey M. Credit risk rating systems at large US banks. Journal of Banking and Finance,2000,24(1):167-201.
[126]丁欣.国外信用风险评估方法的发展现状.湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(5)：140-142.
[127]刘雪梅.论我国城市商业银行信用风险管理体系的构建.西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(4)：105-108.
[128]杨筱燕.信用风险模型与我国城市商业银行信用风险管理.社会科学辑刊,2005,(4)：208-210.
[129]田美玉,陈小红.我国城市商业银行信用风险管理研究.湖南财经高等专科学校学报,2006,7(6)：29-31.
[130]黄明祥,周晖.我国国有城市商业银行内部评级体系的构建.南方金融,2005,3(5)：41-42.
[131]邓云胜,刘莉亚.城市商业银行内部信用评级方法的比较研究.当代财经,2004,5(9)：37-41.
[132]彭建刚,向实,王建伟.内部评级法的基本思想及其对我国银行业发展的影响.财经理论与实践,2005,8(1)：25-30.
[133]陈静.上市公司财务恶化预测的实证分析.会计研究,1999,6(4)：31-38.
[134]高培业,张道奎.企业失败判别模型实证研究.统计研究,2000,2(10)：46-51.
[135]张玲,张佳林.信用风险评估方法发展趋势.预测,2000,6(4)：72-75.
[136]林平,赵永伟.农村信用社信用危机预警体系研究.金融研究,2001,3(6)：36-45.
[137]吴世农,卢贤义.我国上市公司财务困境的预测模型研究.经济研究,2001,7(6)：46-53.
[138]肖北溟,李金林.国有城市商业银行信贷评级研究.中国管理科学,2004,8(5)：41-47.
[139]于立勇,詹捷辉.基于Logistic回归分析的违约概率预测研究.财经研究,2004,3(9)：15-23.
[140]胡苗.城市商业银行客户信用评定的探讨.决策与信息,2006,2(10)：66-67.
[141]苏杰.浅谈我国城市商业银行内部评级体系基础数据库的建立.海南金融,2006,(9)：69-71.
[142]张玲.财务危机预警分析判别模型.数量经济技术经济研究,2000,(3)：49-51.
[143]杨军芳,张琴,吴清华.城市商业银行业绩评价的非财务指标设计.财会月刊,2005,(11)：72-74.
[144]张玲,曾维火.基于Z值模型的我国上市公司信用评级研究.财经研究,2004,(6)：5-13.
[145]周颖,毛定祥.银行信用风险评估中的非财务分析.上海大学学报,2003,(3)：60-64.
[146]史华杰.试论我国城市商业银行信用风险的管理.集团经济研究,2006,(4)：155-157.
[147]武剑.内部评级理论,方法与实务——巴塞尔新资本协议核心技术.北京：中国金融出版社,2005,212-213.
[148]何晓晴.工程项目成功合作及其管理指标体系的构建与研究：[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学工商管理学院,2006,60-68.
[149]韩明,谢赤.中国城市商业银行全面价值管理的探索与实践.投资研究,2008,(10)：27-31.
[150]陈东海,谢赤.关于信用风险管理模型的比较分析.社会科学家,2005,(2)：75-76.
[151]谢赤,魏坷薇.银行危机与银行救助.南京财经大学学报,2003,(1)：72-76.
[152]潘胜强,马超群.城市基础设施发展水平评价指标体系.系统工程,2007,25(7)：88-91.
[153]马超群,丁玉,张虹.城市商业银行信贷风险及其度量模型研究.现代管理科学,2006,(10)：5-6.
[154]李庆国,马超群.模糊度量空间上的不动模糊点定理.模糊系统与数学,1996,10(4)：44-50.
[2]朱世香.基于可拓理论的城市商业银行绩效评价研究：[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2006,28-35.
[3]陆凤兴.我国城市商业银行经营绩效实证研究：[暨南大学硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2004,26-34.
[4]张楷.邮政银行多维度绩效管理系统建设：[北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京,2007,75-78.
[5]李晓琳.金融衍生品对我国证券公司财务绩效影响的系统分析：[沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文].沈阳,2006,86-89.
[6]张蕊.企业经营绩效评价理论与方法的变革.会计研究,2001,3(12)：46-50.
[7]王立国.投资项目评估学.大连：东北财经大学出版社,1998,125-131.
[8]Altman E I. Financial ratios:Discriminate analysis and the prediction of corporate bankruptcy. Journal of Finance,1968, (9):189-209.
[9]Caouettee J B, Edward I A, Paul N. Managing credit risk:The next great financial challenge. New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,1998,247-265.
[10]Saunders A. Credit risk measurement:New approaches to value at risk and other paradigms. New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,2002,124-125.
[11]John B C. Estimating the probability of failure for city commercial banks and the banking system. Journal of Finance,1977,1(2):69-83.
[12]Peter C, Jeff B. Modeling default risk. San Francisco:Moody's KMV Company Press,2003,1-31.
[13]Tom W. Credit risk-A credit risk management framework. Credit Suisse First Boston,1997, (5):56-62.
[14]Mckinsey and Co. Credit portfolio view. New York:Mckinsey Inc,1997,56-71.
[15]党均章.关于目前城市商业银行信贷风险状况与成因分析,开发研究,2007,(4)：144-148.
[16]阎小青.对我国城市商业银行信用风险管理的思考.经济与管理,2004,(7)：34-37.
[17]梁琪.企业信用风险的量化度量研究.南开经济研究,2004,(6)：13-15.
[18]胡哗.按市场原则构建风险管理机制与管理理念.金融论坛,2004,(4)： 24-27.
[19]张维,蒋东明,熊熊,曹奇,安瑛辉.城市商业银行信用风险管理决策程序再造.中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(5)：22-26.
[20]王华.开发银行独特的信用文化.金融街,2004,(10)：68-69.
[21]Megginson W L, Nash R C, Mathias V R. The financial and operating performance of newly privatized firms:An international empirical analysis. Journal of Finance,1994,49(2):403-452.
[22]Rafael L P, Florencio L S. The benefits of privatization:Evidence from Mexico. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1193-1242.
[23]Stigliz J. The role of the state in financial markets. In:Proceedings of the World Bank Annual Conference on Economic Development. Washington,1994,11-15.
[24]Kornai J. Resource-constrained versus demand-constrained systems. Econometrics,1979,47(4):801-819.
[25]Shleifer A. State versus private ownership. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1998,(12):133-150.
[26]Rafael L P, Florencio L S, Shleifer A, Robert W V. The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics and Organization,1999, (15),222-279.
[27]Sapienza P. What do state-owned firms maximize? Evidence from the Italian banks. Northwestern University Mimeo,1999,43(2):77-89.
[28]Khawaja A I, Atif M. Corruption and politicians:Rent-seeking in an emerging financial market. Harvard University,2004,23(6):64-89.
[29]王性华.浅论城市商业银行在地方经济发展中的市场定位.武汉金融,1998,(10)：19-20.
[30]辛子波,张日新.地方政府干预地方银行行为分析.财经问题研究,2001,(12)：29-31.
[31]虞群娥.政府参与地方城市商业银行的经济学分析.金融研究,2004,(7)：57-64.
[32]李维安,曹廷求.股权结构、治理机制与城市银行绩效——来自山东、河南两省的调查证据.经济研究,2004,(12)：4-15.
[33]巴曙松,刘孝红,牛播坤.转型时期中国金融体系中的地方治理与银行改革的互动研究.金融研究,2005,(5)：25-37.
[34]邓湘益.我国地方政府干预城市商业银行问题研究：[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南大学,2006,35-42.
[35]Berger A, Udell G. Universal banking and the future of business lending. In: Financial System Design:The Case for Universal Banking. Chicago,1996, 16-22.
[36]张莉.城市商业银行与中小企业信用担保机构合作模式研究：[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南大学,2006,27-35.
[37]姜亚萍,苗建爱.微小企业贷款项目的发展与创新——包商银行微小企业贷款跟踪调查.内蒙古金融研究,2008,(2)：9-10.
[38]刘景华.为中小企业提供金融服务是城市商业银行的核心业务选择.理论观察,2008,(3)：144-145.
[39]蒋胜.银行项目贷款评估方法探讨：[西南财经大学硕士学位论文].西南财经大学,2004,35-40.
[40]中国建设银行研究部.中国城市商业银行.现代城市商业银行导刊,2008,(11)：35-42.
[41]Schermerhorn J R.Management.New York:John Wiley & Sons,2005,198-210.
[42]陆磊.当降低不良贷款成为一个目标http://finance.sina.com.cn,2002-05-15.
[43]薛涌.压榨中小企业就是扼杀中国经济http://www.cnlsslaw.com, 2009-07-24.
[44]许罗德.加快构建和完善消费信贷服务体系http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com, 2009-05-18.
[45]孙艳威.威海市城市商业银行上半年各项业务持续稳健快速发展.http://www.sdban.com,2009-08-05.
[46]George M,Marakas.21世纪的决策支持系统.北京：清华大学出版社,2002,135-151.
[47]斯蒂芬·罗宾斯.组织行为学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1997,153-159.
[48]张鑫琦.世界银行对华援助战略研究：[吉林大学硕士学位论文].吉林大学,2007,56-65.
[49]龚妤.我国城市商业银行绩效评价体系研究：[暨南大学硕士学位论文].暨南大学,2005,46-52.
[50]张晓刚.以EVA为核心的BSC城市商业银行绩效评价体系研究：[哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学,2008,55-63.
[51]徐祥清.关于项目评估中引入定了分析指标的方法.中国工程咨询,2007(5)：34-40.
[52]朱海平,邵新宇,张国军.求解多准则决策问题指标权重的二次规划方法.系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(4)：566-569.
[53]Partovi F Y. Determining what to benchmark:an analytic hierarchy process approach.International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 1994,14(6):25-39.
[54]魏邦龙.层次分析法确定农业科研项目评估指标的权重.甘肃科学学报,1997,(3)：70-72.
[55]梁樑,王国华.一种多层次交互式确定权重的方法.系统工程学报,2002,17(4)：24-27.
[56]董雨,王国华,熊立.多层次交互式确定权重方法的改进.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(4)：576-582.
[57]李健,汤书昆,王国华.知识型岗位价值的一种交互式多层次评估模型.中国管理科学,2006,14(10)：187-191.
[58]邓聚龙.灰理论基础.武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2002,155-157.
[59]刘思峰,郭天榜,党耀国.灰色系统理论及其应用(第二版).北京：科学出版社,1999,23-29.
[60]徐维祥,张全寿.一种基于灰色理论和模糊数学的综合集成算法.系统工程理论与实践,2001,21(4)：114-119.
[61]宋晓秋.模糊数学原理与方法.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999,11-15.
[62]李明,徐学东.基于模糊数学理论的废弃农田水利设施再利用评价模型研究.中国农村水利水电,2008,(3)：103-105.
[63]张剑文.公司治理与股权激励.广州：广东经济出版社,2001,86-88.
[64]于亚利等.西方银行财务绩效考评.北京：企业管理出版社,2002,186-194.
[65]张泽跃等.高绩效工作体系与提高城市商业银行竞争态势.金融论坛,2002,(6)：58-66.
[66]刘艳萍.国外城市商业银行部门绩效评价系统的经验与启示.中国城市金融,2001,(10)：56-58.
[67]康卫华.大变革下的当代美国社区银行.国际金融研究,2005,(6)：25-31.
[68]彭路.社区银行与地方经济协同发展的战略思考.财经理论与实践,2007,(2)：12-15.
[69]钱水土,李国文.社区银行及其在我国的发展.金融理论与实践,2006,(2)：35-38.
[70]邱兆祥,赵丽.城市商业银行宜定位于社区银行.金融理论与实践,2006,(1)：11-18.
[71]Hwee N G, Tiong R K. Model on cash flow forecasting and risk analysis for contracting firms. International Journal of Project Management,2002,20: 351-363.
[72]Roberts B. Integrated risk management results and lessons-learned. In: Proceedings of risk management symposium sponsored by the USAF. New York, 1999,78-83.
[73]Roberts B. The benefits of integrated quantitative risk management. In:The 12th Annual international symposium of the international council on systems engineering. Melbourne,2001,135-145.
[74]Lansdowne Z F. Risk matrix:An approach for prioritizing risks and tracking risk mitigation progress. In:Proceedings of the 30th annual project management institute 1999 seminars & symposium. Philadelphia,1999,95-102.
[75]朱海平,邵新宇,张国军.求解多准则决策问题指标权重的二次规划方法.系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(4)：566-569.
[76]董雨,王国华,熊立.多层次交互式确定权重方法的改进.中国科学技术大学学报,2005,35(4)：576-582.
[77]李明,徐学东.基于模糊数学理论的废弃农田水利设施再利用评价模型研究.中国农村水利水电,2008,11(3)：103-105.
[78]岳超源.决策理论与方法.北京：科学出版社,2003,211-214.
[79]俞竹超,尤天慧,张尧,樊治平.一种指标权重信息不完全的多指标决策方法.系统工程理论方法应用,2005,14(6)：506-509.
[80]王国华,梁樑.一种多专家判断信息的二次合成方法.系统工程与电子技术,2002,24(9)：38-41.
[81]张国林.基于群体共识度的国防预研项目交互式评估方法研究.2007年全国国防科技管理学术会议论文集.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007,66-73.
[82]Landingham V G, Martha W, Matthew A. Useful, but not a panacea: performance-based program budgeting in Florida. International Journal of Public Administration,2005,28(3):233-253.
[83]Mullen P. Performance-based budgeting:The contribution of the program assessment-rating tool. Public Budgeting and Finance,2006,26(4):79-88.
[84]Miller G, Robbins D, Keum J. Incentives, certification, and targets in performance budgeting. Public Performance & Management Review,2007, 30(4):469-495.
[85]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊多层次综合评价的绿色供应商选择.湖南大学学报(自科版),2006,(3)：137-140.
[86]吴建南,刘佳.构建基于逻辑模型的财政支出绩效评价体系——以农业财政支出为例.中南财经政法大学学报,2007,(2)：69-74.
[87]Michel C, Dan G, Robret M. A comparative analysis of current credit risk models. Journal of Banking & Finance,2002,24(2):59-117.
[88]李树承,胡芳.基于模糊粗糙集的供应商绿色评价体系研究.财经理论与实践,2006,(4)：97-100.
[89]John F Y, Albert C, Daniel C, Leong K L. Development of a partnering performance index(PPI) for construction projects in Hong Kong:a delphi study.Construction Management & Economics,2007,25(12):1219-1237.
[90]Gabriel A, Rafael A. Probabilistic control of project performance using control limit curves. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management,2007, 133(12):957-965.
[91]Seung H H, Myung J C, Keon S I. Six sigma-based approach to improve performance in construction operations. Journal of Management in Engineering, 2008,24(1):21-31.
[92]吉格迪,李长青.项日绩效评价中挣值分析方法的优化研究.中国管理科学,2006,(2)：65-70.
[93]章鑫,黄贻平,方东平.业主对工程项目安全绩效影响的定量研究.土木工程学报,2006,(3)：123-128.
[94]王兆红,邱菀华,梁美容.熵权优化模型在设施管理绩效评价中的应用研究.北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006,8(6)：74-78.
[95]何晓晴,谢赤.工程项目合作的定性模拟研究.改革与战略,2006,(4)：33-26.
[96]Elhami B. An integrated project planning and control system approach for measuring project performance:[dissertation]. Colorado:University of Colorado,2005,81-86.
[97]孟建民.企业经营绩效评估问题研究.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2002,86-90
[98]淦未字,仲伟周.前瞻性项目控制方法初步研究.预测,2004,23(4)：52-55.
[99]Kandil R A. Multi-objective optimization for large-scale highway construction projects:[dissertation]. Chicago:University of Illinois,2005,49-55.
[100]陈建华,林呜,马士华.基于过程管理的工程项目多目标综合动态调控机理模型.中国管理科学,2005,13(6)：93-99.
[101]杜亚灵,尹贻林,严玲.公共项目管理绩效改善研究综述.软科学,2008,22(4)：72-76.
[102]卓越,杨浙闽.公共部门绩效评估的过程控制.天津行政学院学报,2003,5(3)：28-31.
[103]马国丰,尤建新.基于熵的项目目标柔性控制的定量分析.上海交通大学学报,2007,(7)：1058-1060.
[104]韩传峰,王增光.城市基础设施系统长效能力预测模型研究.中国人口资源与环境,2008,(4)：20-23.
[105]郝模,王志锋,罗力等.“政策制定和研究指导方法研究”概述和评价指标.中国医院管理,2004,(1)：54-62.
[106]王健.以科学发展观为指导再造政府政绩指标——将政绩指标由GDP改为GNP+SCC.天津行政学院学报,2005,(4)：34-37.
[107]颜艳梅,李林,舒强兴.基于平衡记分卡法的公共工程项目绩效评价指标设计.社会科学家,2007,(1)：168-170.
[108]Chai Fei, Li Lin. Local government's public business administration performance evaluation. In:Proceedings of International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. Russsia,2008,474-479.
[109]李林,郭文杰.企业多项目下项目经理间冲突测度的指标体系研究.软科学,2008,22(10)：114-119.
[110]Li Lin, Yi Wei, Chai Fei. Relation of the project manager leadership and performance. In:International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, Dalian,2007,5239-5242.
[111]Li Lin, Guo Wen Jie. The objective evaluation of highway construction project based on revised logic framework approach. In:Formation Management Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering, Beijing,2008,57-61.
[112]张玉喜,贾曼莉,曲正.我国城市商业银行信用评级研究.商业经济,2006,4(2)：64-65.
[113]韩枫.建立和完善我国城市商业银行客户信用评级体系.上海金融,2003,8(6)：52-54.
[114]林淼童.城市商业银行客户信用评级的探讨.统计与决策,2003,7(12)：70-71.
[115]殷克东,刘献荣.基于城市商业银行的信用评级模型研究.山东经济,2006,6(3)：101-103.
[116]杨瑞.当前银行信贷客户信用等级评定初探.管理探索,2005,5(2)：41-43.
[117]何树红,王善民.我国城市商业银行信用风险的分析与管理.经济问题探索,2005,9(7)：116-117.
[118]俞承璋,孙谦.浅谈商业信贷中的信用用险.上海交通大学学报,1999,6(4)：72-77.
[119]Edward I A. Corporate financial distress and bankruptcy. New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1992,198-245.
[120]Secrist H. National Bank Failure and Non-failure. Bloomington:The Principia Press,1938,65-86.
[121]Mark P. The failing company doctrine. Boston College Industrial and Commercial Review,1974,47(7):16-47.
[122]Edmister R O. An empirical test of financial ratio analysis for small business. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1972,7(1):1477-1493.
[123]Wilcox J W. A gambler's ruin prediction of business failure using accounting data. Sloan Management Review,1971, (9):1-10.
[124]Scott E. The probability of bankruptcy:A comparison of empirical predictions and theoretical models. Journal of Banking Finance,1981, (9):317-344.
[125]Treacy W F, Carey M. Credit risk rating systems at large US banks. Journal of Banking and Finance,2000,24(1):167-201.
[126]丁欣.国外信用风险评估方法的发展现状.湖南大学学报(社会科学版),2002,(5)：140-142.
[127]刘雪梅.论我国城市商业银行信用风险管理体系的构建.西南交通大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(4)：105-108.
[128]杨筱燕.信用风险模型与我国城市商业银行信用风险管理.社会科学辑刊,2005,(4)：208-210.
[129]田美玉,陈小红.我国城市商业银行信用风险管理研究.湖南财经高等专科学校学报,2006,7(6)：29-31.
[130]黄明祥,周晖.我国国有城市商业银行内部评级体系的构建.南方金融,2005,3(5)：41-42.
[131]邓云胜,刘莉亚.城市商业银行内部信用评级方法的比较研究.当代财经,2004,5(9)：37-41.
[132]彭建刚,向实,王建伟.内部评级法的基本思想及其对我国银行业发展的影响.财经理论与实践,2005,8(1)：25-30.
[133]陈静.上市公司财务恶化预测的实证分析.会计研究,1999,6(4)：31-38.
[134]高培业,张道奎.企业失败判别模型实证研究.统计研究,2000,2(10)：46-51.
[135]张玲,张佳林.信用风险评估方法发展趋势.预测,2000,6(4)：72-75.
[136]林平,赵永伟.农村信用社信用危机预警体系研究.金融研究,2001,3(6)：36-45.
[137]吴世农,卢贤义.我国上市公司财务困境的预测模型研究.经济研究,2001,7(6)：46-53.
[138]肖北溟,李金林.国有城市商业银行信贷评级研究.中国管理科学,2004,8(5)：41-47.
[139]于立勇,詹捷辉.基于Logistic回归分析的违约概率预测研究.财经研究,2004,3(9)：15-23.
[140]胡苗.城市商业银行客户信用评定的探讨.决策与信息,2006,2(10)：66-67.
[141]苏杰.浅谈我国城市商业银行内部评级体系基础数据库的建立.海南金融,2006,(9)：69-71.
[142]张玲.财务危机预警分析判别模型.数量经济技术经济研究,2000,(3)：49-51.
[143]杨军芳,张琴,吴清华.城市商业银行业绩评价的非财务指标设计.财会月刊,2005,(11)：72-74.
[144]张玲,曾维火.基于Z值模型的我国上市公司信用评级研究.财经研究,2004,(6)：5-13.
[145]周颖,毛定祥.银行信用风险评估中的非财务分析.上海大学学报,2003,(3)：60-64.
[146]史华杰.试论我国城市商业银行信用风险的管理.集团经济研究,2006,(4)：155-157.
[147]武剑.内部评级理论,方法与实务——巴塞尔新资本协议核心技术.北京：中国金融出版社,2005,212-213.
[148]何晓晴.工程项目成功合作及其管理指标体系的构建与研究：[湖南大学博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学工商管理学院,2006,60-68.
[149]韩明,谢赤.中国城市商业银行全面价值管理的探索与实践.投资研究,2008,(10)：27-31.
[150]陈东海,谢赤.关于信用风险管理模型的比较分析.社会科学家,2005,(2)：75-76.
[151]谢赤,魏坷薇.银行危机与银行救助.南京财经大学学报,2003,(1)：72-76.
[152]潘胜强,马超群.城市基础设施发展水平评价指标体系.系统工程,2007,25(7)：88-91.
[153]马超群,丁玉,张虹.城市商业银行信贷风险及其度量模型研究.现代管理科学,2006,(10)：5-6.
[154]李庆国,马超群.模糊度量空间上的不动模糊点定理.模糊系统与数学,1996,10(4)：44-50.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |