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DEM插值算法适应性研究
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摘要
原始数据精度、插值算法、地貌类型、采样数据分布特征和尺度是影响DEM精度的主要因素,其中插值算法是直接因素,地貌类型、采样数据分布特征和尺度等因素通过插值算法影响DEM精度。因此,本文从影响DEM插值精度的不同因素出发,研究DEM插值算法的适应性问题,以降低DEM插值的不确定性、提高插值精度为终极目的。论文围绕着DEM插值参数、地貌类型适应性、采样分布特征适应性、尺度适应性等问题展开了深入地研究和实践,主要包括:
     ①运用多种实验方法系统地研究了DEM插值参数的“优选”问题
     提出了DEM插值参数的确定性和不确定性分类标准,运用交叉验证法、相关分析、趋势面分析、方差分析等一系列实验方法,系统地研究了不确定性插值参数的“优选”问题;实验结果将为广大用户提供插值参数选择的“最优”取值区间,消除插值参数选择的随意性。
     ②建立了地貌类型模糊隶属度函数模型,实现了插值算法的地貌类型适应性研究
     运用模糊数学方法建立了基于规则分布采样数据的地貌类型模糊隶属度函数,实现了地貌类型的自动判别,为DEM插值算法的地貌类型适应性研究奠定了统一的地形基础;提出了宏观地形特征因子最佳分析区域预测模型,使得地形特征因子的计算在统一的基础上完成;提出了地形特征因子动态谱系图,为选择地形特征因子判别不同标准地貌类型提供了依据。
     ③提出了局部地形特征描述模型,实现了插值算法的采样分布特征适应性研究
     根据DEM插值算法的特性,选择地表粗糙度指标、空间分布指标、距离指标,建立了局部地形特征描述模型,用以衡量局部区域内采样数据的地形特征,为DEM插值算法的采样分布特征适应性研究提供了全新的思路。
     ④提出了水系和地形套合精度定量化描述模型,实现了插值算法的尺度适应性研究
     根据水系和地形的特点,利用偏移量隶属度函数,建立了水系和地形套合精度定量化描述模型,实现了水系和地形套合精度的定量计算,为等高线综合、DEM多尺度转换提供了崭新的方法。
Effects of the accuracy of individual survey points, interpolation method, geomorphologicaltype, distribution characteristics of sampling data and scale on grid DEM accuracy. Whichinterpolation method is a direct factor, geomorphological type, distribution characteristics ofsampling data and scale influence the DEM accuracy through interpolation method. So, Thisstudy raise a point of adaptability of DEM interpolation method based on different factors affectthe accuracy of DEM interpolation, in order to reduce the uncertainty of DEM interpolation andimprove the accuracy of DEM interpolation for the ultimate goal in paper. In-depth researchesare done about the adaptability of DEM interpolation method in this thesis. The main works andcreations are as follwing:
     ①Using a variety of experimental methods to research the optimization issue of DEMinterpolation parameters
     The classification criteria of certainty and uncertainty about interpolation parameter areproposed. A series of experimental methods of cross-validation, correlation analysis, trendsurface analysis and analysis of variance are used to systematic study of the "optimization"problem of the uncertainty of interpolation parameters; experimental results will providecustomers with interpolation parameters to select the "optimal" value range, to eliminate thearbitrariness of the interpolation parameter selection.
     ②The fuzzy membership function of geomorphological types are established
     The fuzzy membership functions of geomorphological type are established in fuzzymathematics method, and achieve the automatic identification of geomorphological types. As aresult the research laid a uniform topographic base for the adaptability of DEM interpolationmethod based on geomorphological types. The best analysis of regional prediction model basedon terrain factor of macro-features is proposed, making the calculation of terrain factors on auniform basis.The dynamic pedigree map of terrain factors provides a basis for the selection ofthe terrain factors to distinguish the different geomorphological types.
     ③Descriptive model of the local terrain features is proposed
     According to the characteristics of the DEM interpolation method, the surface roughnessindex, the spatial distribution index and the distance indicators are selected to establish thedescriptive model of the local terrain features. The model can used to measure topographicalfeatures of the sampled data within the local area, As a result the research provide a new idea forthe adaptability of DEM interpolation method based on the sampling distribution of the feature.
     ④Quantitative descriptive model of the water system and terrain fit accuracy is proposed
     According to the characteristics the water system and terrain, using the offset membership function to establish a quantitative descriptive model of the water system and terrain fit accuracy.The model can used to calculate the fit accuracy of the water system and terrain. For contourgeneralization, the DEM multi-scale conversion to provide a new way.
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