半夏块茎与细胞培养体系的建立及主要生物碱的代谢调控研究
|
摘要
半夏为传统中药,含有多种化学成分,生物碱为其药理作用的主要成分之一。半夏单一生物碱中,葫芦巴碱可用于半夏的质量控制,鸟苷为半夏的指标性成分,而肌苷为半夏的鉴别性成分。目前,许多研究集中在半夏生物碱的分离与检测,而关于半夏生物碱的次生代谢调控未见报道。本研究通过组织培养的方法建立了两种体系—愈伤组织颗粒悬浮培养体系和小块茎悬浮培养体系,作为半夏生物碱代谢调控研究的模式材料。系统分离了半夏内生菌,测定了生物诱导子和非生物诱导子对半夏小块茎悬浮培养体系中生物碱含量的影响,以及代谢前体物质对半夏嘌呤生物碱代谢途径中对关键酶sAMP合成酶和IMP脱氢酶活性的影响,主要研究结果如下:
(1)以半夏栽培块茎为外植体,在不同激素组合处理下,诱导出三种不同生长速度、颜色、质地、生物碱含量的愈伤组织细胞系;总生物碱含量检测结果表明,MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0293%;MS + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0234%;MS + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0175%;三种愈伤组织细胞系的生物碱含量都高于栽培块茎的生物碱含量(0.0072%)。通过对愈伤组织细胞系显微结构的观察,推断2,4-D的应用可提高半夏愈伤组织细胞系的生物碱含量。
(2)以筛选出的高生物碱含量细胞系为材料,建立半夏细胞悬浮培养体系。试验结果表明在MS + 1.0 mg/L IBA + 3.0 mg/L 6-BA液体培养基中可建立半夏愈伤组织颗粒悬浮培养体系;通过方法学试验,建立了半夏栽培块茎及培养细胞中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量测定的HPLC方法;对悬浮培养体系中颗粒状细胞团生物碱含量的HPLC检测结果表明,其葫芦巴碱含量为412μg/g,比栽培块茎的提高出了6.8倍,肌苷含量为69μg/g,比栽培块茎的降低了8%,颗粒状细胞团中没有检测到鸟苷的存在。试验结果显示半夏愈伤组织颗粒悬浮培养体系可作为一种模式材料用于半夏葫芦巴碱的生化研究。
(3)半夏组培小块茎是组培苗再生过程中的中间体,它和栽培块茎不仅形态上相似,而且具有相似的组织结构。以栽培块茎为外植体,在MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA激素组合的培养基上,诱导出处于器官状态未分化的小块茎;以组培苗的叶片叶柄为外植体,在MS + 0.2 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA激素组合的培养基上,诱导出未分化的小块茎。小块茎可继代培养于1/2MS无激素固体培养基或添加0.6或1.2mg/LABA的1/2MS固体培养基上。在添加0.6mg/LABA的1/2MS液体培养基中建立了小块茎的悬浮培养体系。两种组培小块茎的总生物碱含量都高于栽培块茎。以栽培块茎为外植体诱导的组培小块茎中,鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量分别为857μg/g,27μg/g,155μg/g;以叶片叶柄为外植体诱导的组培小块茎中,鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量分别为83μg/g,21μg/g,117μg/g。试验结果显示半夏组培小块茎可作为一种模式材料用于半夏生物碱的代谢调控。
(4)用平板分离法从不同产地的半夏根、茎、叶中共分离到内生菌87株,其中内生真菌48株、细菌34株、放线菌5株,内生真菌通过点植法、插片法和印片法根据其形态特征分类鉴定为4科、15属,从而可以看出半夏内生菌多样性丰富。同时,经HPLC法检测,共筛选到12株产半夏生物碱的内生菌,这一结果为工业生产生物碱提供了候选菌株。
(5)筛选出两株对生物碱合成具有诱导作用的半夏内生真菌,其分别属于Penicillium sp.和Ozonium sp.。相比对照,Penicillium sp.菌丝体提取物使小块茎的鸟苷含量增加了13-115%,肌苷的含量增加了2-21%,葫芦巴碱含量增加了1-153%。添加Ozonium sp.菌丝体提取物时,相比对照,鸟苷的含量增加了7-35%,肌苷的含量增加了4-41%,葫芦巴碱的合成受到抑制。在培养的前期加入诱导子的诱导效果优于在培养的后期添加。对于不同生物碱的合成,两种诱导子的适宜浓度不同。两株真菌的发酵液中检测到了葫芦巴碱,其分别为:Penicillium sp.和Rhizoctonia sp.。
(6)分离鉴定了两株半夏内生细菌,其分别属于Pseudomonas sp.和Enterobacter sp.。两株细菌诱导子都能促进半夏小块茎的生长,Pseudomonas sp.可促进半夏小块茎的萌发,Enterobacter sp.抑制了半夏小块茎的萌发。相比对照,细菌诱导子的添加使鸟苷含量增加了9-166%,肌苷含量增加了2-33%,葫芦巴碱含量增加了114-1140%。Pseudomonas sp.细胞提取物比其活体细胞更能促进小块茎中鸟苷和肌苷的生产,肌苷的含量在两种诱导方式下差别不大。Enterobacter sp.活体细胞和小块茎共培养比其细胞提取物更能促进小块茎中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱的生产。这两株半夏内生细菌都可产半夏植株的一些生物碱。
(7)考查了非生物诱导子氯化钙、肌醇、水杨酸、壳聚糖和前体化合物烟酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和肌苷酸对半夏小块茎悬浮培养体系中生物碱合成的影响。试验结果显示,除了氯化钙和肌醇诱导子的添加抑制了鸟苷的合成,其它诱导子都可促进小块茎中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱的合成。考察了鸟苷和肌苷代谢前体物质甘氨酸和肌苷酸添加对嘌呤生物碱代谢途径中关键酶sAMP合成酶和IMP脱氢酶比活力的影响。试验结果表明,添加了IMP的半夏组织中酶比活力比没有添加任何试剂的酶比活力要稍高,添加了甘氨酸的培养基中培养的半夏组织中酶比活力较大,一般都达到十倍以上。
Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has multiple chemicals, and alkaloids are regarded as its main pharmacological component. Among the single alkaloids isolated, trigonelline can be used to investigate the quality control of P. ternata. Guanosine is the index component of P. ternata. Inosine is regarded as the authenticated component of P. ternata. Most researches have focused on isolation and detection alkaloids of P. ternata, whereas there has no report on study the secondary metabolism of Pinellia alkaloids. In this study, two systems were set up to study secondary metabolism in P. ternata, eg. callus aggregate suspension culture and protocorm-like body (PLB) suspension culture. The endophytes of P. ternata were isolated. Both biotic and abiotic elicitors were used to elicit the biosynthesize of Pinellia alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures. The effect of metabolize substrates on the activity of key enzymes involved in purine alkaloids metabolism pathway were also studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) Three callus types, which varied in growth rate, color, texture and alkaloid content, were induced from tuber explants with various hormone combinations. Total alkaloid contents were determined. Callus cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had an alkaloid content of 0.0293%. Callus cultured on MS + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA had an alkaloid content of 0.0234%. Callus cultured on MS + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had an alkaloid content of 0.0175%. Alkaloid content of all three calli were higher that that of field-grown tuber, which was 0.0072%. Compared the microstructures of calli, it may be concluded that 2,4-D could improve the alkaloid content in Pinellia calli.
(2) Callus cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had the highest alkaloid content. This kind of callus was used to set up cell suspension culture of P. ternata. It indicated that callus aggregate suspension culture could be obtained in liquid MS containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L 6-BA. With methodological experiment, the detection condition of guanosine, inosine and trigonelline was set up. Guanosine, inosine and trigonelline in both tubers and cultured cells could be detected by HPLC. Alkaloid contents of callus aggregate in suspension culture were determined. Trigonelline content was 412μg/g, which was 6.8 times higher than that in field-grown tuber. Inosine content was 69μg/g, which was 8% lower than that in field-grown tuber. No guanosine was detected in callus aggregate.
(3) PLBs of P. ternata are a kind of intermediate before the formation of tissue cultured seedlings. PLBs are similar to field-grown tubers morphologically and histologically. It was observed that MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA induced the highest frequency of undifferentiated PLBs from tuber explants; whereas, a combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA was best suited for inducing undifferentiated PLBs from leaf and petiole explants. When these PLBs were subcultured on solid MS medium containing 0.6 or 1.2 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA), ABA promoted proliferation of PLBs, but inhibited their germination. To elicit alkaloid biosynthesis, suspension cultures of PLBs were established in half-strength MS (1/2 MS) liquid medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/L ABA. Total alkaloid contents of two kinds of PLBs were higher than that of field-grown tubers. Guanosine content of PLBs derived from field-grown tuber was 857μg/g. Inosine content of that was 27μg/g, Trigonelline content of that was 155μg/g. Guanosine content of PLBs derived from leaf and petiole was 83μg/g, Inosine content of that was 21μg/g. Trigonelline content of that was 117μg/g. Results indicated that PLBs could be used as a model material for study alkaloids metabolism in P. ternata.
(4) Eighty seven entophytes were isolated by spot-planting method from P. ternata collected from three differernt habitations. Endophytic fungi were 48. Endophytic bacteria were 34. Endophytic fungi were morphologically identified belonging to 15 genera, and 4 families by three methods. The results suggested that entophytes were abundance in different organs of P. ternata. With HPLC, it was found that 12 endophytes can produce the alkaloids of P. ternata. The strains may be used to produce alkaloid in fermentation industry.
(5) Two endophytic fungi, Penicillium sp.and Ozonium sp., could elicit the biosynthesize of alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures of P. ternata. Extracts from mycelium of Penicillium sp. increased guanosine content in PLBs by 13-115%, inosine content by 2-21%, trigonelline content by 1-153%, compared to control. In contrast, extracts from mycelium of Ozonium sp. increased guanosine content in PLBs by 7-35%, inosine content by 4-41%, wheras trigonelline synthesis was restrained, compared to control. The elicitation effects were better when elicitors were added to PLB suspension culture at the beginning. Trigonelline was detected in the fermentation broth of two strains of endophytic fungi, Penicillium sp.and Rhizoctonia sp..
(6) Two strains of endophytic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. were isolated and identified. Both bacterial strains increased the growth rate of P. ternata PLBs. Pseudomonas sp. promoted the differentiation of the PLBs, whereas Enterobacter sp. inhibited PLB differentiation. The bacterial strains increased guanosine production in PLBs by 9 to 166%, inosine production by 2 to 33%, and trigonelline production by 114 to 1140% compared to the control. For Pseudomonas sp., guanosine and trigonelline production was greater when bacterial extracts were added to the PLB suspension cultures rather than living cells (co-culture treatment). Inosine production was similar in both the bacterial extract and co-culture treatments. For the Enterobacter sp., guanosine, inosine, and trigonelline production tended to be greatest when living cells were added to the PLB suspension cultures rather than bacterial extracts. We also observed that Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. produced some of the same alkaloids as their host plants.
(7) The effect of abiotic elicitors on the biosynthesize of alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures of P. ternata was investigated. These elicitors were CaCl_2, inositol, salicylate, chitosan, nicotinic acid, glycin, aspartic acid, IMP. Results indicated that CaCl2 and inositol restrained the accumulation of guanosine in PLBs. As to other elicitors, they could stimulate the accumulation of guanosine, inosine and trigonelline in PLBs. Two substrates, glycin and IMP, were investigate their effects on the specific activity of two key enzymes, IMP dehydrogenase and sAMP synzyme. It indicated that IMP could increase the specific activity of both the two enzymes slightly, compared to control. Glycin could increase the specific activity of the two enzymes notablely compared to control, usually a increase of more than 10 times.
(1)以半夏栽培块茎为外植体,在不同激素组合处理下,诱导出三种不同生长速度、颜色、质地、生物碱含量的愈伤组织细胞系;总生物碱含量检测结果表明,MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0293%;MS + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0234%;MS + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin培养基上的细胞系生物碱含量为0.0175%;三种愈伤组织细胞系的生物碱含量都高于栽培块茎的生物碱含量(0.0072%)。通过对愈伤组织细胞系显微结构的观察,推断2,4-D的应用可提高半夏愈伤组织细胞系的生物碱含量。
(2)以筛选出的高生物碱含量细胞系为材料,建立半夏细胞悬浮培养体系。试验结果表明在MS + 1.0 mg/L IBA + 3.0 mg/L 6-BA液体培养基中可建立半夏愈伤组织颗粒悬浮培养体系;通过方法学试验,建立了半夏栽培块茎及培养细胞中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量测定的HPLC方法;对悬浮培养体系中颗粒状细胞团生物碱含量的HPLC检测结果表明,其葫芦巴碱含量为412μg/g,比栽培块茎的提高出了6.8倍,肌苷含量为69μg/g,比栽培块茎的降低了8%,颗粒状细胞团中没有检测到鸟苷的存在。试验结果显示半夏愈伤组织颗粒悬浮培养体系可作为一种模式材料用于半夏葫芦巴碱的生化研究。
(3)半夏组培小块茎是组培苗再生过程中的中间体,它和栽培块茎不仅形态上相似,而且具有相似的组织结构。以栽培块茎为外植体,在MS + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA激素组合的培养基上,诱导出处于器官状态未分化的小块茎;以组培苗的叶片叶柄为外植体,在MS + 0.2 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L 6-BA激素组合的培养基上,诱导出未分化的小块茎。小块茎可继代培养于1/2MS无激素固体培养基或添加0.6或1.2mg/LABA的1/2MS固体培养基上。在添加0.6mg/LABA的1/2MS液体培养基中建立了小块茎的悬浮培养体系。两种组培小块茎的总生物碱含量都高于栽培块茎。以栽培块茎为外植体诱导的组培小块茎中,鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量分别为857μg/g,27μg/g,155μg/g;以叶片叶柄为外植体诱导的组培小块茎中,鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱含量分别为83μg/g,21μg/g,117μg/g。试验结果显示半夏组培小块茎可作为一种模式材料用于半夏生物碱的代谢调控。
(4)用平板分离法从不同产地的半夏根、茎、叶中共分离到内生菌87株,其中内生真菌48株、细菌34株、放线菌5株,内生真菌通过点植法、插片法和印片法根据其形态特征分类鉴定为4科、15属,从而可以看出半夏内生菌多样性丰富。同时,经HPLC法检测,共筛选到12株产半夏生物碱的内生菌,这一结果为工业生产生物碱提供了候选菌株。
(5)筛选出两株对生物碱合成具有诱导作用的半夏内生真菌,其分别属于Penicillium sp.和Ozonium sp.。相比对照,Penicillium sp.菌丝体提取物使小块茎的鸟苷含量增加了13-115%,肌苷的含量增加了2-21%,葫芦巴碱含量增加了1-153%。添加Ozonium sp.菌丝体提取物时,相比对照,鸟苷的含量增加了7-35%,肌苷的含量增加了4-41%,葫芦巴碱的合成受到抑制。在培养的前期加入诱导子的诱导效果优于在培养的后期添加。对于不同生物碱的合成,两种诱导子的适宜浓度不同。两株真菌的发酵液中检测到了葫芦巴碱,其分别为:Penicillium sp.和Rhizoctonia sp.。
(6)分离鉴定了两株半夏内生细菌,其分别属于Pseudomonas sp.和Enterobacter sp.。两株细菌诱导子都能促进半夏小块茎的生长,Pseudomonas sp.可促进半夏小块茎的萌发,Enterobacter sp.抑制了半夏小块茎的萌发。相比对照,细菌诱导子的添加使鸟苷含量增加了9-166%,肌苷含量增加了2-33%,葫芦巴碱含量增加了114-1140%。Pseudomonas sp.细胞提取物比其活体细胞更能促进小块茎中鸟苷和肌苷的生产,肌苷的含量在两种诱导方式下差别不大。Enterobacter sp.活体细胞和小块茎共培养比其细胞提取物更能促进小块茎中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱的生产。这两株半夏内生细菌都可产半夏植株的一些生物碱。
(7)考查了非生物诱导子氯化钙、肌醇、水杨酸、壳聚糖和前体化合物烟酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和肌苷酸对半夏小块茎悬浮培养体系中生物碱合成的影响。试验结果显示,除了氯化钙和肌醇诱导子的添加抑制了鸟苷的合成,其它诱导子都可促进小块茎中鸟苷、肌苷和葫芦巴碱的合成。考察了鸟苷和肌苷代谢前体物质甘氨酸和肌苷酸添加对嘌呤生物碱代谢途径中关键酶sAMP合成酶和IMP脱氢酶比活力的影响。试验结果表明,添加了IMP的半夏组织中酶比活力比没有添加任何试剂的酶比活力要稍高,添加了甘氨酸的培养基中培养的半夏组织中酶比活力较大,一般都达到十倍以上。
Pinellia ternata is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has multiple chemicals, and alkaloids are regarded as its main pharmacological component. Among the single alkaloids isolated, trigonelline can be used to investigate the quality control of P. ternata. Guanosine is the index component of P. ternata. Inosine is regarded as the authenticated component of P. ternata. Most researches have focused on isolation and detection alkaloids of P. ternata, whereas there has no report on study the secondary metabolism of Pinellia alkaloids. In this study, two systems were set up to study secondary metabolism in P. ternata, eg. callus aggregate suspension culture and protocorm-like body (PLB) suspension culture. The endophytes of P. ternata were isolated. Both biotic and abiotic elicitors were used to elicit the biosynthesize of Pinellia alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures. The effect of metabolize substrates on the activity of key enzymes involved in purine alkaloids metabolism pathway were also studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) Three callus types, which varied in growth rate, color, texture and alkaloid content, were induced from tuber explants with various hormone combinations. Total alkaloid contents were determined. Callus cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had an alkaloid content of 0.0293%. Callus cultured on MS + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA had an alkaloid content of 0.0234%. Callus cultured on MS + 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had an alkaloid content of 0.0175%. Alkaloid content of all three calli were higher that that of field-grown tuber, which was 0.0072%. Compared the microstructures of calli, it may be concluded that 2,4-D could improve the alkaloid content in Pinellia calli.
(2) Callus cultured on MS + 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/L Kin had the highest alkaloid content. This kind of callus was used to set up cell suspension culture of P. ternata. It indicated that callus aggregate suspension culture could be obtained in liquid MS containing 1.0 mg/L IBA and 3.0 mg/L 6-BA. With methodological experiment, the detection condition of guanosine, inosine and trigonelline was set up. Guanosine, inosine and trigonelline in both tubers and cultured cells could be detected by HPLC. Alkaloid contents of callus aggregate in suspension culture were determined. Trigonelline content was 412μg/g, which was 6.8 times higher than that in field-grown tuber. Inosine content was 69μg/g, which was 8% lower than that in field-grown tuber. No guanosine was detected in callus aggregate.
(3) PLBs of P. ternata are a kind of intermediate before the formation of tissue cultured seedlings. PLBs are similar to field-grown tubers morphologically and histologically. It was observed that MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA induced the highest frequency of undifferentiated PLBs from tuber explants; whereas, a combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA was best suited for inducing undifferentiated PLBs from leaf and petiole explants. When these PLBs were subcultured on solid MS medium containing 0.6 or 1.2 mg/L abscisic acid (ABA), ABA promoted proliferation of PLBs, but inhibited their germination. To elicit alkaloid biosynthesis, suspension cultures of PLBs were established in half-strength MS (1/2 MS) liquid medium supplemented with 0.6 mg/L ABA. Total alkaloid contents of two kinds of PLBs were higher than that of field-grown tubers. Guanosine content of PLBs derived from field-grown tuber was 857μg/g. Inosine content of that was 27μg/g, Trigonelline content of that was 155μg/g. Guanosine content of PLBs derived from leaf and petiole was 83μg/g, Inosine content of that was 21μg/g. Trigonelline content of that was 117μg/g. Results indicated that PLBs could be used as a model material for study alkaloids metabolism in P. ternata.
(4) Eighty seven entophytes were isolated by spot-planting method from P. ternata collected from three differernt habitations. Endophytic fungi were 48. Endophytic bacteria were 34. Endophytic fungi were morphologically identified belonging to 15 genera, and 4 families by three methods. The results suggested that entophytes were abundance in different organs of P. ternata. With HPLC, it was found that 12 endophytes can produce the alkaloids of P. ternata. The strains may be used to produce alkaloid in fermentation industry.
(5) Two endophytic fungi, Penicillium sp.and Ozonium sp., could elicit the biosynthesize of alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures of P. ternata. Extracts from mycelium of Penicillium sp. increased guanosine content in PLBs by 13-115%, inosine content by 2-21%, trigonelline content by 1-153%, compared to control. In contrast, extracts from mycelium of Ozonium sp. increased guanosine content in PLBs by 7-35%, inosine content by 4-41%, wheras trigonelline synthesis was restrained, compared to control. The elicitation effects were better when elicitors were added to PLB suspension culture at the beginning. Trigonelline was detected in the fermentation broth of two strains of endophytic fungi, Penicillium sp.and Rhizoctonia sp..
(6) Two strains of endophytic bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. were isolated and identified. Both bacterial strains increased the growth rate of P. ternata PLBs. Pseudomonas sp. promoted the differentiation of the PLBs, whereas Enterobacter sp. inhibited PLB differentiation. The bacterial strains increased guanosine production in PLBs by 9 to 166%, inosine production by 2 to 33%, and trigonelline production by 114 to 1140% compared to the control. For Pseudomonas sp., guanosine and trigonelline production was greater when bacterial extracts were added to the PLB suspension cultures rather than living cells (co-culture treatment). Inosine production was similar in both the bacterial extract and co-culture treatments. For the Enterobacter sp., guanosine, inosine, and trigonelline production tended to be greatest when living cells were added to the PLB suspension cultures rather than bacterial extracts. We also observed that Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. produced some of the same alkaloids as their host plants.
(7) The effect of abiotic elicitors on the biosynthesize of alkaloids in PLB suspension cultures of P. ternata was investigated. These elicitors were CaCl_2, inositol, salicylate, chitosan, nicotinic acid, glycin, aspartic acid, IMP. Results indicated that CaCl2 and inositol restrained the accumulation of guanosine in PLBs. As to other elicitors, they could stimulate the accumulation of guanosine, inosine and trigonelline in PLBs. Two substrates, glycin and IMP, were investigate their effects on the specific activity of two key enzymes, IMP dehydrogenase and sAMP synzyme. It indicated that IMP could increase the specific activity of both the two enzymes slightly, compared to control. Glycin could increase the specific activity of the two enzymes notablely compared to control, usually a increase of more than 10 times.
引文
白权,李敏,贾敏如,王家葵,唐远,吴秉真. 2004.不同产地半夏祛痰镇咳作用比较.中国药理学通报,20(9): 1059~1062
宾金华,姜胜,黄胜琴. 2000.茉莉酸甲酯诱导烟草幼苗抗炭疽病与PAL活性及细胞壁物质的关系.植物生理学报, 26(1): 1~6
柏建新,朱晓宏,张一平,杜郭君,王红连,邓崇亮. 2003.从一株肌苷产生菌选育出高产鸟苷菌株的研究.食品与发酵工业, 129(15):19~24
蔡世珍. 2004.传统中药半夏的化学成分研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国协和医科大学
常钰,刘涤,胡之璧. 2001.植物细胞和器官大规模培养研究的进展.生物技术通报,1:31~36
陈华红,杨颖,姜怡. 2006.植物内生放线菌的分离方法.微生物学通报, 33(4):182~185
陈俊华,杨达献,赵萍萍.1990.半夏及其混伪品的鉴别研究.中药材,13(9): 15~18
崔洪宇,孙玉河. 2007.植物抗病的Ca2+信号转导研究进展.天津农业科学,13(1): 48~51
大盐舂治. 1978.半夏的镇吐成分汗方研究4(5): 9
戴均贵,朱蔚华,吴蕴祺,胡秋,张大勇. 2000.前体及真菌诱导子对银杏悬浮培养细胞产生银杏内酯B的影气响.药学学报,35(2): 151~155
范美化,周吉源. 2004.不同培养条件对半夏悬浮细胞生长及总生物碱形成的影响.云南植物研究, 26(6):656~660
高月来,沈烈行. 2000.半夏及其伪品水半夏的鉴别.时珍国医国药,11(8): 715~715
顾德兴、郭巧生. 1990.半夏群体生物学特性的研究,南京农业大学学报,13(2): 11~16
郭巧生,张国泰,许来武,盛祖平.1993.不同繁殖材料对半夏产量的影响.中国中药杂志,18(3): 140~142
郭晓静,王俊鹏,宋晓平. 2007.南方红豆杉产紫杉醇内生真菌的分离鉴定.西北植物学报, 27(9):1874~1878
郭余龙,贾永芳,杨星勇. 2003.半夏的组织培养及其成分比较.农业生物技术学报,11(3):259~262
龚梅芳,邹季. 1990.三种炮制半夏对妊娠小白鼠致畸作用的研究.北京中医杂志,(1): 36~37
何红,蔡学清,洪永聪. 2002.辣椒内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选.中国生物防治, 18(4):171~175
何奕昆,刘刚,刘铁刚. 1994.半夏茎尖培养及块茎的品质改良.植物学报, 36(1):39~44
胡世林. 1984.半夏属药用植物一种.药学学报,29(9): 712~714
黄秀兰,吕植祯,苏中武. 1986.掌叶半夏、半夏、天南星的比较研究.中药材,(3): 23~26
洪行球,沃兴德,何一中,李万里,高承贤,金明敏. 1995.半夏降血脂作用研究.浙江中医学院学报,19(2): 28~29
季申,丁声颂,李颖. 1989. 10种药用天南星的化学成分分析.上海医科大学学报, 16(3): 203~207
季申,王柯. 2000.天南星的生药学研究.中成药, 22(12): 856~860
蒋文跃,吴皓.王耿. 1995.半夏各炮制品总生物碱对慢性翻性白血病细胞(K562)的生长抑制作用.南京中医药大学学报,11(2): 84~85
蒋文跃,杨宇,李燕燕. 2002.化痰药半夏、瓜英、浙贝母、石曹摘对人鼠血液流变性的影响.中医杂志,43(3): 215~216
李恒. 1977.我国天南星科植物.植物分类学报,15(2): 87~109
李家儒,管志勇,刘曼西. 1999. Cu2+对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇形成的影响.华中农业大学学报, 18(2):117~120
李家儒,刘曼西,曹孟德. 1998.桔青酶诱导子对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇生物合成的影响.植物研究, 18 (1) : 78~83
李丽. 1999.部分国产半夏属植物的微形态特征和同工酶分析及其分类学意义.云南植物研究,21(4): 442~448
李先端,胡世林. 1995.半夏类药材的比较研究.基层中药杂志,9(2): 26~28
李先端,胡世林,杨连菊. 1990.半夏类药材氨基酸与无机元素分析,中国中药杂志, 15(10): 37~38
李雪玲,崔秀明,戴云,丁艳霞,陈中坚,张文斌. 2006.不同生境半夏及炮制半夏中鸟嘌呤核苷的含量测定.光谱实验室,23(2): 220~223
林启寿. 1977.中草药成分化学.北京:科学出版社: 85
刘伯坤,李华芬. 1989.半夏的休眠观察.中药材,12(4): 9~10
刘春朝,王玉春,欧阳藩,叶和春,李国风,郭仲深. 1999.生物反应器技术应用于植物组织培养的研究进展.化工冶金,20(3):329~336
刘继林. 1986.水半夏代半夏可行性的初步实验观察.成都中医学院学报,(2): 36~38
刘峻,丁家宜,周倩耘,何林,王峥涛. 2004.真菌诱导子对人参毛状根皂苷生物合成和生长的影响.中国中药杂志,29(4):302~305
刘晓龙,郭新弧. 1986.安徽半夏属一新种.云南植物研究,8(2): 223~224
刘玉萍,何报作,曹晖. 2001.基因测序技术在中药质量研究中的应用(Ⅱ)-山药基原的DNA测序鉴别.中草药, 32(11): 1026~1030
李家儒,管志勇,刘曼西. 1999. Cu2+对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇形成的影响.华中农业大学学报, 18(2):117~120
李玉先,刘晓东,朱照静. 2004.半夏药理作用的研究述要.辽宁中医学院学报, 6(6): 459~460
鹿野美弘,有元良帜子,赵昌代. 1987.生药学杂志, 41(4): 282～288
罗成科,彭正松. 2005.半夏疏松愈伤组织诱导的研究.西华师范大学学报,26(1): 37~40
罗建平,贾敬芬. 1996.植物寡糖素的结构和生理功能.植物学通报, 13(4):28一33.
马伟光,陈凤梅,施绍宏,焦纷. 1991.云南药用半夏及其代用品的薄层层析研究.云南中医学院学报,14(3): 36~37
孟祥海. 2007.光照强度、6-BA、GA3对半夏生长发育与有效成分含量的影响研究(硕士学位论文).陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学
宁文,曹日强,王金睎等. 1998.米曲霉激发子促进紫草色素合成中细胞内Ca2+和cAMP的变化.植物生理学通讯, 34(3):194~196
钱江潮,蔡显鹏,储炬,庄英萍,张嗣良. 2003.肌苷和鸟苷生产菌中嘌呤核苷合成途径三段基因序列的分析.微生物学报,43(2):200~205
钱彦丛,秦百宣,郝勇,刘景东. 1997.半夏混伪品犁头尖的鉴别.基层中药杂志, 11(3): 13~14
秦文娟,王瑞,温月笙,杨岚,马立斌. 1995.掌叶半夏化学成分的研究(Ⅴ).中草药,25(1): 3~6
上海医药工业研究所药物制剂研究室. 1960.中药半夏炮制的研究.药学通报, 8(5): 264~267
沈萍,范秀容,李广武. 1999.微生物学实验.北京:高等教育出版社
沈雅琴,张明发,朱自平,王红武. 1998.半夏的镇痛、抗溃疡和抗血栓形成作用.中国生化药物杂志, 19(3): 141~143
盛应彪. 1986.半夏野生变家种栽培技术研究.中药材,(5): 3~5
孙彬贤,翁颖琦,刘涤. 2000.代谢中间产物和诱导子对南方红豆杉培养细胞生长和紫杉醇含量的影响.上海中医药大学学报,14(3):54~56
孙册,徐继华,翟世康,陶宗晋,朱政,严泰英,沈昭文. 1983.半夏蛋白的若干生物学性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,15(1): 1~8
孙广玉,李威,姜丽娜,王洋. 2006.大豆和苜蓿种子中葫芦巴碱含量的测定.植物生理学通讯, 42(6): 1153~1155
陶宗晋,徐琴钰,吴克佐,连少辉,孙德. 1981.半夏蛋自的分离、结晶、生物活力和一些化学性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,13(1): 77~78
丸野止雄. 1997.和汉医药学杂志,14(2): 81~88
汪年琼. 2001.半夏天南星化学工业出版社.北京:中国中医药出版社: 91~95
汪杨丽,严铸云,郭晓恒等. 2008.川芎内生真菌的分离与鉴定.中国中药杂志, 33(9):999~1000
王海波. 1994.植物离体培养细胞状态调控的通用分析模式.科学. 53~56
王和勇,罗恒,孙敏. 2004.诱导子在药用植物细胞培养中的应用.中草药,35(8):3~7
王红,叶和春,李国风,刘本叶,种康. 2000.真菌诱导子对青蒿发根细胞生长和青蒿素积累的影响.植物学报,42(9):905~909
王建美,田呈明,过颂新. 2008.黄栌根内生真菌分离鉴定及拮抗真菌筛选.菌物研究, 6(1): 35~38
王均. 1998.植物抗病反应的分子机理.余叔文和汤章城主编:植物生理与分子生物学.北京:北京科学出版社:784~804
王庆峰.2008.半夏内生真菌的分离以及代谢产物的药理活性的初步研究(硕士学位论文).北京:北京中医药大学
王瑞,温月笙,杨岚,秦文娟,马立斌,涂光忠. 1997.掌叶半夏化学成分的研究.中国中药杂志,22(7): 421~423
王锐,倪京满,马蓉. 1995.中药半夏挥发油成分的研究.中国药学杂志, 30(8): 457~459
王艳华. 2001.半夏质量评价方法研究(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳药科大学
王艳华,张连成. 2004. HPLC法测定天南星中葫芦巴碱的含量.黑龙江医药, 17(5): 329~330
王永红,杨江鸥,陈克红.1999.半夏与其伪品水半夏的鉴别.时珍国医国药, 10(9): 673~673
魏景超. 1979.真菌鉴定手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社
吴皓,陈龙,陆跃鸣. 1996.半夏及其姜制抗肿瘤细胞生长作用的比较.中成药, 18(5): 21~23
吴皓,李伟,张科卫,何凌云,卢丹,崔小兵. 2003.半夏药材鉴别成分的研究.中国中药杂志, 28(9):836~839
吴皓,文红梅,郭戎,叶定江. 1998.半夏姜制对鸟苷含量的影响.中国中药杂志,23(11): 661~663
吴静芬,张媛媛,吉中强,岳旺,张向农. 2006.半夏多糖的含量测定.中国中医药信息杂志, 13(10): 54~55
吴双秀. 2001.高山红景天颗粒状愈伤组织悬浮培养及红景天甙的诱导(博士学位论文).黑龙江:东北林业大学.
细田子,井本芳则,常风润一. 1990.半夏厚朴汤の指标物质の分析[J].生学, 110(10):755
夏海武,赵月玲,战克勤,吴雅贞. 1994.半夏组织培养研究.中国中药杂志,19(12):720~721
许建峰. 1995.高山红景天细胞悬浮培养中红景天甙生物合成代谢的调控(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学
许建峰,韩爱民,冯朴荪. 1996.高山红景天愈伤组织悬浮培养动力学及工艺的研究.生物工程学报, 12(4):474~480
徐秀瑛,孙昌高,方坚.1988.半夏种子萌发特性的研究.中药材, 11(4): 12~13
薛建平,丁勇,张爱民. 2004.高温协迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化.中国中药杂志, 29(7): 641~643
薛建平,朱艳芳,张爱民. 2004.半夏试管块茎直接再生技术的研究.作物学报, 30(10):1060~1064
杨守业,何民,王来苏. 1989.半夏对大白鼠妊娠及胚胎的毒性研究.中西医结合杂志,9(8): 481~483
杨守业,何民,钟永. 1990.半夏对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞核及人体外周血培养淋巴细胞SCE频率的影响.中西医结合杂志,10(6): 356~357
杨守业,叶文华,吴子伦. 1988.半夏炮制前后对小白鼠和蓄积性毒性的研究.中成药,(7): 18~19
尹建雯,陈有为,杨丽源. 2004.芦荟植物内生真菌的研究Ⅰ.内生真菌的分离及鉴定.微生物学杂志. 24(1):25~26
俞海琪,寿伟国,金永昌. 1991.半夏花器特性及提高结实率的研究.现代应用药学,8(4): 5~8
于超,张明,王宇.栽培、野生及不同产地半夏总生物碱测定[J].中国中药杂志, 2004, 29(6): 583~584
余世春,刘晓龙,李俊,周家骅. 1991.鸦落坪半夏与半夏化学成分比较.中药材,14(12): 28~30
张定媛,胡世林,付桂芳. 1982.半夏类药材的鉴别研究.中药通报,(6):7~12
张君诚,孟玉环,宋玉红. 2005.植物Ca2+-CaM信号系统及其调控研究进展.重庆师范大学学报,22(4): 49~52
张科卫,吴皓,沈绣红. 2001.半夏中总游离有机酸的作用研究.南京中医药大学学报,17(3): 159~161
张玲琪,郭波,李海燕. 2000.长春花内生真菌的分离及其发酵产生药用成分的初步研究.中草药,31(11): 805~807
张明,钟国跃,马开森,丁季春. 2004.半夏倒苗原因的实验观察研究.中国中药杂志, 29(3): 273~274
张小丽,谢人明,冯英菊. 2000.四种中药对血小板聚集性的影响.西北药学杂志, 15(6): 260~261
张荫麟,宋经元,赵保华,刘慧灵. 1995.丹参的冠瘦组织培养和丹参酮的产生.生物工程学报, 11(2):150~152
赵鸿莲,于荣敏. 2000.诱导子在植物细胞培养中的应用研究进展.沈阳药科大学学报, 17(2): 152~156
赵怀清,曲燕,王学娅,张雪航,张洪建,服部征雄. 2002.不同产地胡芦巴种子中胡芦巴碱的含量测定.中国药学杂志, 37(8): 617~619
赵秀清,刘青梅. 1997.半夏与几种常见伪品的鉴别.山东中医杂志,16(3): 131~131
张长平,李春,元英进. 2001.真菌诱导子对悬浮培养南方红豆杉细胞态势及紫杉醇合成的影响. 生物工程学报, 17 (4) :436~440
张科卫,吴皓,李伟. 2005. HPLC同时测定半夏药材中鸟次黄嘌呤核苷、鸟嘌呤核苷的含量.药物分析杂志, 25(5):487~489
郑博仁,周丽萍. 1991.云南半夏药材现状及其原植物.中国中药杂志,l6(3): 135~136
郑国灿. 2004.半夏提取液的抗肿瘤性研究.四川中医,22(9): 9~11
中医研究院中药研究所药理室生药室炮制组. 1977.半夏炮制的毒性研究.新医药学杂志,(7): 38~4
钟建江,沈林南,王斯靖. 1995.植物细胞培养工程的最新进展.工业微生物,25 (l):25~29
周荣汉. 1993.中药资源学.北京:中国医药科技出版社:548~554
周莹,寿森炎,贾承国. 2007.水杨酸信号转导及其在植物抵御生物胁迫中的作用.自然科学进展, 17(3): 305~311
Ana C, Ramos V, Robert V. D. H. 1997. Elicitor-mediated induction of anthraquinone biosynthesis and regulation of isopentenyl dipHospHate isomerase and farnesyl dipHospHate synthase activities in cell suspension cultures of Cinchona robusta How. Planta, 203:155~161
Ashish B, Abbishek J, Nishant G, Srivastava A K, Bisaria V S. 2008. Co-culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza-like fungi (piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera) with plant cells of Linum album for enhanced production of podophyllotoxins: a first report. Biotechnol Lett, 30: 1671~1677
Bacon C W, Siegel M R.1998. Endophyte parasitism of tall fescue. Journal of Product of Agriculture, (1): 45~55
Behrouz E M, Mahmoud M. 2000. The effect of in planta TIBA and praline treatment on somatic embryogenesis of sugar beet. EupHytica, 112:151-156,
Bohme C, Schroder M B, Heiliger H J. 1997. Plant cell suspension culture in bench-scale fermenter with a newly designed membrane stirrer for bubble-free aeration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 48:149~154 Burkhard S, Hildegard P. Claudia N, Ingolf S. 2003. Biotransformation of [ring-U-14C]4-n-nonylpHenol by Agrostemma githago cell culture in a two-liquid-pHase system. Biotechnology Letters, 25: 1375~1381
Bush L P, Wilkinson H H, Schard C L.1997. Bioprotective alkaloid of grass-fungal endophyte symbiosis. Plant Physiol,114:1~7
Cazzulino D L,Pedersen H,Chin Chee-Kok,Styer D. 1990. Kinetics of carrot somatic embryo development in suspension culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng.,35: 781~786
Chen H, Chen F. 2000. Effects of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of a high-tanshinone producing line of the Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cells in suspension culture. Process Biochemistry, 35 : 837~840
Chen J H, Cui G Y, Liu J Y, Tan R X. 2003. Pinelloside, an antimicrobial cerebroside from Pinellia ternata. Phytochemistry, 64(4):903~906
Chen Z, Silva H, Klessig D F. 1993. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science, 262: 1882~1886
Chen Z X, Hermar S, Daniel F K. 1993. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science, 262:1883~1886
Chong T M, Abdullah M A. Fadzillah N M, Lai O M, Lajis N H. 2004. Anthraquinones production, hydrogen peroxide level and antioxidant vitamins in Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures from intermediary and production medium strategies.Plant Cell Rep, 22:951~958
Creelman A,Mullet J E. 1997. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 48:355~381
Cui K R,Li J,Xing G M. 2002. Effect of hydrogen Peroxide on synthesis of proteins during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum. Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture, 68:187~193
Curtin M E. 1983. Harvesting profitable products from plant tissue cultures. Biotechnology,l:649~657 Daisy B H, Strobel G A, Castillo U. 2002. Naphthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodar vifignus, a novel endophytic fungus. Microbio,148:3737
Dias A C P, Seabra R M, Andrade P B. 2000. Xanthone biosynthesis and accumulation in calli and suspended cells of Hypericum androsaemum. Plant Sci, 150: 93~101
Difiore S. 1995. Endophytic bacteria and their possible role in the host plant. Istven F. Azospirilum VI and related microorganisms. genetics, physiology, ecology. Heidelberg. Springer
Dixon R A. 1986. The Phytoalexin response: elicitation signaling and control of host gene expression. Biol. Rev., 61:239~244
Dornenburg H,Knorr D. 1995. Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17:674~684
D?rnenburg H, Seydel P. 2008. Effect of irradiation intensity on cell growth and kalata B1 accumulation in Oldenlandia affinis cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 92: 93~99
Durner J,Shah J,Klessig D. 1997. Salicylic acid and disease resistance in plants. Trends in Plant Science., 2(7):266~274
Durner J,Wendehenne D,Klessig D. 1998. Defence gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP,and cyclic ADP-ribose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 95:10328~10333
Ebel J.1986.Phytoalexin synthesis: the biochemical analysis of the induction process. Ann Rev Phytopathol,24: 235~264
Endress R. 1994. Plant Cell Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg: 216
Fowler M W.1994.The development of large scale process systems for the growth of plant cells.In: Proceedling of the third Asia-Pacific biochemical engineering conferences. Singapore: Singapore national university press:17~23
Fujimoto M, Uchida K. 1965. Studies on 5`-nucleotidase-lacking mutants derived from Bacillus subtilis. Agr Biol Chem, 29(3): 249~259
Moore R J. 1974. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers for 1972, Regnum Vegetabile,Vol.91 Utrecht.
Godoy H G, Loyola V V M, 1997. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on secondary metabolism of Catharanthus roseus tumor suspension cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 16: 287~290
Gorycki P D,Hengsfler J G. 1999. Present status of the application of cryop reserved hepatocytes in the evaluation of xenobiotics: consensus of an international expert panel. Chem. B io l. Interactions, 121 (1): 117~ 123
Hahn M C. 1995. Oligosaccharide elicitors and elicitor receptors. In: Terzi M, Cella R and Falavigna A (eds) Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands,37~58
Hamill J D, Parr A J, Rhodes M J C. 1987. New routes to plant secondary products. Biotechnology, 5: 800~804
Haruo M, Hiroko N, Isamu S. 1966. Regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biochemistry, 59(4): 325~331
He Y K, Liu G, Lu T G, Sun J S. 1994. Stem apex culture and quality improvement of tubercles of Pinellia ternata. Acta Bot Sin, 36: 39~44
He Y K, Zhu C F, He M Y, Hao S. 1996. Protoplast culture and plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata. Plant Cell Rep, 16: 92~96
Hohe A, Winkelmann T, Schwenkel H G. 1999. CO2 accumulation in bioreactor suspension cultures of Cyclamen persicum Mill. and its effect on cell growth and regeneration of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 863~867
Holden M A. 1988. Elicitation of cell cultures. Robins RJ, Rhodes MJC, eds., In: Manipulating Secondary Metabolism in Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 57~65
Ilieva M, Pavlov A. 1997. Rosmarinic acid production by Lavandula vera MM cell suspension culture. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol, 47:683~688
James B W, Doris M A. 1959. The regulation of activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase by purine ribonucleotides: A potential feedback control of purine biosynthesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234(6): 1492~1496
John T, H,Radhika D,Andrew C. 2002. Cell signaling following plant pathogen interactions involves the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 40:611~617
Jonojit R ,Soumi N ,Madhumita M. Nirmalya B. 2007. Direct and callus-mediated protocorm-like body inductionfrom shoot-tips of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 90: 31~39
Kleopper J W, Schipper B, Balder P A H M.1992.Porposed elimination of the term endorhizosphere. Phytopathol,82: 726~727
Konishi T ,Konishi K,Takemura T,Matuda N,Konoshima T,Kiyosawa S,1998. Alkaloids from tissue cultures of Decentra Peregrina. Nat. Med., 52: 47~53
Kubo M, Okui Y, Maruno M. 1994. JP 06271598 A2 27Sep Heisei
Kurata H, Furusaki S, Matsumura S. 1997 Light irradiation causes pHysiological and metabolic changes for purine alkaloid production by a Coffea Arabica cell suspension culture. Plant Science, 123:197~203
Kurata K, Tai T, Yang Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K. 1998. Quantitative analysis of anti-emetic principle in the tubers of Pinellia ternata by enzyme immunoassay. Planta Med, 64(7):645~648
Kutchan T. 1995. Alkaloid biosynthesis-the basis for metabolic engineering of medicinal plants. Plant Cell, 7: 1059~1070
Li J Y, Sidhu R, Ford E J. 1998. The induction of production in the endophytic fungus-periconia sp. from Torreya grandifolia. J Ind Microbio Biotechnol, 20: 259~264
Lindsey K,Yeomem M M. 1983. The relationship between growth rate,differentiation and alkaloid accumulation in cell cultures. J. ExP. Bot., 34:1055~1065
Lu C T, Mei X G. 2003. Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides production by a fungal elictor in cell suspension culture of Cistanche-deserticola. Biotechnology Letters, 25: 1437~1439
Lu H, Zou W X, Meng J C.2000. New bioactive metabolites produced by Colletotrichum sp.,an endophytic fungus in Artemisia annua. Plant Sci,151:67~73
Lucumi E, Luczkiewicz M, Vera A, Hallard D, Heijden R V D, Verpoorte R. 2001. Alkaloid formation in cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana divaricata after feeding of tryptamine and loganin. Biotechnol Lett, 23: 1691~1696
Magdi E S, Young H C. Frederich M, Sittiruk R, Verpoorte R. 2004. Alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures fed with stemmadenine. Biotechnology Letters, 26:793~798
Maki T, Takahashi K, Shibata S. 1987. An anti-emetic principle of Pinellia ternata Tuber. Planta Med, 53(5):410~414
Mano Y, Nabeshima S, Matsui C. 1986. Production of tropane alkaloids by hair root cultures of Scopolia japonica. Agric Biol Chem, 50: 2715~2722
Miller R V, Miller C M, Garton-Kinney. 1998. Ecomycins, unique antimycotics from Pseudomonas viridiflava. J Appl Microbial, 84:937~944
Nara T,Misawa,Kinoshita S. 1967. Production of nucleic acid-related substances by fermentation processes. Agric Biol Chem, 32(5):561~567
Nishikawaw H, Momose H, Shiio I. 1967. Regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biochemistry, 62(1):92~98
Nishimura H, Kubo M, Takeda H. 1992. JP 04059788 A 2 26Feb Heisei
Niamh A O D, Patrick G M C, David H S R, Graham W. 1993. Callus production, suspension culture and in vitro alkaloid yields of Ephedra. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 34: 149~155
Orlita A, Sidwa-Gorycka M, Malinski E, Czerwicka M, Kumirska J, Golebiowski M, Lojkowska E, Stepnowski P. 2008. Effective biotic elicitation of Ruta graveolens L. shoot cultures by lysates from Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Bacillus sp.. Biotechnol Lett, 30: 541~545
Pitta-Alvarez S I, Giulietti A M. 1999. Influence of chitosan, acetic acid and citric acid on growth and tropane alkaloid production in transformed roots of Brugmansia candida: Effects of medium pH and growth phase. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 59: 31~38
Poor J. 1998. Activity ofα- galactosidase in immobilized cells of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. Biological Plantarum, 40(2): 161~167
Rahman L U, Verma P C, Singh D, Gupta M M, Banerjee S. 2002. Bacoside production by suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri Pennell. Biotechnology Letters, 24: 1427~1429
Rao S R,Ravishankar G A. 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Bioteehnol.Ady.,20:101~153
Rhodes M J C, Parr A J, Giulietti A. 1994. Influence of exogenous hormones on the growth and secondary metabolite formation in transformed root culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 38: 143~151
Riko K, Hiroshi A. 2006. Profiles of purine biosynthesis, salvage and degradation in disks of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Planta 225:115~126
Robbins M P. 1991. Phenylpropanoid defense response in transgenic Lotus corniculatusⅠ. Glutathione elicitation of isoflavan phytoalexins in transformed root cultures. Plant Cell Report., 10:59~62
Robert A S, Scott D, Antoinette H, John R P, Rick S H. 2001. Induction of umbelliferone in sweet potao cell suspension culture using mercuric chloride. Biotechnology Letters, 23: 1397~1400
Rokem J S, Goldberg I. 1985. Secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension cultures: Methods for yield improvement. Adv Biotechnol Processes, 4: 241~274
Rotblat B, Enshell-Seijffers D, Gershoni J M, Schuster S, Avni A. 2002. Identification of an essentialcomponent of the elicitation active site of the EIX protein elicitor. Plant J, 32(6): 1049~1055
Roth J,Lemith D, Collier E S. 1996.Evolutionary, origins of intereelular comunication and the maginot lines of the mind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (463): 1~l1
Schard C L, Phillips T D.1997.Protective grass endophytes: where are they from and where are they going. Plant Dis,81:430~438
Sheelavanthmath S S , Murthy H N ,Hema B P. 2005. High frequency of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) induction and plant regeneration from protocorm and leaf sections of Aerides crispum. Scientia Horticulturae, 106: 395~401
Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. 1993. Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Paific yew. Science, 260: 214~216
Strobel G, Yang X S H, Sears J. 1996. Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiology, 142: 435~440
Sturz A V, Christie B R, Nowak J.2000. Bacterial endophytes: Potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,19(1):1~30
Suk W K ,Dong S I ,Kyoung H T. 2005. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in leaf and petiole explant cultures and cell suspension cultures of Pinellia tripartite. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 80: 267~270
Suzuki M. 1970. CA, 2: 2307r
Tepfer D. 1990. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Physiol. Plant,79:14~16
Tanaka H, Takahashi R, Morimoto S, Shoyama Y. 1996. Cannabis 251,biotransformation of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid by Pinellia ternata tissue segments. Plant Cell Reports, 15(11):819~823 Tilemann I, Tokhtaeva E, Sedlarova E, Barth A, Valent A, Siekel P, Duricek M. 2003. Lactase in immobilized cells of watermelon. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 38(4):18~21
Tsay H S ,Gau T G ,Chen C C. 1989. Rapid clonal propagation of Pinellia ternata by tissue culture. Plant Cell Reports, 8: 450~454.
Xu J F, Zhao Y, Han A, Feng P. 1995. Induction and culture of calli from Rhodiola Sachalinesis A. BOR. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 1:19~25
Xu T F, Zhang L, Sun X F, Tang KX. 2005. Efficient in vitro plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit. Acta Biol Cracov Bot, 2: 27~32
Yinlin Z. 1995. Crown gall tissue culture and production of tanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chin. J. Bioteehnol.,11(2):150~152
Wang J W, Zhang Z, Tan R X. 2001. Stimulation of artemisinin production in Artemisia annua hairy roots by the elicitor from the endophytic Colletotrichum sp.. Biotechnol Lett, 23: 857~860
Whalen M C,Feldman L J. 1998. The effect of ethylene on root growth of Zea mays seedlings. Can. J. Bot., 66:719~723
Wood A W, Becker M A, Seegmiller J E. 1973. Purine nucleotide synthesis in lymphoblasts cultured from normal subjects and a patient with lesch-nyhan syndrome. Biochemical Genetics, 9(3): 261~274
Wu J Y, Janet N, Shi M, Wu S J. 2007. Enhanced secondary metabolite (tanshinone) production of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots in a novel root-bacteria coculture process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 77: 543~550
Yamada J, Fujita K. 2003. Effect of major inorganic nutrients onβ-thujaplicin production in asuspension culture of Cupressus Iusitanica cells. J Wood Sci, 49:172~175
Yamamoto F. CA, 1991,114:8 8687k
Yamanoi A, Hirose Y, Aoki M, Shiro T. 1965. Studies on the production of nucleosides by microorganisms. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 11(4): 339~353
Yoshikawa M, Yamaoka N, Takeuchi Y.1993.Elicitors: Their significance and primary modes of action in induction of plant defense reaction. Plant Cell Physiol, 34:1163~1173
Yu C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Luo Q. 2004. Determination of alkaloids content of cultivated and wild Pinellia ternata from various areas. Chin Mater Med, 29: 583~584
Zha X Q, Luo J P ,Jiang S T. 2007. Enhancement of polysaccharide production in suspension cultures of protocorm-like bodies from Dendrobium huoshanense by optimization of medium compositions and feeding of sucrose. Process Biochem, 42:344~351
Zhao J, Zhu WH, Hu Q. 2001. Effects of light and plant growth regulators on the biosynthesis of vindoline and other indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus callus cultures. Plant Growth Regul, 33: 43~49 Zheng X Q, Ashihara H. 2004. Distribution, biosynthesis and function of purine and pyridine alkaloids in Coffea Arabica seedlings. Plant Science, 166:807~813
Zheng X Q, Matsui A, Ashihara H. 2007. Biosynthesis of trigonelline from nicotinate mononucleotide in mungbean seedlings. PHytochemistry, 69:390~395
宾金华,姜胜,黄胜琴. 2000.茉莉酸甲酯诱导烟草幼苗抗炭疽病与PAL活性及细胞壁物质的关系.植物生理学报, 26(1): 1~6
柏建新,朱晓宏,张一平,杜郭君,王红连,邓崇亮. 2003.从一株肌苷产生菌选育出高产鸟苷菌株的研究.食品与发酵工业, 129(15):19~24
蔡世珍. 2004.传统中药半夏的化学成分研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国协和医科大学
常钰,刘涤,胡之璧. 2001.植物细胞和器官大规模培养研究的进展.生物技术通报,1:31~36
陈华红,杨颖,姜怡. 2006.植物内生放线菌的分离方法.微生物学通报, 33(4):182~185
陈俊华,杨达献,赵萍萍.1990.半夏及其混伪品的鉴别研究.中药材,13(9): 15~18
崔洪宇,孙玉河. 2007.植物抗病的Ca2+信号转导研究进展.天津农业科学,13(1): 48~51
大盐舂治. 1978.半夏的镇吐成分汗方研究4(5): 9
戴均贵,朱蔚华,吴蕴祺,胡秋,张大勇. 2000.前体及真菌诱导子对银杏悬浮培养细胞产生银杏内酯B的影气响.药学学报,35(2): 151~155
范美化,周吉源. 2004.不同培养条件对半夏悬浮细胞生长及总生物碱形成的影响.云南植物研究, 26(6):656~660
高月来,沈烈行. 2000.半夏及其伪品水半夏的鉴别.时珍国医国药,11(8): 715~715
顾德兴、郭巧生. 1990.半夏群体生物学特性的研究,南京农业大学学报,13(2): 11~16
郭巧生,张国泰,许来武,盛祖平.1993.不同繁殖材料对半夏产量的影响.中国中药杂志,18(3): 140~142
郭晓静,王俊鹏,宋晓平. 2007.南方红豆杉产紫杉醇内生真菌的分离鉴定.西北植物学报, 27(9):1874~1878
郭余龙,贾永芳,杨星勇. 2003.半夏的组织培养及其成分比较.农业生物技术学报,11(3):259~262
龚梅芳,邹季. 1990.三种炮制半夏对妊娠小白鼠致畸作用的研究.北京中医杂志,(1): 36~37
何红,蔡学清,洪永聪. 2002.辣椒内生细菌的分离及拮抗菌的筛选.中国生物防治, 18(4):171~175
何奕昆,刘刚,刘铁刚. 1994.半夏茎尖培养及块茎的品质改良.植物学报, 36(1):39~44
胡世林. 1984.半夏属药用植物一种.药学学报,29(9): 712~714
黄秀兰,吕植祯,苏中武. 1986.掌叶半夏、半夏、天南星的比较研究.中药材,(3): 23~26
洪行球,沃兴德,何一中,李万里,高承贤,金明敏. 1995.半夏降血脂作用研究.浙江中医学院学报,19(2): 28~29
季申,丁声颂,李颖. 1989. 10种药用天南星的化学成分分析.上海医科大学学报, 16(3): 203~207
季申,王柯. 2000.天南星的生药学研究.中成药, 22(12): 856~860
蒋文跃,吴皓.王耿. 1995.半夏各炮制品总生物碱对慢性翻性白血病细胞(K562)的生长抑制作用.南京中医药大学学报,11(2): 84~85
蒋文跃,杨宇,李燕燕. 2002.化痰药半夏、瓜英、浙贝母、石曹摘对人鼠血液流变性的影响.中医杂志,43(3): 215~216
李恒. 1977.我国天南星科植物.植物分类学报,15(2): 87~109
李家儒,管志勇,刘曼西. 1999. Cu2+对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇形成的影响.华中农业大学学报, 18(2):117~120
李家儒,刘曼西,曹孟德. 1998.桔青酶诱导子对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇生物合成的影响.植物研究, 18 (1) : 78~83
李丽. 1999.部分国产半夏属植物的微形态特征和同工酶分析及其分类学意义.云南植物研究,21(4): 442~448
李先端,胡世林. 1995.半夏类药材的比较研究.基层中药杂志,9(2): 26~28
李先端,胡世林,杨连菊. 1990.半夏类药材氨基酸与无机元素分析,中国中药杂志, 15(10): 37~38
李雪玲,崔秀明,戴云,丁艳霞,陈中坚,张文斌. 2006.不同生境半夏及炮制半夏中鸟嘌呤核苷的含量测定.光谱实验室,23(2): 220~223
林启寿. 1977.中草药成分化学.北京:科学出版社: 85
刘伯坤,李华芬. 1989.半夏的休眠观察.中药材,12(4): 9~10
刘春朝,王玉春,欧阳藩,叶和春,李国风,郭仲深. 1999.生物反应器技术应用于植物组织培养的研究进展.化工冶金,20(3):329~336
刘继林. 1986.水半夏代半夏可行性的初步实验观察.成都中医学院学报,(2): 36~38
刘峻,丁家宜,周倩耘,何林,王峥涛. 2004.真菌诱导子对人参毛状根皂苷生物合成和生长的影响.中国中药杂志,29(4):302~305
刘晓龙,郭新弧. 1986.安徽半夏属一新种.云南植物研究,8(2): 223~224
刘玉萍,何报作,曹晖. 2001.基因测序技术在中药质量研究中的应用(Ⅱ)-山药基原的DNA测序鉴别.中草药, 32(11): 1026~1030
李家儒,管志勇,刘曼西. 1999. Cu2+对红豆杉培养细胞中紫杉醇形成的影响.华中农业大学学报, 18(2):117~120
李玉先,刘晓东,朱照静. 2004.半夏药理作用的研究述要.辽宁中医学院学报, 6(6): 459~460
鹿野美弘,有元良帜子,赵昌代. 1987.生药学杂志, 41(4): 282～288
罗成科,彭正松. 2005.半夏疏松愈伤组织诱导的研究.西华师范大学学报,26(1): 37~40
罗建平,贾敬芬. 1996.植物寡糖素的结构和生理功能.植物学通报, 13(4):28一33.
马伟光,陈凤梅,施绍宏,焦纷. 1991.云南药用半夏及其代用品的薄层层析研究.云南中医学院学报,14(3): 36~37
孟祥海. 2007.光照强度、6-BA、GA3对半夏生长发育与有效成分含量的影响研究(硕士学位论文).陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学
宁文,曹日强,王金睎等. 1998.米曲霉激发子促进紫草色素合成中细胞内Ca2+和cAMP的变化.植物生理学通讯, 34(3):194~196
钱江潮,蔡显鹏,储炬,庄英萍,张嗣良. 2003.肌苷和鸟苷生产菌中嘌呤核苷合成途径三段基因序列的分析.微生物学报,43(2):200~205
钱彦丛,秦百宣,郝勇,刘景东. 1997.半夏混伪品犁头尖的鉴别.基层中药杂志, 11(3): 13~14
秦文娟,王瑞,温月笙,杨岚,马立斌. 1995.掌叶半夏化学成分的研究(Ⅴ).中草药,25(1): 3~6
上海医药工业研究所药物制剂研究室. 1960.中药半夏炮制的研究.药学通报, 8(5): 264~267
沈萍,范秀容,李广武. 1999.微生物学实验.北京:高等教育出版社
沈雅琴,张明发,朱自平,王红武. 1998.半夏的镇痛、抗溃疡和抗血栓形成作用.中国生化药物杂志, 19(3): 141~143
盛应彪. 1986.半夏野生变家种栽培技术研究.中药材,(5): 3~5
孙彬贤,翁颖琦,刘涤. 2000.代谢中间产物和诱导子对南方红豆杉培养细胞生长和紫杉醇含量的影响.上海中医药大学学报,14(3):54~56
孙册,徐继华,翟世康,陶宗晋,朱政,严泰英,沈昭文. 1983.半夏蛋白的若干生物学性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,15(1): 1~8
孙广玉,李威,姜丽娜,王洋. 2006.大豆和苜蓿种子中葫芦巴碱含量的测定.植物生理学通讯, 42(6): 1153~1155
陶宗晋,徐琴钰,吴克佐,连少辉,孙德. 1981.半夏蛋自的分离、结晶、生物活力和一些化学性质.生物化学与生物物理学报,13(1): 77~78
丸野止雄. 1997.和汉医药学杂志,14(2): 81~88
汪年琼. 2001.半夏天南星化学工业出版社.北京:中国中医药出版社: 91~95
汪杨丽,严铸云,郭晓恒等. 2008.川芎内生真菌的分离与鉴定.中国中药杂志, 33(9):999~1000
王海波. 1994.植物离体培养细胞状态调控的通用分析模式.科学. 53~56
王和勇,罗恒,孙敏. 2004.诱导子在药用植物细胞培养中的应用.中草药,35(8):3~7
王红,叶和春,李国风,刘本叶,种康. 2000.真菌诱导子对青蒿发根细胞生长和青蒿素积累的影响.植物学报,42(9):905~909
王建美,田呈明,过颂新. 2008.黄栌根内生真菌分离鉴定及拮抗真菌筛选.菌物研究, 6(1): 35~38
王均. 1998.植物抗病反应的分子机理.余叔文和汤章城主编:植物生理与分子生物学.北京:北京科学出版社:784~804
王庆峰.2008.半夏内生真菌的分离以及代谢产物的药理活性的初步研究(硕士学位论文).北京:北京中医药大学
王瑞,温月笙,杨岚,秦文娟,马立斌,涂光忠. 1997.掌叶半夏化学成分的研究.中国中药杂志,22(7): 421~423
王锐,倪京满,马蓉. 1995.中药半夏挥发油成分的研究.中国药学杂志, 30(8): 457~459
王艳华. 2001.半夏质量评价方法研究(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳药科大学
王艳华,张连成. 2004. HPLC法测定天南星中葫芦巴碱的含量.黑龙江医药, 17(5): 329~330
王永红,杨江鸥,陈克红.1999.半夏与其伪品水半夏的鉴别.时珍国医国药, 10(9): 673~673
魏景超. 1979.真菌鉴定手册.上海:上海科学技术出版社
吴皓,陈龙,陆跃鸣. 1996.半夏及其姜制抗肿瘤细胞生长作用的比较.中成药, 18(5): 21~23
吴皓,李伟,张科卫,何凌云,卢丹,崔小兵. 2003.半夏药材鉴别成分的研究.中国中药杂志, 28(9):836~839
吴皓,文红梅,郭戎,叶定江. 1998.半夏姜制对鸟苷含量的影响.中国中药杂志,23(11): 661~663
吴静芬,张媛媛,吉中强,岳旺,张向农. 2006.半夏多糖的含量测定.中国中医药信息杂志, 13(10): 54~55
吴双秀. 2001.高山红景天颗粒状愈伤组织悬浮培养及红景天甙的诱导(博士学位论文).黑龙江:东北林业大学.
细田子,井本芳则,常风润一. 1990.半夏厚朴汤の指标物质の分析[J].生学, 110(10):755
夏海武,赵月玲,战克勤,吴雅贞. 1994.半夏组织培养研究.中国中药杂志,19(12):720~721
许建峰. 1995.高山红景天细胞悬浮培养中红景天甙生物合成代谢的调控(博士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学
许建峰,韩爱民,冯朴荪. 1996.高山红景天愈伤组织悬浮培养动力学及工艺的研究.生物工程学报, 12(4):474~480
徐秀瑛,孙昌高,方坚.1988.半夏种子萌发特性的研究.中药材, 11(4): 12~13
薛建平,丁勇,张爱民. 2004.高温协迫下半夏倒苗前后保护酶活力的变化.中国中药杂志, 29(7): 641~643
薛建平,朱艳芳,张爱民. 2004.半夏试管块茎直接再生技术的研究.作物学报, 30(10):1060~1064
杨守业,何民,王来苏. 1989.半夏对大白鼠妊娠及胚胎的毒性研究.中西医结合杂志,9(8): 481~483
杨守业,何民,钟永. 1990.半夏对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞核及人体外周血培养淋巴细胞SCE频率的影响.中西医结合杂志,10(6): 356~357
杨守业,叶文华,吴子伦. 1988.半夏炮制前后对小白鼠和蓄积性毒性的研究.中成药,(7): 18~19
尹建雯,陈有为,杨丽源. 2004.芦荟植物内生真菌的研究Ⅰ.内生真菌的分离及鉴定.微生物学杂志. 24(1):25~26
俞海琪,寿伟国,金永昌. 1991.半夏花器特性及提高结实率的研究.现代应用药学,8(4): 5~8
于超,张明,王宇.栽培、野生及不同产地半夏总生物碱测定[J].中国中药杂志, 2004, 29(6): 583~584
余世春,刘晓龙,李俊,周家骅. 1991.鸦落坪半夏与半夏化学成分比较.中药材,14(12): 28~30
张定媛,胡世林,付桂芳. 1982.半夏类药材的鉴别研究.中药通报,(6):7~12
张君诚,孟玉环,宋玉红. 2005.植物Ca2+-CaM信号系统及其调控研究进展.重庆师范大学学报,22(4): 49~52
张科卫,吴皓,沈绣红. 2001.半夏中总游离有机酸的作用研究.南京中医药大学学报,17(3): 159~161
张玲琪,郭波,李海燕. 2000.长春花内生真菌的分离及其发酵产生药用成分的初步研究.中草药,31(11): 805~807
张明,钟国跃,马开森,丁季春. 2004.半夏倒苗原因的实验观察研究.中国中药杂志, 29(3): 273~274
张小丽,谢人明,冯英菊. 2000.四种中药对血小板聚集性的影响.西北药学杂志, 15(6): 260~261
张荫麟,宋经元,赵保华,刘慧灵. 1995.丹参的冠瘦组织培养和丹参酮的产生.生物工程学报, 11(2):150~152
赵鸿莲,于荣敏. 2000.诱导子在植物细胞培养中的应用研究进展.沈阳药科大学学报, 17(2): 152~156
赵怀清,曲燕,王学娅,张雪航,张洪建,服部征雄. 2002.不同产地胡芦巴种子中胡芦巴碱的含量测定.中国药学杂志, 37(8): 617~619
赵秀清,刘青梅. 1997.半夏与几种常见伪品的鉴别.山东中医杂志,16(3): 131~131
张长平,李春,元英进. 2001.真菌诱导子对悬浮培养南方红豆杉细胞态势及紫杉醇合成的影响. 生物工程学报, 17 (4) :436~440
张科卫,吴皓,李伟. 2005. HPLC同时测定半夏药材中鸟次黄嘌呤核苷、鸟嘌呤核苷的含量.药物分析杂志, 25(5):487~489
郑博仁,周丽萍. 1991.云南半夏药材现状及其原植物.中国中药杂志,l6(3): 135~136
郑国灿. 2004.半夏提取液的抗肿瘤性研究.四川中医,22(9): 9~11
中医研究院中药研究所药理室生药室炮制组. 1977.半夏炮制的毒性研究.新医药学杂志,(7): 38~4
钟建江,沈林南,王斯靖. 1995.植物细胞培养工程的最新进展.工业微生物,25 (l):25~29
周荣汉. 1993.中药资源学.北京:中国医药科技出版社:548~554
周莹,寿森炎,贾承国. 2007.水杨酸信号转导及其在植物抵御生物胁迫中的作用.自然科学进展, 17(3): 305~311
Ana C, Ramos V, Robert V. D. H. 1997. Elicitor-mediated induction of anthraquinone biosynthesis and regulation of isopentenyl dipHospHate isomerase and farnesyl dipHospHate synthase activities in cell suspension cultures of Cinchona robusta How. Planta, 203:155~161
Ashish B, Abbishek J, Nishant G, Srivastava A K, Bisaria V S. 2008. Co-culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza-like fungi (piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera) with plant cells of Linum album for enhanced production of podophyllotoxins: a first report. Biotechnol Lett, 30: 1671~1677
Bacon C W, Siegel M R.1998. Endophyte parasitism of tall fescue. Journal of Product of Agriculture, (1): 45~55
Behrouz E M, Mahmoud M. 2000. The effect of in planta TIBA and praline treatment on somatic embryogenesis of sugar beet. EupHytica, 112:151-156,
Bohme C, Schroder M B, Heiliger H J. 1997. Plant cell suspension culture in bench-scale fermenter with a newly designed membrane stirrer for bubble-free aeration. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 48:149~154 Burkhard S, Hildegard P. Claudia N, Ingolf S. 2003. Biotransformation of [ring-U-14C]4-n-nonylpHenol by Agrostemma githago cell culture in a two-liquid-pHase system. Biotechnology Letters, 25: 1375~1381
Bush L P, Wilkinson H H, Schard C L.1997. Bioprotective alkaloid of grass-fungal endophyte symbiosis. Plant Physiol,114:1~7
Cazzulino D L,Pedersen H,Chin Chee-Kok,Styer D. 1990. Kinetics of carrot somatic embryo development in suspension culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng.,35: 781~786
Chen H, Chen F. 2000. Effects of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of a high-tanshinone producing line of the Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cells in suspension culture. Process Biochemistry, 35 : 837~840
Chen J H, Cui G Y, Liu J Y, Tan R X. 2003. Pinelloside, an antimicrobial cerebroside from Pinellia ternata. Phytochemistry, 64(4):903~906
Chen Z, Silva H, Klessig D F. 1993. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science, 262: 1882~1886
Chen Z X, Hermar S, Daniel F K. 1993. Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid. Science, 262:1883~1886
Chong T M, Abdullah M A. Fadzillah N M, Lai O M, Lajis N H. 2004. Anthraquinones production, hydrogen peroxide level and antioxidant vitamins in Morinda elliptica cell suspension cultures from intermediary and production medium strategies.Plant Cell Rep, 22:951~958
Creelman A,Mullet J E. 1997. Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 48:355~381
Cui K R,Li J,Xing G M. 2002. Effect of hydrogen Peroxide on synthesis of proteins during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum. Plant Cell,Tissue and Organ Culture, 68:187~193
Curtin M E. 1983. Harvesting profitable products from plant tissue cultures. Biotechnology,l:649~657 Daisy B H, Strobel G A, Castillo U. 2002. Naphthalene, an insect repellent, is produced by Muscodar vifignus, a novel endophytic fungus. Microbio,148:3737
Dias A C P, Seabra R M, Andrade P B. 2000. Xanthone biosynthesis and accumulation in calli and suspended cells of Hypericum androsaemum. Plant Sci, 150: 93~101
Difiore S. 1995. Endophytic bacteria and their possible role in the host plant. Istven F. Azospirilum VI and related microorganisms. genetics, physiology, ecology. Heidelberg. Springer
Dixon R A. 1986. The Phytoalexin response: elicitation signaling and control of host gene expression. Biol. Rev., 61:239~244
Dornenburg H,Knorr D. 1995. Strategies for the improvement of secondary metabolite production in plant cell cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17:674~684
D?rnenburg H, Seydel P. 2008. Effect of irradiation intensity on cell growth and kalata B1 accumulation in Oldenlandia affinis cultures. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 92: 93~99
Durner J,Shah J,Klessig D. 1997. Salicylic acid and disease resistance in plants. Trends in Plant Science., 2(7):266~274
Durner J,Wendehenne D,Klessig D. 1998. Defence gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP,and cyclic ADP-ribose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 95:10328~10333
Ebel J.1986.Phytoalexin synthesis: the biochemical analysis of the induction process. Ann Rev Phytopathol,24: 235~264
Endress R. 1994. Plant Cell Biotechnology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg: 216
Fowler M W.1994.The development of large scale process systems for the growth of plant cells.In: Proceedling of the third Asia-Pacific biochemical engineering conferences. Singapore: Singapore national university press:17~23
Fujimoto M, Uchida K. 1965. Studies on 5`-nucleotidase-lacking mutants derived from Bacillus subtilis. Agr Biol Chem, 29(3): 249~259
Moore R J. 1974. Index to Plant Chromosome Numbers for 1972, Regnum Vegetabile,Vol.91 Utrecht.
Godoy H G, Loyola V V M, 1997. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on secondary metabolism of Catharanthus roseus tumor suspension cultures. Plant Cell Reports, 16: 287~290
Gorycki P D,Hengsfler J G. 1999. Present status of the application of cryop reserved hepatocytes in the evaluation of xenobiotics: consensus of an international expert panel. Chem. B io l. Interactions, 121 (1): 117~ 123
Hahn M C. 1995. Oligosaccharide elicitors and elicitor receptors. In: Terzi M, Cella R and Falavigna A (eds) Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands,37~58
Hamill J D, Parr A J, Rhodes M J C. 1987. New routes to plant secondary products. Biotechnology, 5: 800~804
Haruo M, Hiroko N, Isamu S. 1966. Regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biochemistry, 59(4): 325~331
He Y K, Liu G, Lu T G, Sun J S. 1994. Stem apex culture and quality improvement of tubercles of Pinellia ternata. Acta Bot Sin, 36: 39~44
He Y K, Zhu C F, He M Y, Hao S. 1996. Protoplast culture and plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata. Plant Cell Rep, 16: 92~96
Hohe A, Winkelmann T, Schwenkel H G. 1999. CO2 accumulation in bioreactor suspension cultures of Cyclamen persicum Mill. and its effect on cell growth and regeneration of somatic embryos. Plant Cell Reports, 18: 863~867
Holden M A. 1988. Elicitation of cell cultures. Robins RJ, Rhodes MJC, eds., In: Manipulating Secondary Metabolism in Culture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 57~65
Ilieva M, Pavlov A. 1997. Rosmarinic acid production by Lavandula vera MM cell suspension culture. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol, 47:683~688
James B W, Doris M A. 1959. The regulation of activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase by purine ribonucleotides: A potential feedback control of purine biosynthesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234(6): 1492~1496
John T, H,Radhika D,Andrew C. 2002. Cell signaling following plant pathogen interactions involves the generation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 40:611~617
Jonojit R ,Soumi N ,Madhumita M. Nirmalya B. 2007. Direct and callus-mediated protocorm-like body inductionfrom shoot-tips of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 90: 31~39
Kleopper J W, Schipper B, Balder P A H M.1992.Porposed elimination of the term endorhizosphere. Phytopathol,82: 726~727
Konishi T ,Konishi K,Takemura T,Matuda N,Konoshima T,Kiyosawa S,1998. Alkaloids from tissue cultures of Decentra Peregrina. Nat. Med., 52: 47~53
Kubo M, Okui Y, Maruno M. 1994. JP 06271598 A2 27Sep Heisei
Kurata H, Furusaki S, Matsumura S. 1997 Light irradiation causes pHysiological and metabolic changes for purine alkaloid production by a Coffea Arabica cell suspension culture. Plant Science, 123:197~203
Kurata K, Tai T, Yang Y, Kinoshita K, Koyama K, Takahashi K. 1998. Quantitative analysis of anti-emetic principle in the tubers of Pinellia ternata by enzyme immunoassay. Planta Med, 64(7):645~648
Kutchan T. 1995. Alkaloid biosynthesis-the basis for metabolic engineering of medicinal plants. Plant Cell, 7: 1059~1070
Li J Y, Sidhu R, Ford E J. 1998. The induction of production in the endophytic fungus-periconia sp. from Torreya grandifolia. J Ind Microbio Biotechnol, 20: 259~264
Lindsey K,Yeomem M M. 1983. The relationship between growth rate,differentiation and alkaloid accumulation in cell cultures. J. ExP. Bot., 34:1055~1065
Lu C T, Mei X G. 2003. Improvement of phenylethanoid glycosides production by a fungal elictor in cell suspension culture of Cistanche-deserticola. Biotechnology Letters, 25: 1437~1439
Lu H, Zou W X, Meng J C.2000. New bioactive metabolites produced by Colletotrichum sp.,an endophytic fungus in Artemisia annua. Plant Sci,151:67~73
Lucumi E, Luczkiewicz M, Vera A, Hallard D, Heijden R V D, Verpoorte R. 2001. Alkaloid formation in cell suspension cultures of Tabernaemontana divaricata after feeding of tryptamine and loganin. Biotechnol Lett, 23: 1691~1696
Magdi E S, Young H C. Frederich M, Sittiruk R, Verpoorte R. 2004. Alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures fed with stemmadenine. Biotechnology Letters, 26:793~798
Maki T, Takahashi K, Shibata S. 1987. An anti-emetic principle of Pinellia ternata Tuber. Planta Med, 53(5):410~414
Mano Y, Nabeshima S, Matsui C. 1986. Production of tropane alkaloids by hair root cultures of Scopolia japonica. Agric Biol Chem, 50: 2715~2722
Miller R V, Miller C M, Garton-Kinney. 1998. Ecomycins, unique antimycotics from Pseudomonas viridiflava. J Appl Microbial, 84:937~944
Nara T,Misawa,Kinoshita S. 1967. Production of nucleic acid-related substances by fermentation processes. Agric Biol Chem, 32(5):561~567
Nishikawaw H, Momose H, Shiio I. 1967. Regulation of purine nucleotide synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of Biochemistry, 62(1):92~98
Nishimura H, Kubo M, Takeda H. 1992. JP 04059788 A 2 26Feb Heisei
Niamh A O D, Patrick G M C, David H S R, Graham W. 1993. Callus production, suspension culture and in vitro alkaloid yields of Ephedra. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 34: 149~155
Orlita A, Sidwa-Gorycka M, Malinski E, Czerwicka M, Kumirska J, Golebiowski M, Lojkowska E, Stepnowski P. 2008. Effective biotic elicitation of Ruta graveolens L. shoot cultures by lysates from Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Bacillus sp.. Biotechnol Lett, 30: 541~545
Pitta-Alvarez S I, Giulietti A M. 1999. Influence of chitosan, acetic acid and citric acid on growth and tropane alkaloid production in transformed roots of Brugmansia candida: Effects of medium pH and growth phase. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 59: 31~38
Poor J. 1998. Activity ofα- galactosidase in immobilized cells of Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. Biological Plantarum, 40(2): 161~167
Rahman L U, Verma P C, Singh D, Gupta M M, Banerjee S. 2002. Bacoside production by suspension cultures of Bacopa monnieri Pennell. Biotechnology Letters, 24: 1427~1429
Rao S R,Ravishankar G A. 2002. Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Bioteehnol.Ady.,20:101~153
Rhodes M J C, Parr A J, Giulietti A. 1994. Influence of exogenous hormones on the growth and secondary metabolite formation in transformed root culture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 38: 143~151
Riko K, Hiroshi A. 2006. Profiles of purine biosynthesis, salvage and degradation in disks of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Planta 225:115~126
Robbins M P. 1991. Phenylpropanoid defense response in transgenic Lotus corniculatusⅠ. Glutathione elicitation of isoflavan phytoalexins in transformed root cultures. Plant Cell Report., 10:59~62
Robert A S, Scott D, Antoinette H, John R P, Rick S H. 2001. Induction of umbelliferone in sweet potao cell suspension culture using mercuric chloride. Biotechnology Letters, 23: 1397~1400
Rokem J S, Goldberg I. 1985. Secondary metabolites from plant cell suspension cultures: Methods for yield improvement. Adv Biotechnol Processes, 4: 241~274
Rotblat B, Enshell-Seijffers D, Gershoni J M, Schuster S, Avni A. 2002. Identification of an essentialcomponent of the elicitation active site of the EIX protein elicitor. Plant J, 32(6): 1049~1055
Roth J,Lemith D, Collier E S. 1996.Evolutionary, origins of intereelular comunication and the maginot lines of the mind. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, (463): 1~l1
Schard C L, Phillips T D.1997.Protective grass endophytes: where are they from and where are they going. Plant Dis,81:430~438
Sheelavanthmath S S , Murthy H N ,Hema B P. 2005. High frequency of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) induction and plant regeneration from protocorm and leaf sections of Aerides crispum. Scientia Horticulturae, 106: 395~401
Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. 1993. Taxol and taxane production by Taxomyces andreanae, an endophytic fungus of Paific yew. Science, 260: 214~216
Strobel G, Yang X S H, Sears J. 1996. Taxol from Pestalotiopsis microspora, an endophytic fungus of Taxus wallachiana. Microbiology, 142: 435~440
Sturz A V, Christie B R, Nowak J.2000. Bacterial endophytes: Potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,19(1):1~30
Suk W K ,Dong S I ,Kyoung H T. 2005. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in leaf and petiole explant cultures and cell suspension cultures of Pinellia tripartite. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult, 80: 267~270
Suzuki M. 1970. CA, 2: 2307r
Tepfer D. 1990. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Physiol. Plant,79:14~16
Tanaka H, Takahashi R, Morimoto S, Shoyama Y. 1996. Cannabis 251,biotransformation of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid by Pinellia ternata tissue segments. Plant Cell Reports, 15(11):819~823 Tilemann I, Tokhtaeva E, Sedlarova E, Barth A, Valent A, Siekel P, Duricek M. 2003. Lactase in immobilized cells of watermelon. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 38(4):18~21
Tsay H S ,Gau T G ,Chen C C. 1989. Rapid clonal propagation of Pinellia ternata by tissue culture. Plant Cell Reports, 8: 450~454.
Xu J F, Zhao Y, Han A, Feng P. 1995. Induction and culture of calli from Rhodiola Sachalinesis A. BOR. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 1:19~25
Xu T F, Zhang L, Sun X F, Tang KX. 2005. Efficient in vitro plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata (Thunb) Breit. Acta Biol Cracov Bot, 2: 27~32
Yinlin Z. 1995. Crown gall tissue culture and production of tanshinone in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Chin. J. Bioteehnol.,11(2):150~152
Wang J W, Zhang Z, Tan R X. 2001. Stimulation of artemisinin production in Artemisia annua hairy roots by the elicitor from the endophytic Colletotrichum sp.. Biotechnol Lett, 23: 857~860
Whalen M C,Feldman L J. 1998. The effect of ethylene on root growth of Zea mays seedlings. Can. J. Bot., 66:719~723
Wood A W, Becker M A, Seegmiller J E. 1973. Purine nucleotide synthesis in lymphoblasts cultured from normal subjects and a patient with lesch-nyhan syndrome. Biochemical Genetics, 9(3): 261~274
Wu J Y, Janet N, Shi M, Wu S J. 2007. Enhanced secondary metabolite (tanshinone) production of Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots in a novel root-bacteria coculture process. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 77: 543~550
Yamada J, Fujita K. 2003. Effect of major inorganic nutrients onβ-thujaplicin production in asuspension culture of Cupressus Iusitanica cells. J Wood Sci, 49:172~175
Yamamoto F. CA, 1991,114:8 8687k
Yamanoi A, Hirose Y, Aoki M, Shiro T. 1965. Studies on the production of nucleosides by microorganisms. J Gen Appl Microbiol, 11(4): 339~353
Yoshikawa M, Yamaoka N, Takeuchi Y.1993.Elicitors: Their significance and primary modes of action in induction of plant defense reaction. Plant Cell Physiol, 34:1163~1173
Yu C, Zhang M, Wang Y, Luo Q. 2004. Determination of alkaloids content of cultivated and wild Pinellia ternata from various areas. Chin Mater Med, 29: 583~584
Zha X Q, Luo J P ,Jiang S T. 2007. Enhancement of polysaccharide production in suspension cultures of protocorm-like bodies from Dendrobium huoshanense by optimization of medium compositions and feeding of sucrose. Process Biochem, 42:344~351
Zhao J, Zhu WH, Hu Q. 2001. Effects of light and plant growth regulators on the biosynthesis of vindoline and other indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus callus cultures. Plant Growth Regul, 33: 43~49 Zheng X Q, Ashihara H. 2004. Distribution, biosynthesis and function of purine and pyridine alkaloids in Coffea Arabica seedlings. Plant Science, 166:807~813
Zheng X Q, Matsui A, Ashihara H. 2007. Biosynthesis of trigonelline from nicotinate mononucleotide in mungbean seedlings. PHytochemistry, 69:390~395
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |